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| 125414440 | Christopher Columbus | Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506) | 0 | |
| 125414441 | Treaty of Tordesillas | Set the Line of Demarcation which was a boundary established in 1493 to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas. | 1 | |
| 125414442 | Amerigo Vespucci | The italian sailor who corrected Columbus's mistake, acknowledging the coasts of america as a new world. America is named after him | 2 | |
| 125414443 | NW Passage | A mythical water passage that would go through America to Asia..obviously never found | 3 | |
| 125414444 | Mouscovy Company | ... | 4 | |
| 125414445 | Spanish Armada | (1588) In this battle Phillip II tried to attack England but his naval fleet was completely destroyed | 5 | |
| 125414446 | Charles V | This was the Holy Roman Emperor that called for the Diet of Worms. He was a supporter of Catholicism and tried to crush the Reformation by use of the Counter-Reformation | 6 | |
| 125414447 | Edict of Nantes | document that granted religious freedom to the Huguenots | 7 | |
| 125414448 | Huguenots | French Protestants | 8 | |
| 125414449 | Bourban Dynasty | Branch of Capetian dynasty; ruled Navare and France in 10th Century. By 18th, held thrones in Spain, Naples and Sicily and Parma French Kings Henry IV | 9 | |
| 125414450 | Louis XIV | king of France from 1643 to 1715 | 10 | |
| 125414451 | War of the Roses | struggle for the English throne (1455-1485) between the house of York (white rose) and the house of Lancaster (red rose) ending with the accession of the Tudor monarch Henry VII | 11 | |
| 125414452 | Henry VIII | English king that left the catholic church and started the Church of England...had to do with the divorce of his wife | 12 | |
| 125414453 | Elizabeth I | This queen of England chose a religion between the Puritans and Catholics and required her subjects to attend church or face a fine. She also required uniformity and conformity to the Church of England | 13 | |
| 125414454 | shakespeare | English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616). | 14 | |
| 125414455 | Scientific Revolution | an era between 16th and 18th centuries when scientists began doing research in a new way using the scientific method | 15 | |
| 125414456 | Enlightenment | a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions | 16 | |
| 125414457 | Humanism | the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason | 17 | |
| 125414458 | Medici | aristocratic Italian family of powerful merchants and bankers who ruled Florence in the 15th century | 18 | |
| 125414459 | Johannes Gutenburg | He invented the printing press around 1450 A.D. | 19 | |
| 125414460 | Adam Smith | Scottish economist who wrote the Wealth of Nations and designed modern Capitalism | 20 | |
| 125414461 | Martin Luther King | United States charismatic civil rights leader and Baptist minister who campaigned against the segregation of Blacks (1929-1968) | 21 | |
| 125414462 | Indulgence | the remission by the pope of the temporal punishment in purgatory that is still due for sins even after absolution | 22 | |
| 125414463 | Counter-Reformation | catholic church's attempt to stop the protestant movement and to Strengthen the Catholic Church | 23 | |
| 125414464 | Galieo | improved the telescope and supported that the sun- centerwed theory- the church charged him with heroisy | 24 | |
| 125414465 | Isaac Newton | English mathematician and scientist who invented differential calculus and formulated the theory of universal gravitation, a theory about the nature of light, and three laws of motion. His treatise on gravitation, presented in Principia Mathematica (1687), was supposedly inspired by the sight of a falling apple. | 25 | |
| 125414466 | Copernicus | Polish astronomer who produced a workable model of the solar system with the sun in the center (1473-1543) | 26 | |
| 125414467 | Scientific Method | a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses | 27 | |
| 125414468 | Thomas Hobbes | English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679) | 28 | |
| 125414469 | John Locke | English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704) | 29 | |
| 125414470 | Rousseau | A French Writter that believed people in their natural state were basically good but that they were corrupted by the evils of society, especially the uneven distribution of property | 30 | |
| 125414471 | Voltaire | French, perhaps greatest Enlightenment thinker. Deist. Mixed glorification and reason with an appeal for better individuals and institutions. Wrote Candide. Believed enlightened despot best form of government. | 31 | |
| 125414472 | Indigenous People | descendants of the people who first lived in a region | 32 | |
| 125414473 | Plymouth Rock | The spot in Massachusetts where the Mayflower landed in 1620. The boat waas carrying about 60 pilgrims. | 33 | |
| 125414474 | Jamestown | first permanent English settlement, located near the Chesapeake Bay | 34 | |
| 125414475 | Henry Hudson | English navigator who discovered the Hudson River | 35 | |
| 125414476 | New Amsterdam | a settlement established by the Dutch near the mouth of Hudson River and the southern end of Manhattan Island | 36 | |
| 125414477 | Cortez | Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547); | 37 | |
| 125414478 | Pizarro | Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541) | 38 | |
| 125414479 | Conquistadors | spanish soldiers and explorers who led military expeditions in the Americas and captured land for Spain | 39 | |
| 125414480 | Peninsulares | Spanish-born, came to Latin America; ruled, highest social class | 40 | |
| 125414481 | Encomendia System | ... | 41 | |
| 125414482 | Aztec Collapse | Spaniards arrived with the help of Tlaxcallans. Moctezuma was stoned by his people after he gave Cortes(Quetzacoatal) their gold | 42 | |
| 125414483 | Inca Collapse | ... | 43 | |
| 125414484 | Atahualpa | Last ruling Inca emperor of Peru. He was executed by the Spanish. (p. 438) | 44 | |
| 125414485 | Mayflower Compact | 1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony. | 45 | |
| 125414486 | Montezuma | Chief of the Aztec who could not resist Cortez | 46 | |
| 125414487 | Gunpowder | The formula, brought to China in the 400s or 500s, was first used to make fumigators to keep away insect pests and evil spirits. In later centuries it was used to make explosives and grenades and to propel cannonballs, shot, and bullets. (p. 289) | 47 | |
| 125414488 | Nation State | A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality. | 48 | |
| 125414489 | Colonization | system of settling new lands that remain under the government of their native land | 49 | |
| 125414490 | Capitalism | an economic system based on private ownership of capital | 50 | |
| 125414491 | Mercantilism | an economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests | 51 | |
| 125414492 | Bourgeoisie | the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people | 52 | |
| 125414493 | Silver Trade | The Silver Trade was a large driver of European colonization of the Americas. The principle objective of the Habsburg Empire, in particular, was to extract millions of dollars of silver from the land using Amerindian slave labor. This caused the Habsburg Empire to grow very wealthy very quickly, but also gave them resources to squander on wars with the Ottoman Empire and England. This silver trade also led to a disastrous rise in Chinese inflation due to how China was buying most of the American silver. | 53 | |
| 125414494 | Slave Trade | The business of capturing, transporting, and selling people as slaves | 54 | |
| 125414495 | Columbian Exchange | The exchange of goods and ideas between Native Americans and Europeans | 55 | |
| 125414496 | Small Pox | Disease spread by Europeans in the Americas. Led to the deaths of millions of Native Americans in North and South America | 56 | |
| 125414497 | Christian Missionaries | People sent by the Christians to convert people to Christianity. They also spread the idea of Christianity through schools. | 57 | |
| 125414498 | Plantation Systems | Large farms with slave labor | 58 | |
| 125414499 | Absolutism | a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.) | 59 | |
| 125414500 | Famous Pirates | ... | 60 | |
| 125414501 | Ottoman Empire | a Turkish sultanate of southwestern Asia and northeastern Africa and southeastern Europe | 61 | |
| 125414502 | Safavid Empire | Shi'ite Muslim dynasty that ruled Persia between 16th and 18th centuries | 62 | |
| 125414503 | Suleiman I | The leader of the Ottoman Turk Empire during the high Renaissance. | 63 | |
| 125414504 | Wazirs | cheif administrators to Caliphs | 64 | |
| 125414505 | Janissaries | Christian boys taken from families, converted to Islam, and then rigorously trained to serve the sultan | 65 | |
| 125414506 | Vizier | the highest office in the Egyptian governmental hierarchy below the king. (a sort of prime minister.) | 66 | |
| 125414507 | Siege of Vienna | (1683) Ottoman Empire attemped to invade Vienna but they were stopped by Leopold I | 67 | |
| 125414508 | Ivan III | The prince that made Moscow the new capital of Russia, and he overthrew the Mongols that were dominating Russia. | 68 | |
| 125414509 | Cossacks | free groups and outlaw armies of peasants who fled the tzar and service nobility | 69 | |
| 125414510 | Ivan the terrible | first czar of Russia, known for cruelty and being constantly at war | 70 | |
| 125414511 | Romanov Family | Royal family that ruled Russia for over 300 years that was overthrown and killed by Lenin | 71 | |
| 125414512 | Peter the Great | czar of Russia who introduced ideas from western Europe to reform the government | 72 | |
| 125414513 | Katherine the Great | ... | 73 | |
| 125414514 | Serfdom | feudal system, the use of serfs to work the land in return for protection against barbarian invasions | 74 | |
| 125414515 | Czar | a male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917) | 75 |
