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2806730187PangaeaThe hypothetical landmass that existed when all continents were joined, from about 300 to 200 million years ago.0
2806730188Pantha lassa oceania" universal sea" surrounding pangaea, word from lost pre-greek language.1
2806730189EurasiaEurope and asia considered together as one continent.2
2806730190AfricaContinent south of europe and between the atlantic and indian oceans.3
2806730191AntarcticaContinent surrounding the south pole. Covered in ice sheet.4
2806730192AsiaBounded by europe and the artic,pacifer, and indian ocean.5
2806730193EuropeIn the western part of the landmass lying between the atlantic and pacific ocean.6
2806730194North americaNorthern continent in the west hemisphere.7
2806730195South americaSouth continent of the Western Hemisphere8
2806730196Middle eastArea from libya to afghanistan9
2806730197SiberiaExtensive region in the russian federation in north asia10
2806730198The saharaA desert in Africa extending from atlantic to the nile valley11
2806730199The himalayasA mountain range extending about 1500 miles along border between india and tibet12
2806730200Artic oceanOcean surrounding the north pole and north of earth13
2806730201Atlantic oceanOcean bounded by north america in the western hemisphere to europe and africa in the eastern hemisphere14
2806730202Indian oceanAn ocean south of asia, west of australia15
2806730203Pacific oceanOcean bordered by the american continents, asia, and australia, largest ocean in the world; divided by the equator into north and south pacific16
2806730204Southern oceanAnother name for the antartic ocean17
2806730205Mediterrean seaSea surrounded by africa, europe,and asia18
2806730206Carribbean seaSea of the atlantic ocean located in the tropics of the western hemishpere19
2806730207Panama isthmusAlso known as the isthmus od darien, narrow strip of land that lies between the carribbean sea and the pacific ocean20
2806730208Panama canalShip canal in panama that connects the atlantic ocean to the pacific ocean21
2806730209Suez isthmusStrip of land that lies between the mediterranean sea and the red sea22
2806730210Suez canalArtifical sea- level waterway in egypt, connecting the meditteranean sea and the red sea23
2806730211Nile riverNorth flowing river in africa, among worlds largest waterways famed for its ancient history24
2806730212Tigris rivereast member of the two great rivers that define mesopotamia25
2806730213Euphrates riverWest member of the two great rivers that define mesopotamia26
2806730214Indus riverAlso called sindu river is one of the longest rivers in asia27
2806730215Ganges riverTrans boundary river of asia which flows through the nations of india and bangladesh28
2806730216Yangtze riverLongest river in china29
2806730217Yellow riverThird longest river in asia, sixth longest in the world30
2806730218Mississippi - missouri system4th largest river system in the world31
2806730219Amazon riverIn south america is the largest river by discharge of water32
2806730220Volga riverLongest river in europe33
2806730221Danude riverSecond longest river in europe34
2806730222Rhine riverEuropean river that begins in the swiss alps35
2806730223PrehistoryPeriod of time before written records36
2806730224HistoryStudy of past events37
2806730225CivilzationStage of human social development and organization that is considered most advanced38
2806730226AustralopithecinesExinct genus of hominids39
2806730227Homo erectusExtinct species of hominin that lived throughtout most of the pleistoene40
2806730228Homo sapienBinomial nomenclature for the human species41
2806730229Homo sapien sapienHuman42
2806730230Paleolithic eraBegan 2 to 2.5 million years ago. Old stone age43
2806730231Neolithic eraPeriod in the development of human technology44
2806730232Mesolithic eraDenoting the middle part of stone age, between the paleolithic and neolithic era45
2806730233Family unitsOriginating source for how one interacts with others and heavily influences46
2806730234Family clanGroup of people from common descents47
2808440104TribeDistinct people dependent on their land for their livelihood48
2808441987Hunting and gatheringA way of survival for some societies49
2808443743SocietiesAggregate of people living together50
2808445461Gender division of laborWorkers or groups of workers is assigned a special task51
2808455450Neolithic revolutionFundamental change in the way people lived52
2808465591PastoralismBranch of agriculture concerned with raising of livestock53
2808467538AgricultureThe science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products54
2808474513Herding societiesSociety that combines foraging with some agriculture55
2808478530Metal workingThe act or technique of making metal objects56
2808480694Bronze Age writingEarliest script and witnessed much evolution in society and life57
2808487156MesopotamiaAncient region in west Asia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, now part of Iraq58
2808489332The Fertile CrescentCrescent shaped region containing the moist and fertile land of otherwise arid and semi- arid western asia59
2808521895CuneiformComposed of slim triangular or wedge-shaped elements, as the characters seed in writing by the ancient Akkadians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, and others60
2808530845Gilgamesh epicStory written on clay tablets that is considered to be the earliest literary work61
2808542551Hammurabi's law codeOne of several sets of laws in the ancient near east62
2808548139EgyptAncient kingdom in northeast Africa divided into Nile delta and from Cairo to sudan63
2808555558Egyptians book of the dead pyramidsAlso known as the great pyramid of Giza, the book is an ancient funeral text64
2808575315HieroglyphicsDesignating or pertaining to a pictographic script particularly that of ancient Egyptians65
2808586063Indus Valley civilizationThe earliest traces of civilization in the Indian subcontinent are to be found in places along, or close to the Indus River66
2808588793Yellow riverThird longest river in Asia following the Yangtze and yenisei67
2808590347The CeltsA group of people that occupied lands stretching from British isles to Galatia68
2808592428The HittitesAncient Anatolian people who established an empire centered on hattusa around 1600 bc69
2808601381Iron weaponsA superior weapon such as a sword, or gun made of, or with trace of iron70
2808603496The AssyriansRose to power in Mesopotamia. Was the upper part of the Tigris river valley71
2808605448Calvary warfareHighly mobile army unit using vehicular transportation, such as light amor72
2808609879Persian empireAny series of imperial dynasties centered in Persia (now Iran)73
2808612102The HebrewsPeople descended from Shem, one of Noah's sons, Eber, and Abraham74
2808614977MonotheismA belief that there is only one God75
2808617053PhoeniciansA native or inhabitant Phoenicia76
2808619897AlphabetThe letters of a language in their customary order77
2808622812The LydiansAn inhabitant of Lydia78
2808623958CoinageThe act, process, or right to making coins79
2808626319SpartaAncient city in south greece80
2808628744AthensCity and capital of greece81
2808634550DemocracyGovernment by the people82
2808642991Persian warsAlso called Greco-Persian wars, a series of wars fought by Greek states and Persia over a period of almost half a century83
2808700606Peloponnesian warGreek war fought by Athens and its empire against the Peloponnesian league led by Sparta84
2808750111Alexander the greatAlexander the third of Macedon, was king of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the argead dynasty85
2808770567HellenismTerm generally used by historians to refer to the period from the death of Alexander the Great to cleopatra and the incorporation of Egypt in the Roman Empire86
2808797176HomerAncient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written down the Iliad and the odyssey87
2808802843SocratesPhilosopher who believed in an absolute right or wrong88
2808804956PlatoConsidered the greatest philosopher, student of Socrates, known for his ideas theory89
2808809561ArtistoleProminent Greek philosopher, noted for his philosophically based thoughts of "science"90
2808816258Foundation of western scientific thoughtFoundation of inductive reasoning91
2808817956Roman republicPeriod of ancient roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the roman kingdom, ending in 27bc with the establishment of the Roman Empire92
2808830240Plebeians vs patriciansPlebeians were the lowest class, including everyone but the patricians. Patricians were the upper class, were wealthy land owners93
2808834978Punic warSeries of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264bc to 146 bc94
2808838883Julius CaesarRoman statesman, general and notable author of Latin Prose95
2813877628Roman EmpirePost-republican of the ancient roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea, in Europe, Africa, and Asia96
2813889970China's Qin dynastyFirst imperial dynasty of China97
2813891035Han dynastySecond imperial dynasty of China in 206bc, considered golden age98
2813896636Tang DynastyFormerly romanized as the t'ang dynasty, was imperial dynasty99
2813904012Shi huangdiPersonal name was ying Zheng, was the king of the state of Qin who conquered all other warmings states and united China in 221bc100
2813924419Chinese tributary systemNetwork of trade and foreign relationships between China and its tributaries that helped shape much of east Asia101
2813939772Silk RoadAncient network of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central of cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent connecting the west and east by merchants from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea102
2813947215Nara and Heian(710-1185) the first permanent Japanese capital was established in Nara, a city modeled after the Chinese capital103
2813958646Fujiwara clanDescending from the nakatomi clan and through him, was a powerful family of regents in Japan.104
2814005869Lady murasakiJapanese novelist, poet and lady in waiting at the imperial court during the Heian period105
2814035473The tale of genjiWritten by lady murasaki between about 1000 to 1012106
2814037979Central asiaCore region of the Asian continent and stretches from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north107
2814043275MongoliaA nation bordered by China and Russia, is known for its vast, rugged expanses and its nomadic people108
2814057341Aryan invasion of IndiaDenies the Indian origin of India's predominant culture109
2814171484DravidiansAre the speakers of the Dravidian languages in South Asia110
2814174209Indian caste systemHistorically one of the main dimensions where people in India are socially differentiated through class, religion, region, tribe, gender, and language111
2814210667AshokaAlso known as Ashoka Maurya, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya dynasty who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent112
2814320390ConstantinopleThe city of roman and Byzantine, the Latin, and the ottoman empires113
2814329170Byzantine empireOr eastern Roman Empire, was the predominantly Greek-speaking114
2814348599JustinianTraditionally known as Justinian the Great and also saint Justinian the great in Eastern Orthodox Church was a Byzantine emperor from 527 to 565115
2814365627Dark ages(Early medieval Europe) period of European history lasting from the 5th century to the 10th century116
2814489752FeudalismDominant social system in medieval Europe, in which nobility held lands from the crown in exchange for military service117
2814519296CharlemagneAlso known as Charles the great was king of the franks who United most of Western Europe during early Middle Ages, laid foundation for France and Germany118
2814530209MohammedFrom Mecca, Unified Arabia into a single religion polity under Islam119
2814537078Foundation of islamLegacy of Mohammed120
2814546241Bantu migrationMigrated from Western Africa southward and eastward spreading out across all of the southern half of the African continent121
2814569991NubiaDesert region and ancient kingdom in the Nile river valley of southern Egypt and northern Sudan122
2814585993GhanaA nation on west Africa's Gulf of Guinea, known for diverse wildlife, old forts and beaches123
2814591036OlmecFirst major civilization in Mexico following a progressive development in soconusco124
2814613690The MayaWas a mesoamerican civilization developed by the Mayan people125
2814647634Andean societyMade up a looser patchwork of different cultures that developed from the highlands of Columbia to the atacama desert126
2814660999Mississippian cultureMound building Native American civilization that flourished in what is now the Midwestern, eastern, and the southeastern part of the United States127
2814664968AnasaziThought to be ancestors of the modern pueblo indians128
2815360707Culture diffusionSpreading out of culture, culture traits, or a cultural pattern from a central point129
2815395780Independent innovationCreative invention of new solutions to old and new problems130
2815420241Class distinctionsA characteristic that is observed to differ based on social class131
2815423726HierarchyA system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority132
2815468276Social stratificationRigid subdivision of a society into a hierarchy of layers, differentiated on the basic of power, prestige, and wealth133
2815488821Social mobilityThe possibility for people in a society to change their class or social status within their lifetimes134
2815496267Caste systemThe rigid Hindu system of hereditary social distinctions based on castes135
2815500758PatriarchiesSocial system in which power is held by men, through cultural norms and costumed that favor men and withhold opportunity from women136
2815528417MatriarchyA system of society or government ruled by a woman or women137
2815556508AristocracyThe highest class in certain societies, especially those holding hereditary titles or offices138
2815593580Parliamentary bodiesA legislative body in any of various other countries139
2815685283OligarchyA form of government in which all power is vested in a few persons or in a dominant class or clique140
2815692903Republics theocracyThe Islamic republic of Iran has been described as a theocratic republic141
2815724043Democracies theocracyWas a theocratic political system that included elements of democracy142
2815742347Slaves vs serfdom warSerfs were tied down to the land but could not be bought, while slaves were part of a system called chattel-slavery143
2815753421TradeTransfer of the ownership of goods or services from one person or entity to another in exchange for other goods or services or for money144
2815771320Trade routesOne of the sea-lanes ordinarily used by merchant ships145
2815777367Religious interactionUnderstanding between two or more religions146
2815915424Missionary activity interactionPurpose is to grow the Muslim umman147
2815916758Bantu migrationSeries of migrations of the Bantu people from the Congo area to the present Kenya, Uganda, and tanzania148
2815918570Polynesian migrationPolynesians travel eastward to Hawaii in boats, spread culture, bring caste system. Asia to Hawaii149
2815922148Eurasia's great age of migrationIncrease in Migrations from Eurasia150
2815934085PolytheismThe belief, or worship of multiple gods151
2815935836ZoroastrianismOne of the worlds oldest monotheistic religions. worship of wisdom152
2815938532Ten CommandmentsList of religious and moral imperatives which, according to the bible, was spoken by the gods153
2815944230The torahRefers to the first section on the tanakn the first five books of the Hebrew bible154
2815949039The TalmudA series of disputations that took place in Europe during the Middle Ages155
2815950779YHWHYahweh, gods name156
2815844323AbrahamThe first of the Old Testament patriarch and the father of Isaac157
2815846972Moses and PassoverTo celebrate the day the Jews were led out of Egypt and into their land by Moses158
2815851058David and SolomonDavid the greatest king of Jews; Solomon wisest king on earth159
2815866020Jewish diasporaDispersion of Jewish people around the world160
2815870145VedismCounted among the four Hindu religious scriptures known as the Vedas161
2815893930HinduismEncompasses many religious traditions that widely vary by culture, as well as many diverse beliefs and sects162
2815897256SamsaraTransmigration of soul from one body to the next163
2815898886KarmaLaw behind reincarnation164
2815899347DharmaCosmic ethnics165
2815899705Laws of ManuWork of Hindu law and ancient Indian society166
2815904948Four noble truthsFundamental insight which led to the formation of the Buddhist philosophy167
2815952024Eightfold pathWay to cessation of suffering the forth part of the four noble truths168
2815957812Sidd hartha GautamaBuddha, founder of Buddhism169
2815964766NirvanaNot a place or state, it is an absolute truth to be realized and a person can do so without dying170
2815976010Theravada buddhismBuddha is teacher171
2815977807Mahayana BuddhismBuddha is God172
2815979403DaoismSet of philosophical teachings and religious practices rooted in a specific metaphysical understanding of the Chinese character Tao173
2815982551LaoziFounder/teacher of Taoism174
2815982974AnalectsRecord of speeches by Confucius and his disciples as well as the discussions they held175
2816013492Mandate of heavenBlessing of heaven and that if the king ruled unwisely heaven world not be pleased and give mandate to someone else176
2816019386Judeo- Christian traditionBody of concepts and values which are thought to be held in commonly by Christianity and Judaism177
2816020900Jesus of NazarethSon of God178
2816021533The bible(Old and New Testament )Holy text of Christianity179
2816022446Crucifixion and resurrection(easter)Died on good Friday, resurrected on Easter sunday180
2816023154Peter and paulMain disciples of Jesus, carried on teaching after death181
2816025330Constantine and the fact of MilanOutlawed and killed people practicing Christianity182
2816027781Saint AugustineSaint and the pre-eminent doctor of the church according to Roman Catholic183
2816029644Eastern Orthodox and roman CatholicReflecting its claim to be the preserver of the original Christian traditions as well as those established by the church during the first 1000 years of existence184
2815464728Social stra185

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