Terms : Hide Images
| 2560946839 | Abacus | Ancient Chinese counting device that used rods on which were mounted movable counters | 0 | |
| 2560946840 | Absolute Monarchy | Rule by king or queen whose power is not limited by constitution | 1 | |
| 2560946841 | Afrikaners | South Africans who were descended from the Dutch who settled in South Africa in 17th century | 2 | |
| 2560946842 | Age grade | Age group which children were placed and given responsibilities and privileges suitable for their age and in this manner were prepared for adult responsibilities | 3 | |
| 2560946843 | Agricultural Revolution | Transition from foraging to cultivation of food occurring about 8,000-2,000 B.C.E; also known as Neolithic Revolution | 4 | |
| 2560946844 | Allah Akbar | Arabic word for "God" | 5 | |
| 2560946739 | Alliance for Progress | Program of economic aid for Latin America in exchange for a pledge to,establish democratic institutions | 6 | |
| 2560946702 | Tea ceremony | Ancient Shinto ritual still performed in the traditional Japanese capital of kyoto | 6 | |
| 2560946703 | Tehran conference | 1943 meeting of leaders of the U.S., Great Britain, and Soviet Union; agreed on opening of a second front in France | 7 | |
| 2560946740 | Allied powers | In WWI, the nations of Great Britain, France, Russia, U.S, and others in central powers; WWII group included Great Britain, France, Soviet Union, and U.S. | 7 | |
| 2560946741 | Al-Qaeda | Terrorist group based in Afghanistan in late 20th and 21st centuries | 8 | |
| 2560946704 | Ten Commandments | Moral law of the Hebrews | 8 | |
| 2560946742 | Animism | Belief that spirits inhabit the features of nature | 9 | |
| 2560946705 | Theocracy | Government ruled by God or church leaders | 9 | |
| 2560946743 | Anschluss | German annexation of Austria prior to WWII | 10 | |
| 2560946706 | Tiananmen square | Beijing site of 1989 student protest in favor of democracy | 10 | |
| 2560946744 | Apartheid | South African policy of separation of the races | 11 | |
| 2560946707 | Torah | Diets five books of Jewish scripture | 11 | |
| 2560946745 | Appeasement | Policy of Great Britain and France of making concessions to Hitler in the 1930s | 12 | |
| 2560946708 | Treaty of Brest litovsk | 1918 treaty ending WWI between Germany and Soviet Union | 12 | |
| 2560946709 | Treaty of Nanking (1842) | Treaty ending the opium war that ceded Hong Kong to British | 13 | |
| 2560946746 | Aristocracy | Rule by a privileged hereditary class or nobility | 13 | |
| 2560946710 | Treaty of tordesillas | 1494 treaty which pop divided unexplored territories between Spain and Portugal | 14 | |
| 2560946747 | Artifact | Object made by human hands | 14 | |
| 2560946748 | Artisan | Craftsman | 15 | |
| 2560946711 | Treaty of Versailles | 1919 treaty between Germany and allied nations; Germany took blame for the war and assessed heaven reparations | 15 | |
| 2560946712 | Triangular trade | 18th century trade network between Europe, Africa mad the Americas | 16 | |
| 2560946749 | Astrolabe | Navigational instrument used to determine latitude by measuring the position | 16 | |
| 2560946750 | Austronesian | A branch of languages originating in Oceania | 17 | |
| 2560946713 | Tribute | Payment of tax in the form of goods and labor by subject peoples | 17 | |
| 2560946714 | Truman doctrine | 1947 statement by U.S. President Truman that pledged to aid to any nation resisting communism | 18 | |
| 2560946751 | Ayatollah | Traditional Muslim religious ruler | 18 | |
| 2560946715 | Twelve tables | Codification of roman law during the republic | 19 | |
| 2560946752 | Ayllus | In Incan society, a clan or community that worked together on projects required by the ruler | 19 | |
| 2560946753 | Bakufu | A military government established in Japan after the Gempei Wars; emperor was figure head and real power was in military, including samurai | 20 | |
| 2560946716 | Umma | Community of all Muslim believers | 20 | |
| 2560946754 | Bantu-speaking peoples | Name given to a group of sub-Saharan African peoples whose migrations altered the society of sub-Saharan Africa | 21 | |
| 2560946717 | United Nations | International organization founded in 1945 to establish peace and cooperation among nations | 21 | |
| 2560946755 | Battle of Tours | The 732 battle that halted the advance of Muslim armies into Europe at a point in northern France | 22 | |
| 2560946718 | Universal make suffrage | The right of all males within a given society to vote | 22 | |
| 2560946756 | Benefice | In medieval Europe, a grant of land or other privilege to a vassal | 23 | |
| 2560946719 | Untouchables | Social division in Hindu society that fell in ranch below caste system; occupied by those who carried out undesirable occupations such as undertaking, butchering, and waste collection | 23 | |
| 2560946943 | Estates-General | The traditional legislative body of France | 23 | |
| 2560946944 | Euro | Standard currency introduced and adopted by majority of members in the European Union in January 2002 | 24 | |
| 2560946757 | Berlin Conference (1884-1885) | Meeting of European imperialist powers to divide Africa among them | 24 | |
| 2560946720 | Varna | Caste in Hindu caste system | 24 | |
| 2560946758 | Black Death | The European name for the outbreak of the bubonic plague that spread across Asia, Europe, and North Africa in the fourteenth century | 25 | |
| 2560946945 | European Union | Organization designed to reduce trade barriers and promote economic unity in Europe;formed in 1993 to replace European Community | 25 | |
| 2560946721 | Vassal | In medieval Europe, a person who pledged military or other service to a lord in exchange for a gift of land or other privilege | 25 | |
| 2560946759 | Bodhisattvas | Buddhist holy men who accumulated spiritual merits during their lifetime | 26 | |
| 2560946946 | Evangelical | Pertaining to preaching the Gospel or pertaining to theologically conservative Christians | 26 | |
| 2560946722 | Vedas | Oral hymns to the Aryan deities, later written down, that formed the basis of the Hindu beliefs during Vedic Age (1500-500) b.c.e | 26 | |
| 2560946723 | Viceroyalty | Political unit ruled by a viceroy that was the basis of organization of the Spanish colonies | 27 | |
| 2560946760 | Boers | South Africans of Dutch descent | 27 | |
| 2560946947 | Excommunication | Practice of the Roman Catholic and other Christian churches of prohibiting participation in the sacraments to those who don't comply with church teachings or practices | 27 | |
| 2560946724 | Wahhabi rebellion | Early | 28 | |
| 2560946948 | Extraterritoriality | Right of foreigners to live under the laws of their home country rather than those of the host country | 28 | |
| 2560946761 | Boer war (1899-1902) | War between the British and Dutch over Dutch independence in South Africa; British win | 28 | |
| 2560946845 | Glasnost | 1985 policy of Mikhail Gobachev that allowed openness of expression of ideas in the soviet union | 29 | |
| 2560946949 | Factor | An agent with trade privileges in early russia | 29 | |
| 2560946762 | Bourgeoisie | In France, the class of merchants and artisans who were members of the Third Estate and initiators of the French Revolution | 29 | |
| 2560946846 | Glorious Revolution | Bloodless overthrow of English king James I and the placement of William and Mary on the English throne | 30 | |
| 2560946763 | Boxer Rebellion (1898) | Revolt against foreign residents of China | 30 | |
| 2560946950 | Fascism | Political movement that is characterized by extreme nationalism, one party rule, and denial of individual rights | 30 | |
| 2560946764 | Boyars | Russian nobility | 31 | |
| 2560946847 | Gold standard | A monetary system in which currency is backed up by a specific amount of gold | 31 | |
| 2560946951 | Feminism | Movement to active women's rights | 31 | |
| 2560946952 | Feudalism | A political, economic, and social system based on the relationship between lord and vassal in order to provide protection | 32 | |
| 2560946848 | Gothic architecture | Architecture of 12th century Europe, featuring stained glass windows, flying buttresses, tall spires, and pointed arches | 32 | |
| 2560946765 | Brahmin | A member of the social class of priests in Aryan society | 32 | |
| 2560946953 | Fief | In medieval Europe. A grant of land given in exchange for military or other services | 33 | |
| 2560946766 | Brinkmanship | The Cold War policy of the Soviet Union and the United States of threatening to go to war at a sign of aggression on the part of either power | 33 | |
| 2560946849 | Gran Colombia | Temporary union of the northern portion of South America after the independence movements led by Simón Bolívar | 33 | |
| 2560946850 | Great Depression | Severe worldwide economic downturn that began in the late 1920s and continued into the 1930s throughout many regions of the world | 34 | |
| 2560946767 | British Commonwealth | Political community consisting of the United Kingdom, its dependencies, and former colonies of Great Britain that are now sovereign nations | 34 | |
| 2560946954 | Filial piety | In China, respect for one's parents and other elders | 34 | |
| 2560946768 | Bushi | Regional military leaders in Japan who ruled small kingdoms from fortresses | 35 | |
| 2560946851 | Great Leap Forward | Disastrous economic policy introduced by Mao Zedong that proposed the implementation of small scale industrial projects on individual peasant communes | 35 | |
| 2560946955 | Five Pillars | Five practices required of Muslims: faith, prayer, almsgiving, fasting, and pilgrimage | 35 | |
| 2560946956 | Five year plans | Plans for industrial revolution first introduced to the Soviet Union in 1928 by Stalin;succeeded making Soviet Union industrial power by end of 1930s | 36 | |
| 2560946852 | Green Revolution | Program of improved irrigation methods and the introduction of high-yield seeds and fertilizers and pesticides to improve agricultural production; successful in Asia and also used in Latin America | 36 | |
| 2560946769 | Bushido | Code of honor of the samurai of Japan | 36 | |
| 2560946770 | Caliph | The chief Muslim political and religious leader | 37 | |
| 2560946957 | Footbinding | In China, a method of breaking and binding women's feet; sign of beauty and social position | 37 | |
| 2560946853 | Griots | Storytellers of sub-Saharan Africa who carried on oral traditions and histories | 37 | |
| 2560946854 | Guano | Bird droppings used as fertilizer; a major trade item of Peru in the late 19th century | 38 | |
| 2560946958 | Foraging | Term for hunting and gathering | 38 | |
| 2560946771 | Calpulli | Aztec clans that supplied labor and warriors to leaders | 38 | |
| 2560946772 | Capital | The money and equipment needed to engage in industrialization | 39 | |
| 2560946855 | Guest workers | Workers form North America and Asia who migrated to Europe during the late 19th century in search of employment | 39 | |
| 2560946959 | Fundamentalism | Return to traditional religious beliefs and practices | 39 | |
| 2560946773 | capitalism | An economic system based on private ownership and opportunity for profit making | 40 | |
| 2560946856 | Guomindang | China's nationalist political party founded by Sun Yat-seem in 1912 and based on democratic principles | 40 | |
| 2560946960 | Geneva Conference | 1954 conference that divided Vietnam at the 17th parallel | 40 | |
| 2560946961 | Genocide | The systematic killing of an entire ethic group | 41 | |
| 2560946774 | Caravel | A small, easily steerable ship used by the Portuguese and in their explorations | 41 | |
| 2560946857 | Hadith | Collection of sayings and deeds of Muhammad | 41 | |
| 2560946775 | Cartels | Unions of independent businesses in order to regulate production, prices, and the marketing of goods | 42 | |
| 2560946858 | Hajj | Pilgrimage to the ka'aba in Mecca required once every Mulsim who was not limited by health or financial restrictions | 42 | |
| 2560946962 | Geocentric theory | Belief held by many before the scientific revolution that the earth is the center of the universe | 42 | |
| 2560946963 | Parliament | Representative assembly | 43 | |
| 2560946776 | Catholic Reformation (Counter-Reformation) | Religious reform movement within the Roman Catholic Church that occurred in response to Protestant Reformation. Reaffirmed Catholic beliefs and promoted education | 43 | |
| 2560946859 | Harem | Household of wives and concubines in Middle East, Africa, or Asia | 43 | |
| 2560946964 | Parliamentary monarchy | Government with a king or queen whose power is limited by power of a parliament | 44 | |
| 2560946860 | Heliocentric theory | Concept that the sun is the center of the universe | 44 | |
| 2560946777 | Central powers | WWI, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire, who fought against allies | 44 | |
| 2560946965 | Pastoralism | Practice of herding | 45 | |
| 2560946861 | Hellenistic age | Era (c. 323-30 b.c.e) which Greek culture blended with Persian and other eastern influences spread throughout the former empire of Alexander the Great | 45 | |
| 2560946778 | Chinampas | Platforms of twisted vines and mud that served the Aztecs as floating gardens and extended agricultural land | 45 | |
| 2560946779 | Chivalry | Knight's code of honor in medieval Europe | 46 | |
| 2560946862 | Helsinki accords | 1975 political and human rights agreement signed in Helsinki, Finland, by Western European counties and the Soviet Union | 46 | |
| 2560946966 | Patriarchal | Social system where father is head of the family | 46 | |
| 2560946780 | Civilization | Cultural group with advanced cities, complex institutions, skilled workers, advanced technology, and system of record keeping | 47 | |
| 2560946863 | Hieroglyphics | System of picture writing used in Egypt | 47 | |
| 2560946967 | Pax Romana | Roman peace; period of prosperity and stability through Roman Empire in first 2 centuries | 47 | |
| 2560946781 | Climate | Pattern of temperature and precipitation over a period of time | 48 | |
| 2560946864 | Hijrah | Flight of Muhammad from Mecca to medina | 48 | |
| 2560946968 | Peninsulares | People who were born in Europe in Spanish colonies | 48 | |
| 2560946782 | Coalition | Government based on temporary alliances of several political parties | 49 | |
| 2560946969 | People of the book | Term applied by Islamic governments to Muslims, Christians, and Jews in reference that all have a holy book | 49 | |
| 2560946865 | Holocaust | Nazi program during WWII that killed 6 million Jews and other groups considered undesirable | 49 | |
| 2560946783 | Code Napoleon | Collection of laws that standardized French law under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte | 50 | |
| 2560946970 | Perestroika | Restructuring of the soviet economy to allow some local decision making | 50 | |
| 2560946866 | Imperialism | Establishment of colonial empires | 50 | |
| 2560946784 | Cold war | Tense diplomatic relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union after WWII | 51 | |
| 2560946971 | Persian Gulf war | 1991 war between Iraq and U.S. Led coalition to librate Kuwait | 51 | |
| 2560946867 | Import substitution industrialization | Economic system that attempts to strengthen a country's industrial power by restricting foreign imports | 51 | |
| 2560946972 | Perspective | Artistic technique commonly used in Renaissance painting that gave a 3D appearance | 52 | |
| 2560946868 | Inca | Ruler of the Quechua people of the west coast if South America | 52 | |
| 2560946785 | Collectivization | Combination of several small farms into a large government controlled farm | 52 | |
| 2560946786 | Colombian Exchange | Exchange of food crops, livestock, and disease between the eastern and Western Hemispheres after the voyages of Columbus | 53 | |
| 2560946973 | Polis | Greek city state | 53 | |
| 2560946869 | Indentured servitude | Practice of contracting with a master to provide labor for a specified period of years in exchange for passage and living expenses | 53 | |
| 2560946870 | Indian national congress | Political party that became leader of the Indian nationalist movement | 54 | |
| 2560946787 | Commercial Revolution | Expansion of trade and commerce in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries | 54 | |
| 2560946974 | Polytheism | Belief in many gods | 54 | |
| 2560946788 | Communism | Economic system in which the state controls the means of production | 55 | |
| 2560946975 | Pope | Head of the Roman Catholic Church | 55 | |
| 2560946871 | Indo-Europeans | Group of seminomadic peoples who around 2000 b.c.e began to migrate form Asia to India, Europe to Middle East | 55 | |
| 2560946872 | Indulgence | Document whose purchase was said to grant the bearer the forgiveness of sins | 56 | |
| 2560946976 | Potsdam conference | 1945 meeting of the leaders of Great Britain, U.S., and the Soviet Union in which agreed Soviet Union would be given control of Eastern Europe and Germany would be divided into zones of occupation | 56 | |
| 2560946789 | Conscription | Military draft | 56 | |
| 2560946977 | Prague spring | 1968 program of reform to soften socialism in Czechoslovakia | 57 | |
| 2560946873 | Industrial revolution | Transition between domestic system of manufacturing and the mechanization of production in a factory setting | 57 | |
| 2560946790 | Conservatism | In 19th century Europe, a movement that supported monarchies, aristocracies, and state-established churches | 57 | |
| 2560946791 | Containment | Cold War policy of the United States whose purpose was to prevent the spread of communism | 58 | |
| 2560946874 | International Monetary Fund | International organization founded in 1933 to promote market economies and free trade | 58 | |
| 2560946978 | Predestination | Belief of Protestant reformer John Calvin that God had chosen some people for heaven and others for hell | 58 | |
| 2560946979 | Proletariat | Class of workers in an industrial society, in Marxist theory | 59 | |
| 2560946792 | Cossacks | Russians who conquered and settled Siberia in the 16th and 17th centuries | 59 | |
| 2560946875 | International space station | Vehicles sponsored by 16 nations that circles the earth whole carrying out experiments | 59 | |
| 2560946980 | Protestant reformation | Religious movement begun by Martin Luther in 1517 attempted to reform the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church | 60 | |
| 2560946876 | Investiture | Authority claimed by monarchs to appoint church officials | 60 | |
| 2560946793 | Covenant | Agreement; in the judeo-Christian heritage, an agreement between God and humankind | 60 | |
| 2560946981 | Purdah | Hindu custom of secluding women | 61 | |
| 2560946877 | Jacobins | Extreme radicals during the French Revolution | 61 | |
| 2560946794 | Criollos (Creoles) | Term used in colonial Spanish America to describe a person born in the Americas of European parents | 61 | |
| 2560946982 | Purges | Joseph Stalin's policy of exiling or killing million of his opponents in the Soviet Union | 62 | |
| 2560946878 | Janissaries | Members of the ottoman army, often slaves, who were taken to Christian lands | 62 | |
| 2560946795 | Cubism | A school of art in which persons and objects are represented by geometric forms | 62 | |
| 2560946983 | Quechua | Andean society also known as the inca | 63 | |
| 2560946879 | Jati | One of many subcastes in the Hindu caste system | 63 | |
| 2560946796 | Cultural Diffusion | Transmission of ideas and products from one culture to another | 63 | |
| 2560946984 | Quipus | System of knotted cords of different story sixes and colors used by the incas for keeping records | 64 | |
| 2560946880 | Jesuits | Members of the society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic missionary and educational order founded by Ignatius of Loyola in 1534 | 64 | |
| 2560946797 | Cultural Revolution | A Chinese movement from 1966 to 1976 intended to establish an egalitarian society of peasants and workers | 64 | |
| 2560946985 | Quran | Holy book of Islam | 65 | |
| 2560946798 | Cuneiform | System of writing originating in Mesopotamia in which a wedge-shaped stylus was used to press symbols into clay | 65 | |
| 2560946881 | Jihad | Islamic holy war | 65 | |
| 2560946799 | Daimyo | A Japanese feudal lord in charge of an army of samurai | 66 | |
| 2560946986 | Radicalism | Western European political philosophy during the 19th century | 66 | |
| 2560946882 | Junks | Large Chinese sailing ships especially designed for long distance travel during tang and song dynasties | 66 | |
| 2560946987 | Ramadan | Holy month of islands which commemorates appearance of the angel Gabriel to Muhammad | 67 | |
| 2560946883 | Ka'aba | Black stone or meteorite that became the most revered shrine in Arabia before the introduction of Islam | 67 | |
| 2560946800 | Dar al-Islam | House of Islam; a term representing the political and religious unity of the various Islamic groups | 67 | |
| 2560946988 | Reconquista | Recapture of Muslim held lands in Spain by Christian dorces | 68 | |
| 2560946884 | Kabuki theater | Form of Japanese theater developed in the 17th century that features colorful scenery and costumes | 68 | |
| 2560946801 | Declaration of the Rights of Man | Statement of political rights adopted by the French National Assembly during the French Revolution | 68 | |
| 2560946989 | Red guard | Militia of young Chinese people who organized to carry out Mao Zedong's cultural revolution | 69 | |
| 2560946885 | Kamikaze | "Divine wind" credited by the Japanese with preventing the Mongol invasion of Japan during 13th century | 69 | |
| 2560946802 | Declaration of the rights of women | Statement of the rights of women written by Olympe de Gouge in response to the declaration of the rights of man | 69 | |
| 2560946990 | Reign of terror (1793-1794) | Period of most extreme violence during the French Revolution | 70 | |
| 2560946803 | Deism | Concept of God common to the scientific revolution; deity was believed to have set the world in motion and then allowed it to operate by natural laws | 70 | |
| 2560946886 | Karma | Good or evil deeds done by a person in Hindu tradition | 70 | |
| 2560946804 | Democracy | Political system in which the people rule | 71 | |
| 2560946991 | Reincarnation | Rebirth; belief of both Buddhism and Hinduism | 71 | |
| 2560946887 | Khan | Mongol ruler | 71 | |
| 2560946805 | Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | Blueprint of heredity | 72 | |
| 2560946888 | Kowtow | Ritualistic bow practiced in the Chinese court | 72 | |
| 2560946992 | Renaissance | Revival of learning in Europe beginning about 1300 and continued to 1600 | 72 | |
| 2560946889 | Kulaks | Russian peasants who became wealthy under Lenin's New Economic Policy | 73 | |
| 2560946806 | Devshirme | Practice of the Ottoman Empire to take Christian boys from their home communities to serve as janissaries | 73 | |
| 2560946993 | Reparations | Payment of war debts by the losing side | 73 | |
| 2560946994 | Repartamiento | Replacement for encomienda system that limited working hours and provided fair wages | 74 | |
| 2560946807 | Dharma | Position in the Hindu caste system that was determined by ones birth | 74 | |
| 2560946890 | Laissez-faire economics | Economic concept that holds that the government should not interfere with or regulate businesses and industries | 74 | |
| 2560946995 | Revolution of 1848 | Democratic and nationalistic revolutions, most of them unsuccessful that swept through Europe | 75 | |
| 2560946808 | Diaspora | Exile of an ethic or racial group from their homeland | 75 | |
| 2560946891 | Lateen sail | Triangular sail attached to a short mast | 75 | |
| 2560946892 | Latifundia | Large landholdings in the Roman Empire | 76 | |
| 2560946809 | Divine right | Belief of absolute rulers that their right to govern is granted by god | 76 | |
| 2560946996 | Romanticism | Literary and artistic movement in 19th century Europe; emotion over reason | 76 | |
| 2560946997 | Russification | Tsarist program that required non Russians to speak only Russian and provided education only for groups loyal to Russia | 77 | |
| 2560946810 | Domestic system | Manufacturing method in which stages of the manufacturing process are carried out in private homes rather than a factory setting | 77 | |
| 2560946893 | League of Nations | International organization founded after WWI to promote peace and cooperation among nations | 77 | |
| 2560946811 | Duma | Russian parliament | 78 | |
| 2560946894 | Liberalism | Enlightenment philosophy that favored civil rights, the protection of private property, and representative government | 78 | |
| 2560946998 | Russo-Japanese war (1904-1905) | War between Japan and Russia over Manchurian territory | 78 | |
| 2560946895 | Liberation theology | Religious belief that emphasize social justice for victims or poverty and oppression | 79 | |
| 2560946812 | Dutch learning | Western learning embraced by some Japanese in the 18th century | 79 | |
| 2560946999 | Samurai | Military class of feudal Japan | 79 | |
| 2560946896 | Limited liability corporation (LLC) | Business organization in which the owners have limited personal legal responsibility for Denys and actions of the business | 80 | |
| 2560947000 | Sandinistas | Left wing group that overthrew the dictatorship of Nicaraguan Anastacio Somoza in 1979 | 80 | |
| 2560946813 | Dynasty | Series of rulers from the same family | 80 | |
| 2560946814 | Economic imperialism | Control of a country's economy by the businesses of another nation | 81 | |
| 2560946897 | Magna Carta | Document written in England in 1215 that granted certain rights to nobles then later extended to all classes | 81 | |
| 2560947001 | Sati | Custom among higher up castes of Hinduism of a widow throwing herself on the burning funeral pyre of her husband | 81 | |
| 2560946815 | Economic liberalism | Economic philosophy that government intervention in and regulation of Economy should be minimal | 82 | |
| 2560946898 | Malay sailors | Southeast Asian sailors who traveled the Indian Ocean by 500 c.e they colonized Madagascar | 82 | |
| 2560947002 | Scholar gentry | Chinese class of well educated men from whom many of the bureaucrats were chosen | 82 | |
| 2560946899 | Mamluks | Turkic military slaves who formed part of the army of the Abbasid caliphate in the 9th and 10th centuries | 83 | |
| 2560947003 | Scientific revolution | European intellectual movement in the 17th century that established the basis for modern science | 83 | |
| 2560946816 | Edict of Milan | Document that made Christianity one of the religions allowed in the roman empire | 83 | |
| 2560947004 | Second industrial revolution | Phase of the industrial revolution beginning about 1859 that applied the use of electricity and steel | 84 | |
| 2560946817 | Empirical research | Research based on the collection of data | 84 | |
| 2560946900 | Machus | Peoples from northeastern asia who founded China's Qing dynasty | 84 | |
| 2560946901 | Mandate | Type of colony in which the government is overseen by another nation | 85 | |
| 2560947005 | Self strengthening movement | Late 19th century movement in which the Chinese modernized their army and encouraged western investment in factories and railways | 85 | |
| 2560946818 | Enclosure movement | Fencing of pasture land in England beginning prior to industrial revolution | 85 | |
| 2560946902 | Mandate of Heaven | Concept developed but the Zhou dynasty that the deity granted a dynasty the right to rule and took that away that right if the dynasty didn't rule wisely | 86 | |
| 2560947006 | Separation of powers | Division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government | 86 | |
| 2560946819 | Encomienda | Practice in Spanish colonies that granted land and labor of Native Americans on that land to European colonists | 86 | |
| 2560947007 | Sepoy Rebellion (1857) | Revolt of Indian solders against British | 87 | |
| 2560946903 | Manorialism | System if self sufficient estates that arose in medieval Europe | 87 | |
| 2560946820 | Enlightenment | Philosophical movement in 18th century Europe that was based on reason and concept that education and training could improve humankind and society | 87 | |
| 2560946821 | Entrepreneurship | Ability to combine factors of land, labor, and capital to create factory production | 88 | |
| 2560946904 | Maori | Member of a Polynesian group that settled in New Zealand about 800 c.e. | 88 | |
| 2560947008 | Sepoys | South Asian soldiers who served in the British army in India | 88 | |
| 2560946822 | Estates | The divisions of society in pre-Revolutionary France | 89 | |
| 2560947009 | Serf | A peasant who is bound to the land he or she works | 89 | |
| 2560946905 | Maroon societies | Runaway slave sin the Caribbean who established their own communities to resist slavery and colonial authorities | 89 | |
| 2560947010 | Service industries | Occupations that provided a service rather than a manufactured or agricultural product | 90 | |
| 2560946906 | Marshall plan | U.S. Plan to support the recovery and reconstruction of Western Europe after WWII | 90 | |
| 2560947011 | Seven years' war (1756-1763) | Conflict fought in Europe and its overseas colonies; in North America known as French and Indian war | 91 | |
| 2560946907 | Mass consumerism | Trade in products designed to appeal to a global market | 91 | |
| 2560946908 | Matrilineal | Social system in which descent and inheritance are traced through the mother | 92 | |
| 2560947012 | Shamanism | Belief in powerful natural spirits that are influenced by shamans or priests | 92 | |
| 2560947013 | Shariah | The body of law that governs Muslim society | 93 | |
| 2560946909 | May fourth movement | 1919 protest in China against Treaty of Versailles and foreign influence | 93 | |
| 2560947014 | Shi'ite | Branch of Islam that holds that the lease is Islam must be descendant of Muhammad | 94 | |
| 2560946910 | Medieval | Middle Ages of European history | 94 | |
| 2560947015 | Shinto | Traditional Japanese religion based on veneration of ancestors and spirits of nature | 95 | |
| 2560946911 | Meiji restoration | Restoration of the Meiji emperor in Japan in 1868 that began a program of industrialization and centralization of Japan | 95 | |
| 2560946912 | Mercantilism | European economic policy of the 16th through the 18th centuries that held that there was a limited amount of wealth available | 96 | |
| 2560947016 | Shogun | Military leaders under the bakufu | 96 | |
| 2560947017 | Shogunate | Rule of the shoguns | 97 | |
| 2560946913 | Mestizos | Persons of mixed European and Indian descent in Spanish colonies | 97 | |
| 2560947018 | Silk roads | Caravan routes and sea lanes between China and the Middle East | 98 | |
| 2560946914 | Metropolitan | Head of Eastern Orthodox Church | 98 | |
| 2560947019 | Six day war | Brief war between Israel and number of Arab states in 1967 | 99 | |
| 2560946915 | Mexica | Name given to themselves by the Aztec people | 99 | |
| 2560947020 | Slash and burn cultivation | Agricultural method in which farmers clear fields by cutting burning trees and ashes as fertilizer | 100 | |
| 2560946916 | Middle Ages | Period of European history traditionally given as 500-1500 | 100 | |
| 2560946917 | Middle Kingdom | Term used for rich agricultural lands of the Yangtze River valley under Zhou dynasty | 101 | |
| 2560947021 | Social contract | Enlightenment concept of the agreement made by the people living in a state of nature to give up some of their rights in order for governments to be established | 101 | |
| 2560947022 | Social Darwinism | Application of Darwin's philosophy of natural selection to human society | 102 | |
| 2560946918 | Middle passage | Portion of trans Atlantic trade that involved the passage of Africans from Africa to the Americas | 102 | |
| 2560946919 | Minaret | Tower attached to a mosque from which Muslims are called to worship | 103 | |
| 2560947023 | Socialism | Political movement originating in 19th century Europe | 103 | |
| 2560946920 | Mita | Labor system used by Andean societies in which community members shared work owed to rulers and the religious community | 104 | |
| 2560947024 | Solidarity | Polish trade union that began the nations protest against communist rule | 104 | |
| 2560947025 | Sovereignty | Self rule | 105 | |
| 2560946921 | Moksha | Spirit's liberation form cycle of reincarnation in Hindu belief | 105 | |
| 2560947026 | Spanish American war (1898) | Conflict between U.S and Spain that began the rise of the United States as a world power | 106 | |
| 2560946922 | Mongol peace | Period from about 1259 to 1320 which Mongols ensured safety of Eurasian trade and travel | 106 | |
| 2560946923 | Monotheism | Belief in one God | 107 | |
| 2560947027 | Spanish civil war | Conflict from 1936-1939 that resulted in the installation of fascist dictator Francisco Franco as ruler of Spain | 107 | |
| 2560946823 | Nirvana | State of perfect peace that is the goal of reincarnation in Buddhism | 107 | |
| 2560946824 | Nonalignment | Policy of some developing nations to refrain from aligning themselves with either United States or the soviet Union during the Cold War | 108 | |
| 2560946924 | Monroe Doctrine | Policy issued by U.S. In which it declared the Western Hemisphere wa off limits to colonization by other powers | 108 | |
| 2560947028 | Specialization of labor | The division of labor that aids the development of skills in particular type of work | 108 | |
| 2560946825 | North American free trade agreement (NAFTA) | Organization that prohibits tariffs and other trade barriers between Mexico, the U.S and Canada | 109 | |
| 2560946925 | Monsoon | Seasonal wind | 109 | |
| 2560947029 | Spheres of influence | Divisions of a country in which a particular foreign nation enjoys economic privileges | 109 | |
| 2560946926 | Mosque | House of worship of Islam followers | 110 | |
| 2560947030 | Stateless society | Society that is based on the authority of kinship groups rather than on a central government | 110 | |
| 2560946826 | North Atlantic treaty organization (NATO) | Defense alliance between nations of Western Europe and North America formed in 1949 | 110 | |
| 2560947031 | Steppe | Dry grassland | 111 | |
| 2560946927 | Mughal dynasty | Rulers who controlled most of India in the 16th and 17th centuries | 111 | |
| 2560946827 | Northern renaissance | Extension of the Italian Renaissance to the nations of Northern Europe | 111 | |
| 2560947032 | Steppe diplomacy | Skill of political survival and dominance in the world of steppe nomads | 112 | |
| 2560946928 | Mulato | Spanish and Portuguese colones, person of mixed African and European descent | 112 | |
| 2560946828 | Northwest passage | A passage through the North American continent that was sought by early explorers to North America as route to trade with east | 112 | |
| 2560946929 | Muslim | "One who submits" follower of Islam | 113 | |
| 2560947033 | Stock market | Market where shares are bought and sold | 113 | |
| 2560946829 | No theater | Classical Japanese drama with music and dances performed on a simple stage by elaborately dressed actors | 113 | |
| 2560947034 | Stoicism | Most popular Hellenistic philosophy; involved strict discipline and emphasis on helping others | 114 | |
| 2560946830 | Opium war (1839-1842) | War between Great Britain and China began with the Qing dynasty's refusal to allow continued opium importation into China | 114 | |
| 2560946930 | Mystery religion | Religions that promised their faithful followers eternity in a state of bliss during Hellenistic age | 114 | |
| 2560947035 | Suez Canal | Canal constructed by Egypt across isthmus of sues in 1869 | 115 | |
| 2560946931 | National organization for women (NOW) | U.S. Organization founded in 1969 to campaign for women's rights | 115 | |
| 2560946831 | Oracle bones | Animal bones or shells used by Chinese priests to receive messages from the gods | 115 | |
| 2560946932 | Nation state | Sovereign state whose people share a common culture and National identity | 116 | |
| 2560946832 | Organization of petroleum exporting countries (OPEC) | Formed in 1969 by oil producing countries to regulate oil supplies and prices | 116 | |
| 2560947036 | Sufis | Muslims who attempt to reach Allah through mysticism | 116 | |
| 2560946833 | Ozone depletion | Thinning of the layer of the gas ozone high I'm the earth's atmosphere | 117 | |
| 2560946933 | Natural laws | Principles that govern nature | 117 | |
| 2560947037 | Sultan | Islamic ruler | 117 | |
| 2560946834 | Pan-Slavic movement | Russian attempt to unite all Slavic nations into a commonwealth relationship under the influence of Russia | 118 | |
| 2560946934 | Natural rights | Rights that belong to every person and that no government can take away | 118 | |
| 2560947038 | Sunni | Branch of Islam that believes that the Muslim community should select its leaders | 118 | |
| 2560947039 | Syncretism | Blend of two or more cultures | 119 | |
| 2560946935 | Neo-Confucianism | Philosophy that blended Confucianism with Buddhism thought | 119 | |
| 2560946835 | Parallel descent | In Incan society, descent through both mother and father | 119 | |
| 2560946836 | Pharaoh | Egyptian monarch | 120 | |
| 2560947040 | System of checks and balances | Constitutional system in which watch branch of government places limits on the other branches | 120 | |
| 2560946936 | New deal | U.S. President Roosevelt's program to relieve the economic problems of the Great Depression | 120 | |
| 2560946837 | Philosophes | French enlightenment social philosophers | 121 | |
| 2560947041 | Taiping rebellion (1853-1864) | Revolt in southern China against Qing wmoire | 121 | |
| 2560946937 | New economic policy (NEP) | Lenin's policy that allowed some private ownership and limits foreign investment to revitalize the soviet economy | 121 | |
| 2560946838 | Pogrom | Violence against Jews in tsarist Russia | 122 | |
| 2560946938 | New Testament | Portion of the Christian bible that contains the gospels that relate the account of the life of Jesus | 122 | |
| 2560947042 | Tanzimet reforms | 19th century reforms by ottoman rulers designed to make government and military more efficient | 122 |
