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| 4778206076 | Cultures | Learned or invented ways of living. Africa appears to be the place where this was first seen. Changes in behavior like: replacing hand axes with stone blades or blades fastened to spears; settlements that followed the seasonal migration of fish; hunting and fishing instead of scavaging. | 0 | |
| 4778206077 | Many history books do not talk about Paleolithic times, why and how have we learned about that time. | People think that there isn't much that we can learn of this time because the people of this time couldn't speak or write. We have learned about them from their material remains: bones, stones, fossilized seeds, rock paintings (cave drawings) and engravings. Researchers look at the Some historians have spent time with some of the existing hunting and gathering societies to hear their stories in an attempt to gain insight to the past however there are thoughts hat this information has been tainted as they have commingled with agricultural societies and have been influenced by modern societies. | 1 | |
| 4778206078 | In researching the various settlements, what's commonality did researchers find? | All of the settlements had evidence in the form of cave drawings or artifacts that indicated that each group of people adapted to their environment in the adaptation of the tools that were used and the animals hunted. | 2 | |
| 4778236953 | Dreamtime | Belief by Australia's aboriginal people that all things of this natural world are echoes of ancient happenings. Links current people and places to events of the past. | 3 | |
| 4778260574 | Clovis Culture | Earliest widespread and distinctive culture of North America. Named from the Clovis point, a particular type of projectile point. Primarily hunted very large game like bison and mammoth. Seemed to disappear when these animals disappeared. There is uncertainty as to why but some think that they may have hunted these animals to extinction and then could no longer survive themselves. | 4 | |
| 4778357958 | How did Austronesian cultures differ from other ones? | They carried domesticated plants and animals in their canoes as they traveled from one location to another and both men and women went together which indicated a deliberate intention to colonize new lands. Two developments typically followed everywhere they went: one, the creation of chiefdoms like what was in place in ancient Hawaii where Chiefs ruled the population. Second, the extinction of flightless birds. | 5 | |
| 4778440158 | What are some common Paleolithic culture traits? | -Small societies of 25-50 people -Seasonally mobile or nomadic following food sources -No accumulation of food because nomadic -No real levels of power -Most people had similar skill sets -Men were the masculine "meat hunters" 30% of food source -Women provided gathered food 70%of food source -Men and women were deemed to be pretty equal -It wasn't a perfect society as they beat women and often fought over food disbursement. Also had one on one battles. -short life expectancy because it was dangerous and they had to live off of the land which could be good or bad. -they were happy to be provided "enough" to sustain themselves. They weren't greedy people. -Altered the land that they lived on (set fires to promote certain kinds of vegetational growth) | 6 | |
| 4778538580 | How did the settling down of nomadic people give rise to agriculture? | The larger long term settlements required more food to sustain the population over time. Growing crops became a requirement to survive. | 7 | |
| 4778597740 | Neolithic Revolution (New Stone Age) (Agricultural Revolution) | -About 12,000 yrs ago -Deliberate cultivation of particular plants and taming and breeding of particular animals. -transformation of human life forming the foundation of everything that was to come -new relationship between human kind and all living things. (Farming to produce better crops, selective breeding of animals to produce more milk, wool, meat, etc. ) -coincides with end of the ice age when temperatures became more suitable for sustaining plant life. -some large mammals died off after the Stone Age and forced people to find food by another means. -people living together instead of nomadic lifestyle created a food crisis and people experimented and became innovative to have enough to feed everyone. -weaving and pottery became major industries -human figures became more prominent than the animals in their rock etchings. -burial sites give evidence of how people lived during this time. Ex. Otzi the Ice Man. What he was wearing, the tools he had with him, features on his body (like frostbite and/or cuts) give us insight to their life. - the remains of structures where they dwelled give us insight as well. (Megaliths) | 8 | |
| 4784414030 | Megalith | Large scale stone structure during the Neolithic time. Ex. Stonehenge | 9 | |
| 4778597741 | Domestication | The changing and taming of nature for the benefit of humankind. People became dependent on animals and crops to survive and animals and plants became dependent on humans as well because they could no longer make it in the wild. | 10 | |
| 4784168121 | Through genetic DNA, scholars have identified this place as the original home to the homo sapien species? | Sub Saharan Africa This is part of the field of genetic anthropology where they link genetic evidence from fossil remains to trace the movement across the planet. | 11 | |
| 4778597742 | Intensification | Needing to get more from the earth to support the growing population. | 12 | |
| 4778597743 | Fertile Crescent | First area to experience a full agricultural revolution. Rich in grains. | 13 | |
| 4778682424 | How did the agricultural revolution differ from one area to the next | The animals and crops raised were different from one area to the next. What was grown or raised depended on the soil, temperature, how the animals and plants could handle the conditions of the region. | 14 | |
| 4778682425 | American agricultural revolution | -Lacked animals so no real source of protein, manure (fertilizer) and power (to draw plows) so they still had to rely on hunting animals. -lacked rich grains that were available in Afro Eurasia. Relied on corn (maize). -took longer in mesoAmerica to replace the hunting and gathering than it did in Middle Eastern societies. -The climate differences between the North and South in America posed challenges because agricultural practices had to adapt to work. East/West was easier because the climates were similar. -Living close to animals put humans at risk for disease and epidemics from living in close proximity to other people. | 15 | |
| 4778682426 | Those who resisted the agricultural revolution and why. | -New Guenia, Northwest America, Arctic regions, Australia, Southwest Africa. -Probably because the area wasn't conducive to farming, because it had a natural abundance or because they liked the simpler way of life. -Not many of these people remain (pg35) | 16 | |
| 4778712671 | What kinds of metals were used | -Gold, then copper, then bronze, then iron -used for tools, weapons and jewelry | 17 | |
| 4778712672 | What is the secondary products revolution | When people began milking cows, riding horses, using wool from sheep and manure from animals and using animals to plow. Secondary uses for their domesticated animals. Unfortunately the Americas didn't have the animals so much of this was specific to the Eastern Hemisphere. | 18 | |
| 4778726049 | What different societies emerged out of the agricultural revolution? | -Pastoral societies Agricultural villages -chiefdoms | 19 | |
| 4784168122 | Pastoral Societies | -Relative equality between men and women -were sometimes envious of the agricultural groups because of what they had in terms of wealth, stores of food and land that was fertile. -they had exchanges of ideas and technology between the two groups which changes both groups -women in pastoral societies often held high places. Shamans, fighters, etc. | 20 | |
| 4784168123 | Agricultural societies | -village based horticultural farmers (in areas like Jerico) -many didn't have different levels of power within the community. Settled disputes within the community -women's role was still fairly equal compare with men -Pioneered human settlement of vast areas -adapted to a variety of environments -as time passed the agricultural societies began to see differing levels of power where some had more surplus than others and more power within the communities. | 21 | |
| 4784168124 | Chiefdoms | -inherited positions of political power within agricultural societies. -force was not used to get people to be obedient. People complied because of the Chiefs generosity, gift giving, charisma or ritual status. -inequality of people -Chiefs: collected tribute (food, raw materials, manufactured goods) to redistribute to armies, religious groups, himself, etc., he organized the community for warfare, led rituals and ceremonies and resolved conflicts. -ex. Cahokia near present day St Louis | 22 |
