Terms : Hide Images
| 55119593 | bedouin | Nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula; culture based on camel and goat nomadism; early converts to Islam. | 0 | |
| 55119594 | Mecca | City located in the mountainous region along the Red Sea in Arabian Peninsula; founded by Umayyad clan of Quraysh; site of Ka'ba; original home of Muhammad; location of cheif religious pilgrimage point in Islam. | 1 | |
| 55119595 | Umayyad | Clan of Quraysh that dominated politics and commercial economy of Mecca; clan established dynasty as rulers of Islam, 660 to 750. | 2 | |
| 55119596 | Ka'ba | Most revered religious shrine in pre-Islamic Arabia; located in Mecca; focus of obligatory annual truce among bedouin tribes; later incorporated as important shine in Islam. | 3 | |
| 55119597 | Medina | Also known as Yathrib; town located northeast of Mecca; grew date palms whose fruit was sold to bedouins; became refuge for Muhammad following flight from Mecca. | 4 | |
| 55119598 | Muhammad | Prophet of Islam; born c. 570 to Banu Hashim clan of Quraysh tribe in Mecca; raised by father's family; received revelations from Allah in 610 C.E. and thereafter; died in 632. | 5 | |
| 55119599 | Qu'ran | Recitations of revelations received by Muhammad; holy book of Islam. | 6 | |
| 55119600 | Ali | Cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of orthodox caliphs; focus for Shi'a. | 7 | |
| 55119601 | zakat | Tax for charity; obligatory for all Muslims. | 8 | |
| 55119602 | five pillars | The obligatory religious duties of all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj. | 9 | |
| 55119603 | Ramadan | Islamic month of religious observance requiring fasting from dawn to sunset. | 10 | |
| 55119604 | hajj | A Muslim's pilgramage to the holy city of Mecca, to worship Allah at the Ka'ba. | 11 | |
| 55119605 | caliph | The political and religious successor to Muhammad. | 12 | |
| 55119606 | Abu Bakr | One of Muhammad's earliest converts; succeeded Muhammad as first caliph of Islamic community. | 13 | |
| 55119607 | Ridda Wars | Wars that followed Muhammad's death in 632; resulted in defeat of rival prophets and some of larger clans; restored unity in Islam. | 14 | |
| 55119608 | jihads | Struggle; often used for wars in defense of the faith. | 15 | |
| 55119609 | Sunni | Political and theological division within Islam; supported the Umayyads. | 16 | |
| 55119610 | Shi'a | Also known as Shi'ites; political and theological division within Islam; followers of Ali. | 17 | |
| 55119611 | Abbasid | Dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads as caliphs within Islam; came to power in 750 C.E. | 18 | |
| 55119612 | Baghdad | Capital of Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq near ancient Persian capital of Ctesiphon. | 19 | |
| 55119613 | Vikings | Seagoing Scandinavian raiders from Sweeden, Demnark, and Norway who disrupted coastal areas of western Europe from the the 8th to the 11th centuries. | 20 | |
| 55119614 | manorialism | System that described economic and political relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages; involved a hierarchy of reciporocal obligations that exchanged labor or rents for access to land. | 21 | |
| 55119615 | serf | Peasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system of the Middle Ages. | 22 | |
| 55119616 | vassals | Members of the military elite who received land or a benefice from a feudal lord in return for military service and loyalty. | 23 | |
| 55119617 | moldboard | Heavy plow introduced in northern Europe during the Middle Ages; permitted deeper cultivation of heavier soils; a technological innovation of the medieval period | 24 |
