World History: Patterns of Interaction
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| 1566612881 | Myceneans | Indo-European people who settled the Greek peninsula around 2,000 B.C.E. (these people pre-dated the ancient Greeks) | 0 | |
| 994458069 | Trojan War | A conflict fought around 1,200 B.C.E. in which the Myceneans attacked the city of Troy on the Anotolian Peninsula. (modern day Turkey.) | 1 | |
| 699360694 | Dorians | Population who, according to tradition, ruled the area that is now Greece after the Mycenean civilization was destroyed. | 2 | |
| 870162784 | Homer | Supposed author of the epic Greek poems "Iliad" and the "Odyssey." | 3 | |
| 431714772 | epic poem | Narrative poem (non-rhyming) that celebrates ancient heroic deeds. | 4 | |
| 443888256 | myth | Traditional story about gods, ancestors, or heroes passed down in society to explain customs, beliefs, or the natural world. | 5 | |
| 1768005527 | polis | A Geek city-state. The fundamental political unit in Ancient Greece. | 6 | |
| 1340581604 | acropolis | A fortified area in Ancient Greece, built upon elevated ground, where people would gather. | 7 | |
| 932455168 | monarchy | Government in which the power is in the hands of a single person. (i.e. a king or queen) | 8 | |
| 973021623 | aristocracy | Government ruled by powerful nobles; landowning families who passed on their power through inheritance. | 9 | |
| 1365912300 | oligarchy | Government ruled by a few powerful people. | 10 | |
| 1615675085 | tyrant | In ancient Greece, a powerful person who gained of the government by appealing to the poor for support. | 11 | |
| 1766303204 | democracy | Government ruled by the citizens. | 12 | |
| 425339001 | direct democracy | Government in which citizens decide (by vote or consensus) on laws and actions of the nation themselves without choosing representatives to make policies for them. (i.e. ancient Athens) | 13 | |
| 921062754 | helots | Peasant population near ancient Sparta who were forced to work the land and give Sparta half their crops. (i.e. Spartan slaves) | 14 | |
| 638649098 | phalynx | A tight military formation of foot soldiers armed with shields and spears. | 15 | |
| 1693657294 | Persian Wars | A series of wars in the 5th century B.C.E. in which Greek city-states battled the Persian Empire. (The Battles of Marathon and Thermopylae were legendary.) | 16 | |
| 2153709825 | classical art | Artist expression (sculpture, architecture) from the ancient Greek or Roman periods that portrays ideal beauty by emphasizing harmony, order, balance, proportion instead of realism. | 17 | |
| 2153721505 | tragedy | A serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war, or betrayal. The hero in a Greek tragedy often came to his downfall because of excessive pride. (otherwise known as hubris) | 18 | |
| 2153730880 | comedy | A lighthearted drama often filled with slapstick situations or crude humor. The Greek comedies often poked fun at politics or famous people. | 19 | |
| 2153741300 | Peloponnesian War | A war between Athens (stronger navy) and their allies and Sparta (stronger army) and their allies. (431 - 404 B.C.E.) Athens was severely weakened by a devastating plague and Spartans eventually won. | 20 | |
| 2153754781 | philosopher | One who seeks to understand the laws of the universe through wisdom and logic. | 21 | |
| 2153760250 | Socrates | Ancient Greek philosopher who encouraged his students to examine their beliefs through a series of thought provoking questions and answers. (the Socratic method) He was put on trial for corrupting the youth of Athens and sentenced to die. | 22 | |
| 2153777048 | Plato | Ancient Greek philosopher who studied under Socrates. His most famous work, "The Republic," stated that the perfect society would be ruled by a philosopher-king. | 23 | |
| 2153788142 | Aristotle | Ancient Greek philosopher and student of Plato who problem solving methods later became the basis for the scientific method. | 24 | |
| 2154093217 | Philip II | King of ancient Macedonia who conquered Greece in the 4th century B.C.E. | 25 | |
| 2154093218 | Macedonia | Kingdom located to the north of ancient Greece which took control of the Greek peninsula in 338 B.C.E. | 26 | |
| 2154095797 | Alexander the Great | Son of Philip II. Became king of Macedonia at age 20. By the time he died thirteen years later he had expanded his empire all the way to the Indus River Valley in modern day India. | 27 | |
| 2154095798 | Darius III | Last king of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia. During his reign the Persian Empire was conquered by Alexander the Great. | 28 | |
| 2154100297 | Hellenism | The blending of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian cultures brought about by the conquests of Alexander the Great. | 29 | |
| 2154101081 | Alexandria | Trading center on the western edge of the Nile delta in Egypt. The city was the capitol of Hellenistic culture. | 30 | |
| 2154102924 | Euclid | Mathematician in ancient Alexandria. His book, "Elements," provides the basis for modern geometry. | 31 | |
| 2154102925 | Archemides | The greatest scientist in ancient Alexandria. He used his understanding of geometry and physics to discover the laws of levers and pulleys. | 32 | |
| 2154109809 | Colossus of Rhodes | Bronze statue of the Greek god Helios, over 100 feet tall, which stood watching over the harbor on the island of Rhodes. It was considered to be one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. | 33 |
