Intellectual Vocabulary Chapters 1-17, Stearns Textbook
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| 16974640 | Hunting and Gathering | Meathod of collecting food in the Paelelithic Era. Berries and plants harvested for food and medicine. Animals hunted for food, skins and bones. | 0 | |
| 16974641 | Homo Sapiens Sapiens | A breed of human that originated in Africa 120,000 years ago. | 1 | |
| 16974642 | Mesolithic Age | Middle Stone Age. Span of 12,000 to 8,000 BCE. Stone weaponry became mainstream. | 2 | |
| 16974643 | Neolithic Age/Revolution | New Stone Age. Civilizations, cities, and agriculture sprang up. | 3 | |
| 16974644 | Sedentary Agriculture | Planting seeds and harvesting them regularly. Began in the Neolithic. | 4 | |
| 16974645 | Animal Domesticity | Began in the Middle East and Asia. Had occured by 9000. Pigs, sheep, goats and cattle were raised. | 5 | |
| 16974646 | Surplus | Excess goods caused by agriculture. groups of people could live together. | 6 | |
| 16974647 | Specialized jobs | some people, instead of being farmers, could develop iron and metal tools and work to improve them as their job. | 7 | |
| 16974648 | pastoral nomadism | tribes that moved with the animals | 8 | |
| 16974649 | civilization | comes from greek word meaning city. most had writing, government and unity. | 9 | |
| 16974650 | metallurgy | metal tools. discovered 4000. Was totally mainstream by 3000. | 10 | |
| 16974651 | catal huyuk | large villiage founded around 7000. located in south of turkey. was 32 acres. | 11 | |
| 16974652 | mesopotamia | 1st civ. founded in valley of tigris-euphrates. was very advanced, developed from scratch. | 12 | |
| 16974653 | egypt | located along the nile river in northern africa. founded 3000, benifited from technology of mesopotamia. wasnt open to invasion. collaped 1000. | 13 | |
| 16974654 | indus river valley | sprand up 2500. had several large cities. had trading contacts with mesopotamia but mostly kept isolated. modern day india. | 14 | |
| 16974655 | northern china | civs along yellow river. isolated due to geographic location. legendary ruler p'an ku. by 1500, shangs ruled | 15 | |
| 16974656 | judaism | semitic people influenced by babylonia. settled near the mediteranian in 12000. 1st monotheistic. you cant convert | 16 | |
| 16974657 | iron tools | xtremly popular for farming. took the place of stone | 17 | |
| 16974658 | zhou | 1029-258. chinese dynasty. opperated through alliances. heightend focas on the central gov. | 18 | |
| 16974659 | qin han | chinese dynasty, ended with emporers death in 210. built great wall | 19 | |
| 16974660 | confucious | Known to the Chinese as the First Teacher (551-479 B.C.) whose interest in philosophy was political and ethical, not spiritual | 20 | |
| 16974661 | great wall | built by shih huangdi, extends over 3000 miles, eide enough for chariots. biggest construction project ever. | 21 | |
| 16974662 | wu ti | most famous han ruler. 140-87. supported confucionism. | 22 | |
| 16974663 | central gov | where the gov isnt run by city states, but opperates as one. | 23 | |
| 16974664 | professional buerocracy | your trade is being government. | 24 | |
| 16974665 | confucianism | the teachings of Confucius emphasizing love for humanity | 25 | |
| 16974666 | leaglism | hated confuscianists. wanted to rule through force. thought nature sucked. | 26 | |
| 16974667 | daoism | philosophical system developed by of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events | 27 | |
| 16974668 | lao-zi | 6th century BC Chinese philosopher:reputed founder of Taoism | 28 | |
| 16974669 | aryans | Conquered Indus River Valley & Ganges Plain | 29 | |
| 16974670 | caste system | a social structure in which classes are determined by heredity | 30 | |
| 16974671 | vedas | aryans holiest books (writtin in Sanskrit) | 31 | |
| 16974672 | mahabrarata | greatest epic poem of india. developed 1000-600 | 32 | |
| 16974673 | ramayand | another epic poem, about battles. | 33 | |
| 16974674 | upanishads | more poems, but with mystical-religious flavoring. | 34 | |
| 16974675 | gupta | a dynasty of N India (a.d. 320-540) whose court was the center of classical Indian art and literature. annnnnd under which the arts flourished and a unified code of laws was promulgated. | 35 | |
| 16974676 | chandragupta maurya | young soldier siezed control and stared the mauryans in 322. | 36 | |
| 16974677 | ashoka | chandraguptas grandson. 269-232, unified india. | 37 | |
| 16974678 | buddhism | the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth | 38 | |
| 16974679 | dharma | moral law. stresses inner study and meditation. you build divine essense. | 39 | |
| 16974680 | siddhartha gautama | ca. 563-483 B.C.E. IS BUDDHA. born a prince. | 40 | |
| 16974681 | cyrus the great | king of Persia and founder of the Persian empire (circa 600-529 BC) | 41 | |
| 16974682 | zoroastrianism | system of religion founded in Persia in the 6th century BC by Zoroaster | 42 | |
| 16974683 | city-state | a city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside | 43 | |
| 16974684 | pericles | Athenian statesman. He was the central ruler of Athens during its golden age. He was the central patron behind many of their achievements. He was also a very skilled speaker. tried to stop peloponesian wars | 44 | |
| 16974685 | peloponesian wars | 431-404. athens vs. sparta fought for greece | 45 | |
| 16974686 | sparta | city that won the peloponesian war | 46 | |
| 16974687 | alex the great | phillip of macedonias son. super great conquerer. died age 33 | 47 | |
| 16974688 | hellenistic | relating to or characteristic of the classical Greek civilization | 48 | |
| 16974689 | roman empire | 550-476 | 49 | |
| 16974690 | punic wars | 3 wars. 264-146. romans vs phonecians. general was hannibal | 50 | |
| 16974691 | carthage | phoenician city, site of great battle | 51 | |
| 16974692 | diocletian | He was a general that became emperor in A.D. 284, introduced reforms | 52 | |
| 16975911 | socrates | born 469 in athens. encouraged people to question conventional wisdom | 53 | |
| 16975912 | plato | scorates' pupil. 3 perfect forms: true, good, beautiful | 54 | |
| 16975913 | aristotle | philosopher. supported slavery | 55 | |
| 16975914 | kush | est 1000. indie nation along upper nile. briefly conquered egypt | 56 | |
| 16975915 | axum | beat kush | 57 | |
| 16975916 | ethiopia | beath axum | 58 | |
| 16975917 | olmes | 1st america civ | 59 | |
| 16975918 | maya | 2nd america civ | 60 | |
| 16975919 | aztecs | 3rd american civ | 61 | |
| 16975920 | hun | nomadic warriors responsible for fall of rome | 62 | |
| 16975921 | sui | briefly ruled china | 63 | |
| 16975922 | tang | the imperial dynasty of China from 618 to 907 | 64 | |
| 16975923 | bedouins | nomadic peoples. direct translation. from middle east. | 65 | |
| 16975924 | mecca | City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion. (p. 230) | 66 | |
| 16975925 | medina | "city of the prophet" | 67 | |
| 16975926 | muhammed | in 1610, got message from allah to write the Koran | 68 | |
| 16975927 | five pillars | 5 basic beliefs : Allah is the 1 and only god, Ramadan, giving of alms, praying 5 times a day, hajj | 69 | |
| 16975928 | abu bakar | muhammeds bff. caliph 632-634. | 70 | |
| 16975929 | umma | 'community of the faithful". muslim bonding. | 71 | |
| 16975930 | ali | the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites | 72 | |
| 16975931 | umayyad | muhammeds clan. didnt want ali to rule | 73 | |
| 16975932 | sunnis | backed the umayyyads. | 74 | |
| 16975933 | shia | backed ali | 75 | |
| 16975934 | mawali | muslim converts. not as good as the originals. | 76 | |
| 16975935 | bhagdad | new capital of iraq | 77 | |
| 16975936 | dhow | ships with triangle shaped sails | 78 | |
| 16975937 | caliphate | leader of muslims | 79 | |
| 16975938 | buyids | persian invaders who invaded abbasid empire and captured bhagdad | 80 | |
| 16975939 | seljuk turks | group of nomads helped invade persia | 81 | |
| 16975940 | christian crusades | knights from west europe. wnated holy land from muslims. | 82 | |
| 16975941 | persian | a very fertile land in the middle east. site of holy land. | 83 | |
| 16975942 | Muhammad the Great | Extended the boundaries of the songyhay empire; Islamic rules of the 16th c. | 84 | |
| 16975943 | Hausa | combined muslin and pagan traditions, emerged following the demise of the songhay among the peoples or northern nigeria based on cites such as kano. | 85 | |
| 16975944 | Hagia Sophia | New church that constructed in Constantinople during the rein of Justinian's. | 86 |
