Modern World History Patterns of Interaction Chapters P-4
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| 647240112 | monarchy | an autocracy governed by a monarch who usually inherits the authority | |
| 647240113 | oligarchy | form of government in which a few people have the power | |
| 647240114 | aristocracy | A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility | |
| 647240115 | Direct Democracy | A form of government in which citizens rule directly and NOT through representatives | |
| 647240116 | Representation Democracy | A government where people choose a smaller group to represent them, make laws, and govern on their behalf | |
| 647240117 | Lutheran | a member of a Protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther. | |
| 647240118 | Roman Citizen | all people were equal citizens and were expected to do their duty, participate in government, and work to make society better | |
| 647240119 | city states | Different sections of land owned by the same country but ruled by different rulers | |
| 647240120 | constitutional monarchy | A King or Queen is the official head of state but power is limited by a constitution. | |
| 647240121 | republic | a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them | |
| 647240122 | magna Carta | This document, signed by King John of Endland in 1215, is the cornerstone of English justice and law. It declared that the king and government were bound by the same laws as other citizens of England. It contained the antecedents of the ideas of due process and the right to a fair and speedy trial that are included in the protection offered by the U.S. Bill of Rights | |
| 647240123 | devine right | the belief that a monarch recieved authority to rule from god and therefore could not be questioned | |
| 647240124 | protestant | a member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation. | |
| 647240125 | Anglican | English protestants belonging to the Church of England, established as result of HVIII's Act of Supremacy. Anglican church still had many traditions of R.Ch. including hierarchy of bishops and use of ceremony and ornamentation, etc. | |
| 647240126 | Edict of Worms | Edict passed by Charles V making Martin Luther an outlaw in the Holy Roman Empire. The edict commanded the burning of all his works as well as his capture and being brought to the emperor for possible execution. | |
| 647240127 | Pope Leo X | began to sell indulgences to raise money to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica in Rome; tried to get Luther to recant his criticisms of the church; condemned him an outlaw and a heretic when he would not do so; banned his ideas and excommunicated him from the church | |
| 647240128 | Emperor Charles V | Holy Roman Empire. SACKED ROME in 1527, ending Italian Renaissance. Called Martin Luther to the Diet of Worms, directed Diet of Augsburg, and proclaimed the Peace of Augsburg. Basically, he ended the Italian Renaissance and tried to stop the Reformation but eventually made peace with the Lutherans | |
| 647240129 | Catherine of Aragon | When Henry VIII needed a son to continue the Tudor dynasty, and he found out his wife Catherine of Aragon could not give him one (only a daughter, Mary), he sought an annulment. Of course, the Catholic Church denied him one, and in return Henry VIII split England from the Catholic Church. | |
| 647240130 | Peace of Augsburg | A treaty between Charles V and the German Protestant princes that granted legal recognition of Lutheranism in Germany. | |
| 647240131 | Acts of Supremacy | First Act of Supremacy (1534) was an act of the Parliament of England under Henry VIII declaring that he was 'the only supreme head on earth of the Church in England'. Started and separated the Anglican Church from the Catholic Church and put the king as head. Repealed by Mary I, who was Catholic. Second Act of Supremacy (1559) reinstated the first after Anglican Elizabeth I took the throne. | |
| 647240132 | Anne Boleyn | Henry VIII mistress during the time of the English Reformation, she gave birth to Elizabeth, future queen of England. One of the reasons Henry VIII wanted to get his marriage to Catherine annulled is so that he could marry her. | |
| 647240133 | Elizabeth I | Queen of England from 1558 to 1603 | |
| 647240134 | annul | make void | |
| 647240135 | recant | formally reject or disavow a formerly held belief, usually under pressure | |
| 647240136 | Edward VI | (1547-1553) King Henry VIII's only son. Sickly, and became King at 9 years old. Since he wasn't capable of governing his country the Protestant church was soon brought in through his advisors Cromwell and Cranmer. | |
| 647240137 | Vasco de Gama | A Portugese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean | |
| 647240138 | Henry the Navigator | (1394-1460) Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa. (p. 425) | |
| 647240139 | Zheng He | An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa. (pp. 355, 422) | |
| 647240140 | Qing Dynasty | the last imperial dynasty of China (from 1644 to 1912) which was overthrown by revolutionaries; during the Qing dynasty China was ruled by the Manchu | |
| 647240141 | African Slave Trade | African people were taken as slaves to be sold in America, in America they would work in mines & plantations. The profit went to europe where they built goods to then be sold to Africans. It was a triangle. | |
| 647240142 | Plantations | Large commercial estates where many laborers lived on the land and cultivated the crops for the landowner | |
| 647240143 | Middle Passage | the route in between the western ports of Africa to the Caribbean and southern U.S. that carried the slave trade | |
| 647240144 | Triangle Trade | the trading system between the Americas, England and Africa; Africa would give slaves and rum to the Americas, including the West Indies; America would offer timber, tobacco, fish, and flour; England would mainly process and ship back | |
| 647240145 | loose Packing | a plan that called for fewer slaves loaded on a slave ship to keep the death rate down | |
| 647240146 | tight packing | fit as many slaves as possible on one ship and hope for a quick safe journey | |
| 647240147 | Columbian Exchange | The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. | |
| 647240148 | joint stock company | A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts. | |
| 647240149 | Capitalism | an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, esp. as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth. | |
| 647240150 | French Indian War | Was a war fought by French and English on American soil over control of the Ohio River Valley-- English defeated French in1763. Historical Significance: established England as number one world power and began to gradually change attitudes of the colonists toward England for the worse. | |
| 647240151 | merchantilism | an ecomonic theory where colonies are created to benefit the "mother country" through trade of raw materials and consumption of the mother countrys finished products | |
| 647240152 | encomienda | A grant of authority over a population of Amerindians in the Spanish colonies. It provided the grant holder with a supply of cheap labor and periodic payments of goods by the Amerindians. It obliged the grant holder to Christianize the Amerindians. (479) |
