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| 2060545349 | Caliph | a political and a religious leader who is a successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammed. His power and authority is absolute | 0 | |
| 2060610004 | Sunni | held that caliphs were rightful political and military leaders selected by Islamic comunity | 1 | |
| 2060612565 | Shia | adherents felt strongly that leadership in Islamic world should derive from lines of Ali, blood relatives of Muhammed | 2 | |
| 2060617633 | Umma | just and moral society of Islam, community of all believers | 3 | |
| 2060622555 | Ulama | religious scholars | 4 | |
| 2060631140 | Imams | religious authority | 5 | |
| 2060632265 | Dhimmis "people of the book" | indigenous non-Muslim populations, permitted to practice own religion only if they pay Jizya tax | 6 | |
| 2060640278 | Jizya tax | people were permitted to practice own religion only if they paid a special tax | 7 | |
| 2060656090 | Abu Bakr | ... | 8 |
