College Biology 1107k
Book: Raven McGraw Hill
Glycolysis | ||
Pyruvate Oxidation | ||
Kreb's Cycle | ||
Electron Transport Chain | ||
Cytoplasm | ||
Mitochondria | ||
2 pyruvates and 2 atp | ||
Acetyle CoA | ||
Citrate (NADH) and FADH2 and 2 ATP | ||
Chemiosmosis and ATP synthase and 32 ATP | ||
6 lost during process | ||
NADH and FADH2 | ||
Relies on other organisms for energy | ||
Makes own energy | ||
Acetraldehyde ----> Ethanol. ATP produced. | ||
Lactic Acid is final electron receptor | ||
Store energy in ATP bonds | ||
Glycolysis | ||
H2S | ||
H20 | ||
Nitrogen Fixation | ||
Cellular Respiration | ||
Proteins ---> Amino Acids---->Deamination ----> Enter Glycolysis or Kreb's Cycle | ||
Fats---> Fatty Acid (Glycerol) ---> Acetyl Group ----> Kerb's Cycle | ||
Fats | ||
CO2, CO2, Methane | ||
Sulfur (SO4), SO4, Hydrogen Sulfide | ||
Enzyme- NADH to NAD+ | ||
Makes ATP from ADP | ||
6 CO2 + 12 H2O +Sunlight -------> C6 H12 O6 +6 H20 + 6 O2 | ||
Chloroplast in the leaves | ||
Plants, Green Algae, Cynobacteria, Some Bacteria | ||
Flatten disk containing cholorophyll and other pigments | ||
Stack of Thylakoid | ||
Semi-Liquid that surrounds thylakoid | ||
Photon | ||
High energy, Low energy | ||
Shorter Days, less sun. Chl A needs accessory pigments to get broader spectrum of light | ||
Accessory pigment: Antenna complex to CHL A reaction center | ||
700 nm | ||
680 nm | ||
Methogens and Sulfur bacteria | ||
Splitting of H2O | ||
B6 - F Complex | ||
ATP and NADPH | ||
Calvin Cycle | ||
2 molecules of G3P (3 Carbons) combine to create glucose | ||
Oxygen is added to RUBP. Occurs at hot temp.. Keeps Stomata closed. | ||
Pores in leaf of plant. CO2 enters, O2 leaves. H20 can go thru. | ||
C4 and CEM plants = PEP. Uses enzyme other than rubisco | ||
C3 plant. Only Rubisco | ||
Yes to breakdown glucose to starch | ||
Binary Fission- Prokayotes in nucleoid, circular chromosomes. | ||
Septum | ||
Prokaryotes have round chromosomes and Only has 1 chromosome. Eukaryotes have Linear ones wraped around proteins Histones | ||
Complex mix of DNA and Protein found on Chromosomes | ||
Prokaryotes- Binary Division | ||
Euchromation - Expressed. Heterochromation - Unexpressed. Junk DNA. | ||
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase | ||
Prophase | ||
Metaphase | ||
Metaphase | ||
Metaphase Plate | ||
Anaphase 1 | ||
Telophase | ||
Division of Cytos | ||
Animal- Cleavage Furrow, Pinching in of the cell. Plants- Cell plate divides cell into two new cells | ||
B/t G1 and S- committing to cell division, B/T G2 and M- committing to Mitosis. End Meto- Chromosomes are attached to splindle | ||
Cancer | ||
Tumors- Suppress | ||
Gametes | ||
Diploid- 2 sets of Chromosomes. Haploid- 1 set of chromosomes | ||
Haploid | ||
Diploid | ||
4, yes | ||
Fertilization | ||
True | ||
Synapsis | ||
True | ||
Proteins b/t 2 homologous chromosomes so that base pairs can form b/t sister chromonids | ||
recombination | ||
False | ||
Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, Anaphase 1, Telophase 1 | ||
Prophase 2, Metaphase 2, Anaphase 2, Telophase 2 | ||
Prophase 1 | ||
Metaphase 1 | ||
Anaphase 1 | ||
Telophase 1 | ||
Prophase 2 | ||
Metaphase 2 | ||
Anaphase 2 | ||
Telophase 2 | ||
Crossing over and random alignment in Metaphase 1 | ||
Mitosis- Division of somatic cells, 1 round of division, 2 diploid daughter cells Meiosis- Division to produce gametes, Non-identical, 2 rounds of division, 4 Haploid daughter cells | ||
Half | ||
Parent | ||
Meiosis 2 ( sister chromatids pull apart) | ||
CEM Plants | ||
Make Glucose | ||
12, 6 | ||
Fats | ||
Pro- Round Eu- X's | ||
Cell plates and Cleavage Furrow | ||
Lactic acid, Alcohol, and CO2 | ||
Amino Acids ( Can then enter Krebs or Glycolysis) | ||
Acetyl-group ( Glycerol) | ||
Chl-A doesn't absorb green light it reflects it. | ||
Violet/Blue and Red | ||
C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2 = 6 CO2 + 6 H20 | ||
30nm fiber that chromosomes condense to. | ||
DNA around 8 Histone Proteins | ||
Homo- Similar but Sister's Exact replica | ||
Oxygen | ||
Oxidation | ||
0 | ||
NADH and FADH2 | ||
DNA isn't replicated in meoisis. |