Terms : Hide Images
| 200289163 | Paleolithic Age | Old Stone Age | 0 | |
| 200289164 | Homo sapiens | the humanoid species that emerged as most successful at the end of the Paleolithic period | 1 | |
| 200289165 | Neolithic Age | New Stone Age | 2 | |
| 200289166 | Neolithic revolution | succession of technological innovations and changes in human organization that led to the development of agriculture, GRADUAL CHANGE | 3 | |
| 200289167 | hunting and gathering | the original human economy, ultimately eclipsed by agriculture; groups hunt for meat and forage for grains, nuts, and berries | 4 | |
| 200289168 | Bronze Age | beginning around 4000 B.C., bronze tools were first introduced in the Middle East until about 1500 BC when iron began to replace it | 5 | |
| 200289169 | slash and burn agriculture | a system of cultivation typical of shifting cultivators; forest floors cleared by fire are then planted | 6 | |
| 200289170 | band | a level of social organization normally consisting of 20-30 people; nomadic hunters and gatherers; labor divided on a gender basis | 7 | |
| 200289171 | civilization | societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, as well as merchant and manufacturing groups | 8 | |
| 200289172 | cuneiform | a form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets | 9 | |
| 200289173 | nomads | cattle and sheep-herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; commonly referred to as "barbarian" by civilized societies | 10 | |
| 200289174 | Mesopotamia | literally "between the rivers"; the civilizations that arose in the alluvial plain of the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys | 11 | |
| 200289175 | Sumerians | people who migrated into Mesopotamia around 4000 BCE, created first civilization within region; organized area into city-states | 12 | |
| 200289176 | ziggurats | massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple complexes | 13 | |
| 200289177 | city-state | a form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king | 14 | |
| 200289178 | Babylonian Empire | unified all of Mesopotamia around 1800 BCE, collapsed due to foreign invasion around 1600 BCE | 15 | |
| 200289179 | Hammurabi | the most important ruler of the Babylonian empire; responsible for codification of law | 16 | |
| 200289180 | pharaoh | title of kings of ancient Egypt | 17 | |
| 200289181 | pyramids | monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs | 18 | |
| 200289182 | Kush | African state that developed along the upper reaches of the Nile around 1000 BCE, conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries | 19 | |
| 200289183 | Indus River Valley | river sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian Sea; location of Harappan civilization | 20 | |
| 200289184 | Harappa | along with Mohenjo Daro, major urban complex of the Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern | 21 | |
| 200289185 | Mohenjo Daro | along with Harappa, major urban complex of the Harappan civilization; laid out on planned grid pattern | 22 | |
| 200289186 | Yellow River | also known as the Huanghe; site of development of sedentary agriculture in China | 23 | |
| 200289187 | Shang | first Chinese dynasty for which archeological evidence exists; capital located in Ordos bulge of the Huanghe; flourished from 1600 to 1046 BCE | 24 | |
| 200289188 | oracles | Shamans or priests in Chinese society who foretold the future through interpretations of animal bones cracked by heat; inscriptions on bones let to Chinese writing | 25 | |
| 200289189 | ideographs | pictographic characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing | 26 | |
| 200289190 | Phoenicians | seafaring civilization located on the shores of the eastern Mediterranean; established colonies throughout the Mediterranean | 27 | |
| 200289191 | monotheism | the exclusive worship of a single god; introduced by the Jews into Western civilization | 28 |
