Terms : Hide Images
| 7570478757 | A. Describe the following individual's philosophies/views/contributions: 1. Zoroaster- | persian religious prophet thought to advocate a monotheistic faith with a central deity aura mazda, a struggle between good and evil, and a heaven or hell. debate still exists on whether judaism influenced it or vice versa. | 0 | |
| 7570478758 | 2. Cyrus the Great- | the great conqueror who began the persian empire and who was reported to extend tolerance and generosity to those who willingly surrendered, particularly jews who had been utterly devastated by the assyrians & babylonians. | 1 | |
| 7570478759 | 3. Darius- | a successor to cyrus who was best regarded for completing the organization of the persian empire into 20 provinces led by local satraps that were granted local control over local matters; he also standardized weights & measures, coinage, etc. for efficiency purposes. however, he failed to submit the greeks to persian rule. | 2 | |
| 7570478760 | 4. Homer- | greek writer of epic poems: lead and the odyssey, based on mythology. | 3 | |
| 7570478761 | 5. Sophocles- | wrote the first dramas, tragedies, and comedies (satires), usually wrote in trilogies. | 4 | |
| 7570478762 | 6. Thucydides- | historian who stated that historical text should be written in a non-biased manner. | 5 | |
| 7570478763 | 7. Socrates- | famous greek philosopher known for his questioning method and inspiring his students to question themselves and the world around them; was killed by civic leaders who feared that his challenge among other things to their polytheistic religious traditions was "corrupting the minds of their youth". | 6 | |
| 7570478764 | 8. Plato- | a student of socrates who recorded the life of socrates and outlined the ideal society created by debates and discussions between socrates and his students (now called plato's republic). | 7 | |
| 7570478765 | 9. Aristotle- | one of the most premiere figures in western history because of his inspiration to future christian and islamic scholars to study and dabble in all subjects of human life; he tutored alexander the great and thereby influenced him to gather knowledge from the vast territory and cultures that he conquered. | 8 | |
| 7570478766 | 10. Pheidippes- | ran from marathon to athens to tell the athenians that they defeated the persian army. | 9 | |
| 7570478767 | 11. Xerxes- | the last persian emperor at the height of its reach; he continued the persian wars with the greek city states after darius failed subjugate them. a combination of greek naval and army tactics spelled defeat (most notoriously at salamis & thermopolyae). | 10 | |
| 7570478768 | 12. Pericles- | the highly skilled politician, military leader, and patron of the arts of athens after the persian wars; he presided over the delian league and drew the ire of the spartans when he funneled revenue to building projects in athens (including projects like the parthenon). | 11 | |
| 7570478769 | 13. Alexander the Great- | macedonian conqueror who swept greece, egypt, asia minor, mesopotamia, persia, and the indus river valley into one hellenistic empire; aristotle was his tutor and very likely inspired his collection of knowledge across the various cultures as he conquered them. | 12 | |
| 7570478770 | 14. Draco- | first lawgiver of athens, wrote laws down, laws were harsh and unforgiving. | 13 | |
| 7570478771 | 15. Ptolemy- | the premiere mathematical scientific figure of the greco roman world; he lived and worked from the intellectual capital of alexandria, egypt where among other things he notoriously concluded that the earth was the center of our solar system (also called the geocentric theory). | 14 | |
| 7570478772 | 16. Eratosthenes- | greek citizen who most famously observed the sun's rays hitting alexandria, egypt at a different angle during the solstice when compared to other parts of the empire and thus used that observation to calculate the circumference of the art; he also was the lead of the library at alexandria during the hellenistic age as well as devised a system that identified prime numbers. | 15 | |
| 7570478773 | 17. Archimedes- | value of pi, lever, and pulley. | 16 | |
| 7570478774 | 18. Jesus- | the central figure of the christian faith who lived and died under roman rule and inspired the genesis of the spread of this universal religion like wildfire throughout the roman world. | 17 | |
| 7570478775 | 19. Paul- | key convert to christianity who used his roman citizenship and the network of roman roads to widely travel and spread this universal faith. | 18 | |
| 7570478776 | 20. Constantine- | roman emperor who was the first to famously cover to christianity before a major battle to unify the roman empire under his rule; with this conversion, christians we granted the right to practice their faith without persecution. he also famously made the decision to move the roman capital from rome to the eastern city of byzantium, which was later renamed constantinople in his honor. | 19 | |
| 7570478777 | 21. Scipio- | general of roman empire during the punic wars, defeated hannibal of carthage to win spain. | 20 | |
| 7570478778 | 22. Hannibal- | carthaginian leader who famously fought the romans for western mediterranean trade hegemony in the punic wars; at one point he took a massive army from both africa (where carthage was located) by land towards rome across the straights of gibraltar where he was ultimately defeated, launching the romans toward empire. | 21 | |
| 7570478779 | 23. Julius Caesar- | notorious roman military leader who converted his military exploits like conquering goal (france) and egypt to justify his desire to become a dictator for life during the later stages of the roman republic; although he was ultimately denied y the senate where he was killed in a famous sequence later recorded by shakespeare, his naked ambition inevitability led rome down the path of no return towards empire. | 22 | |
| 7570478780 | 24. Octavian- | better known as caesar augustus and grand nephew of julius caesar who fought other rivals to become the first emperor of rome; his genius was that although he became a dictator, he worked to streamline the empire while continuing to respect the traditions like consulting the senate. | 23 | |
| 7570478781 | B. Define the following concepts and describe their effects: 25. Describe the Persian Empire during each leader's reign- | cyrus-tolerant, benevolent conqueror; darius- astute administrator willing to share his power; xeroxes-attempted to subjugate the greeks and whose failure to do so led to the decline of the persians. | 24 | |
| 7570478782 | 26. Persian Innovations- | 1500 miles of royal road, using hard currency adopted from the lydian, creating a postal system for more efficient communication, standard weights and measures. | 25 | |
| 7570478783 | 27. Zoroastrianism- | persian religion begun by the prophet zoroaster and which bears resemblance to judaism/christianity like one true god, a battle between good and evil, and a reward of heaven or hell after death; it became the official religion at the height of the persian empire. | 26 | |
| 7570478784 | 28. Geography & Greece- | rocky, mountainous soil had a dramatic impact on the history of this peninsula: it affected the fact it produces limited subsistence farming; that it forced some city states like athens to take to the sea and establish a maritime economy (or in the case of sparta that it fostered their extreme militaristic controlled society to subjugate the slaves that worked their land); and that it gave them the home field advantage in defeating the invading persians by land ( thermopile) and by sea (salamis). | 27 | |
| 7570478785 | 29. Classical Greek Style- | geometric style of architecture with pediments and various column sales (ionic, doric, corinthian) meant to create height for their religious temples; use f marble to design and idyllic view of the gods & of the human form. | 28 | |
| 7570478786 | 30. Greek Literature- | particularly in athens, which encouraged the the creative arts, new literary genres were first invented by the greeks, including comedies, satires, dramas, and tragedies. | 29 | |
| 7570478787 | 31. Greek Philosophy- | the home of critical classical figures like socrates, plato, and aristotle that encouraged the practice of questioning and examining everything, including religion. | 30 | |
| 7570478788 | 32. Greek Contributions- | their greatest contributions were in the creative arts, particularly literature, architecture, philosophy; they additionally made critical contributions to the study of history, as well as mathematics and science. | 31 | |
| 7570478789 | 33. Monarchy (limited and absolute)- | king with absolute power has total control and makes all decisions. limited king shares power and has limits placed on his power. | 32 | |
| 7570478790 | 34. Aristocracy- | landowning nobles control the government. | 33 | |
| 7570478791 | 35. Direct Democracy- | purest form of democracy because citizens themselves vote on all matters. | 34 | |
| 7570478792 | 36. Oligarchy- | form of dictatorship where a small group of society controls society either through military or self appointed means. | 35 | |
| 7570478793 | 37. Persian Wars- | epic battles between greece and persia over the desire to bring rebelling greek colonists to heel. | 36 | |
| 7570478794 | 38. Sparta- | militant society centered entirely on controlling a large helot population under the heel of a smaller, well trained population. | 37 | |
| 7570478795 | 39. Athens- | very open and creative society, home of democracy, philosophy, and maritime tradition. | 38 | |
| 7570478796 | 40. Peloponnesian War- | 20 plus year war between athens and sparta over dominance of the other city states after the defeat of the persians. | 39 | |
| 7570478797 | 41. Civic Responsibility- | greek believe that citizens had to vote and serve their nation in some capacity or they were less than human. | 40 | |
| 7570478798 | 42. Olympics- | meet and compete at olympia where there was a temple to zeus, their central god, in order to conduct such a sport in his honor. | 41 | |
| 7570478799 | 43. Hellenistic Period- | period immediately following alexander the great's conquest of the most of the western ancient world from greece, egypt, anatolia, mesopotamia, persia, and the indus river valley; this hyper cultural diffusion combined the best of all of the accomplishments of each respective civilization into one hellenistic culture. | 42 | |
| 7570478800 | 44. Hellenistic Philosophy- | epicureanism, stoicism, realism. | 43 | |
| 7570478801 | 45. Latins- | first settlers of rome, lived on the seven hills surrounding rome, farmers and herders. | 44 | |
| 7570478802 | 46. Republic- | an indirect form of democracy whereby citizens elect their leaders to make decisions rather than making decisions as an entire population. | 45 | |
| 7570478803 | 47. Twelve Tables- | famous display of rights of roman citizens. | 46 | |
| 7570478804 | 48. Women in Greece vs Women in Rome- | greece kept women under stricter definitions of women's roles while rome enabled some property. | 47 | |
| 7570478805 | 49. Aqueducts- | delivered fresh water to growing urban centers using advanced math and arched structures. | 48 | |
| 7570478806 | 50. Christianity- | universal faith centered around jesus, the son of god. | 49 | |
| 7570478807 | 51. Punic Wars- | the epic struggle between carthage and rome for mediterranean trade supremacy. | 50 | |
| 7570478808 | 52. Coliseum- | was home to many a sporting spectacle, particularly gladiator battles the entertained and may have been very crucial glue that held rome together as it ballooned in territory. | 51 | |
| 7570478809 | 53. Pax Romana- | rome was able to peacefully transition power between the five good emperors, thus ensuring the stability necessary to focus on connecting, protecting, and expanding roman political and economic power. | 52 | |
| 7570478810 | 54. Decline & End of the Roman Empire- | overextension of its territory, over reliance on foreign mercenaries with little loyalty to the empire, a corrupt taxation system that favored the rich, arguably the move of the capital to the east by coastline, and most directly with hun invasions that pressured germanic tribes to overrun western rome. | 53 | |
| 7570478811 | 55. Romance Languages- | ensured the preservation of antiquity knowledge and accomplishments. | 54 | |
| 7570478812 | 56. Roman Contributions- | rule of law, engineering, peaceful transition of power, and divided government. | 55 |
