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| 242379333 | Taika reforms | Attempt to remake the Japanese monarch into an absolutist Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army. | 0 | |
| 242379334 | Heian | Japanese city later called Kyoto; built to escape influence of Buddhist monks. | 1 | |
| 242379335 | Tale of Genji | Written by Lady Murasaki; first novel in any language; evidence for mannered style of Japanese society. | 2 | |
| 242379336 | Fujiwara | Mid-9th-century Japanese aristocratic family; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power. | 3 | |
| 242379337 | Bushi | Regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies. | 4 | |
| 242379338 | Samurai | Mounted troops of the bushi; loyal to local lords, not the emperor. | 5 | |
| 242379339 | Seppuku | Ritual suicide in Japan; also known as hari-kiri; demonstrated courage and was a means to restore family honor. | 6 | |
| 242379340 | Bakufu | Military government established by the Minamoto after the Gumpei Wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai. | 7 | |
| 242379341 | Shoguns | Military leaders of the bakufu. | 8 | |
| 242379342 | Hojo | A warrior family closely allied with the Minamoto; dominated the Kamakura regime and manipulated Minamoto rulers; ruled in name of emperor. | 9 | |
| 242379343 | Ashikaga Takuaji | Member of Minamoto family; overthrew Kamakura regime and established Ashikaga Shogunate (1336-1573); drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino. | 10 | |
| 242379344 | Daimyo | Warlord rulers of small states following Onin War and disruption of Ashikaga Shogunate; holdings consolidated into unified and bounded ministates. | 11 | |
| 242379345 | Choson | Earliest Korean kingdom; conquered by the Han in 109 B.C.E. | 12 | |
| 242379346 | Sinification | Extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions. | 13 | |
| 242379347 | Silla | Korean kingdom in the Southeast; became a vassal of the Tang and paid tribute; ruled Korea from 668. | 14 | |
| 242379348 | Yi | Korean dynasty (1392-1910); succeeded Koryo dynasty after Mongol invasions; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence. | 15 | |
| 242379349 | Trung sisters | Leaders of a rebellion in Vietnam against Chinese rule in 39 C.E.; demonstrates importance of women in Vietnamese society. | 16 | |
| 242379350 | Khmers and Chams | Indianized Vietnamese peoples defeated by Northern government at Hanoi. | 17 | |
| 242379351 | Nguyen | Southern Vietnamese dynasty with capital at Hue that challenged northern Trinh dynasty with center at Hanoi. | 18 | |
| 242379352 | Kami | Nature spirits of Japan. | 19 | |
| 242379353 | Fujiwara | Japanese aristocratic family in mid-9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power. | 20 | |
| 242379354 | Minamoto | Defeated the rival Taira family in Gempei Wars and established military government in 12th-century Japan. | 21 | |
| 242379355 | Tribute system | System in which people surrounding China sent emissaries who offered tribute to the Chinese emperor and acknowledged the superiority of the emperor and China. | 22 | |
| 242379356 | Trinh | Dynasty that ruled in north Vietnam at Hanoi, 1533 to 1772; rivals of Nguyen family in South. | 23 | |
| 242379357 | Chinggis Khan | Grandson of Kabul Khan; born in 1170s; elected supreme Mongol ruler (khagan) in 1206; began the Mongols' rise to world power; died 1227. | 24 | |
| 242379358 | Tumens | Basic fighting units of Mongol forces; made up of 10,000 cavalrymen divided into smaller units. | 25 | |
| 242379359 | Muhammad Shah II | Turkic ruler of Muslim Khwarazm; conquered by Mongols in 1220. | 26 | |
| 242379360 | Karakorum | Capital of Mongol Empire under Chinggis Khan. | 27 | |
| 242379361 | Shamanistic religion | Mongol beliefs focused on nature spirits. | 28 | |
| 242379362 | Batu | Grandson of Chinggis Khan and ruler of the Golden Horde; invaded Russia in 1236. | 29 | |
| 242379363 | Ogedei | Third son of Chinggis Khan; succeeded him as Mongol khagan. | 30 | |
| 242379364 | Golden Horde | One of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russia during the 13th and 14th centuries. | 31 | |
| 242379365 | Prester John | A mythical Christian monarch whose kingdom supposedly had been cut off from Europe by the Muslim conquests; some thought he was Chinggis Khan. | 32 | |
| 242379366 | Ilkhan khanate | One of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; eventually included much of Abbasid Empire. | 33 | |
| 242379367 | Hulegu | Grandson of Chinggis Khan and ruler of Ilkhan khanate; captured and destroyed Abbasid Baghdad. | 34 | |
| 242379368 | Mamluks | Muslim slave warriors; established dynasty in Egypt; led by Baibars; defeated Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260. | 35 | |
| 242379369 | Kubilai Khan | Grandson of Chinggis Khan; conquered China; established Yuan dynasty in 1271. | 36 | |
| 242379370 | Tatu | Mongol capital of Yuan dynasty; present-day Beijing. | 37 | |
| 242379371 | Chabi | Influential wife of Kubilai Khan; demonstrated refusal of Mongol women to adopt restrictive social conventions of Confucian China. | 38 | |
| 242379372 | Nestorians | Asian Christian sect; cut off from Europe by Muslim invasions. | 39 | |
| 242379373 | Romance of the West Chamber | Famous Chinese dramatic work written during the Yuan period. | 40 | |
| 242379374 | White Lotus Society | Secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty. | 41 | |
| 242379375 | Ju Yuanzhang | Chinese peasant who led successful revolt against Yuan; founded Ming dynasty. | 42 | |
| 242379376 | Timur-i Lang | Last major nomad leader; 14th-century Turkic ruler of Samarkand; launched attacks in Persia, Fertile Crescent, India, southern Russia; empire disintegrated after his death in 1405. | 43 | |
| 242379377 | Khagan | Title of supreme ruler of the Mongol tribes. | 44 | |
| 242379378 | Khanates | Four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan. | 45 | |
| 242379379 | Battle of Kulikova | Russian army victory over the forces of the Golden Horde; helped break Mongol hold over Russia. | 46 | |
| 242379380 | Baibars | (1223 - 1277) Commander of Mamluk forces at Ain Jalut in 1260; originally enslaved by Mongols and sold to Egyptians. | 47 | |
| 242379381 | Ming Dynasty | Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China. | 48 | |
| 242379382 | Ibn-Rushd (Averroës) | Iberian Muslim philosopher; studied Greek rationalism; ignored among Muslims but influential in Europe. | 49 | |
| 242379383 | Ming Dynasty | Replaced Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted large trade expeditions to southern Asia and Africa; later concentrated on internal development within China; restored civil service exam | 50 | |
| 242379384 | Zhenghe | Muslim Chinese seaman; commanded expeditions throughout the Indian Ocean. | 51 | |
| 242379385 | Black Death | 14th-century bubonic plague; decimated populations in Asia and Europe. | 52 | |
| 242379386 | Renaissance | Cultural and political elite movement beginning in Italy circa 1400; based on urban vitality and expanding commerce; produced literature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the European Middle Ages. | 53 | |
| 242379387 | Portugal, Castile, and Aragon | Regional Iberian kingdoms; participated in reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from the Muslims; developed a vigorous military and religious agenda. | 54 | |
| 242379388 | Francesco Petrarch | Italian author and humanist; a major literary figure of the Renaissance. | 55 | |
| 242379389 | Vivaldi brothers | Genoese explorers who attempted to find a western route to the "Indies"; precursors of European thrust into southern Atlantic. | 56 | |
| 242379390 | Vasco da Gama | Portuguese explorer; first European to reach India by sea around Africa. | 57 | |
| 242379391 | Henry the Navigator | Portuguese prince; sponsored Atlantic voyages; reflected the forces present in late postclassical Europe. | 58 | |
| 242379392 | Ethnocentrism | Judging foreigners by the standards of one's own group; leads to problems in interpreting world history. | 59 | |
| 242379393 | Maoris | polynesian people in present day New Zealand | 60 |
