Unit 3 Of AP World History Vocab Words for Mr. Treat's Class
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| 63205068 | Johannes Gutenberg | German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468) | 0 | |
| 63205069 | Henry The Navigator | (1394-1460) Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa. | 1 | |
| 63205070 | Bartolomeu Dias | Portuguese explorer who in 1488 led the first expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa from the Atlantic and sight the Indian Ocean. | 2 | |
| 63205071 | Vasco de Gama | A Portugese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean | 3 | |
| 63205072 | Christopher Columbus | Italian navigator who discovered the New World in the service of Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506) | 4 | |
| 63205073 | Amerigo Vespucci | italian cartographer that sailed under the Spanish flag repeated Columbus' initial attemp to sail west to Asia; explored the coast of Africa thinking that it was Asia; made next voyage commissioned by Portugal and sailed along the coast of S America concluding it could not be Asia; discoveries were published and new continent was named after him | 5 | |
| 63205074 | Vasco de Balboa | First Spanish captain to begin settlement on the mainland of Mesoamerica in 1509; initial settlement eventually led to conquest of Aztec and Inca empires by other captains. | 6 | |
| 63205075 | Ferdinand Magellan | Portuguese navigator who led the Spanish expedition of 1519-1522 that was the first to sail around the world. | 7 | |
| 63205076 | James Cook | English navigator who claimed the east coast of Australia for Britain and discovered several Pacific islands | 8 | |
| 63205077 | Joseph Banks | a young scientist who made vast contribuations to botany and zoology on the basis of his findings on this voyage | 9 | |
| 63205078 | capitalism | an economic system based on open competition in a free market, in which individuals and companies own the means of production and operate for profit | 10 | |
| 63205079 | mercantilism | an economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests | 11 | |
| 63205080 | Hernan Cortes | Spanish explorer and conquistador who led the conquest of Aztec Mexico in 1519-1521 for Spain. | 12 | |
| 63205081 | Moctezuma II | Aztec ruler from 1502 to 1520; he was the emperor of the Aztecs when Cortés and his army conquered the empire. He was taken prisoner and killed during battle with the Spanish army. | 13 | |
| 63205082 | Francisco Pizarro | Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima | 14 | |
| 63205083 | Atahualpa | Last ruling Inca emperor of Peru. He was executed by the Spanish. | 15 | |
| 63205084 | ecomienda system | The right to demand labor or tribute from Native Americans in a particular area, a kind of feudalism granting Spanish colonists control of conquered lands and obliging the Indians to provide forced labor and a fixed portion of their harvests | 16 | |
| 63205085 | repartimiento system | replaced the encomienda with the New Laws which mandated the repartimiento system. the Spaniards were forbidden to require labor or tribute from individual Indians, but were allowed to demand group services of entire Indian villages whose leaders determined individual work assignments. | 17 | |
| 63205086 | Charles V | This was the Holy Roman Emperor that called for the Diet of Worms. He was a supporter of Catholicism and tried to crush the Reformation by use of the Counter-Reformation | 18 | |
| 63205087 | Philip II | supporter of Catholic Church, increased power for spain with riches from the Americas, Absolute Monarchy, Divine RIght | 19 | |
| 63205088 | Martin Luther | a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices. | 20 | |
| 63205089 | indulgences | Selling of forgiveness by the Catholic Church. It was common practice when the church needed to raise money. The practice led to the Reformation. | 21 | |
| 63205090 | 95 Theses | formal statements written by Martin Luther attacking the "pardon-merchants". On October 31, 1517 Luther posted these statements on the door of a castle church in Wittenberg and invited other scholars to debate them. This began the Reformation. | 22 | |
| 63205091 | John Calvin | 1509-1564. French theologian. Developed the Christian theology known as Calvinism. Attracted Protestant followers with his teachings., religious reformer who believed in predestination and a strict sense of morality for society | 23 | |
| 63205092 | Anglican | relating to the Church of England | 24 | |
| 63205093 | Council of Trent | Called by Pope Paul III to reform the church and secure reconciliation with the Protestants. Lutherans and Calvinists did not attend. | 25 | |
| 63205094 | Jesuits | Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism. | 26 | |
| 63214031 | Ignatius Loyola | Founded the Society of Jesus, resisted the spread of Protestantism, wrote Spiritual Exercises. | 27 | |
| 63214032 | Elizabeth I | English Queen united Protestants and Catholics through compromise, monarch from 1558 to 1603 who established a strong central government while respecting the rights of parliament. | 28 | |
| 63214033 | Spanish Armada | Philip II's powerful naval force sent to attack England; its defeat greatly hindered Spain's ability to impose Catholicism on Western Europe. | 29 | |
| 63214034 | Dutch East India Company | Government-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies. | 30 | |
| 63214035 | Louis XIV | king of France from 1643 to 1715; his long reign was marked by the expansion of French influence in Europe and by the magnificence of his court and the Palace of Versailles "Sun King" | 31 | |
| 63214036 | nation-state | A country who's population share a common identity. | 32 | |
| 63214037 | serfdom | feudal system, the use of serfs to work the land in return for protection against barbarian invasions | 33 | |
| 63214038 | Peter the Great | (1672-1725) Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg. | 34 | |
| 63214039 | Catherine the Great | This was the empress of Russia who continued Peter's goal to Westernizing Russia, created a new law code, and greatly expanded Russia | 35 | |
| 63214040 | Ottoman Empire | An empire developed by Turks between the fourteenth and twentieth centuries. It was succeeded in the 1920s by the present-day Republic of Turkey. At its greatest extent, it included many parts of southeastern Europe and the Middle East. | 36 | |
| 63214041 | Mughal Empire | Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. | 37 | |
| 63214042 | Matteo Ricci | An Italian Jesuit who by his knowledge of Astronomy and science was accepted as a missionary of China during Ming Dynasty | 38 | |
| 63214043 | shogun | the head of the military government of Japan in the era of the samurai | 39 | |
| 63214044 | samurai | a Japanese warrior who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy | 40 | |
| 63214045 | demography | the branch of sociology that studies the characteristics of human populations | 41 | |
| 63214046 | Columian Exchange | new era of interaction between the western and eastern hemispheres brought about by Columbus' discovery of the "new world"- exchange of plants, food, animals, and diseases | 42 | |
| 63214047 | indentured labor | labor under contract to an employer for a fixed period of time, typically three to seven years, in exchange for their transportation, food, clothing, lodging and other necessities | 43 | |
| 63214048 | Aborigines | native people of Australia | 44 | |
| 63214049 | Maori | indigenous people of New Zealand | 45 | |
| 63214050 | gazis | turkish warriors inspired by islam to conquer territories and bring them under Dar al-islam | 46 | |
| 63214051 | sufis | a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life | 47 | |
| 63214052 | janissaries | Christian boys taken from families, converted to Islam, and then rigorously trained to serve the sultan | 48 | |
| 63221797 | Mehmed II | Ottoman sultan called the "Conqueror"; responsible for conquest of Constantinople in 1453; destroyed what remained of Byzantine Empire. | 49 | |
| 63221798 | Suleiman I | ruled during the pinnacle of Turkish power and almost succeeded in driving into the heart of the Christian Empire, A sultan who ruled in the 1500's. He was enthusiastic about architecture and built many schools and mosques. | 50 | |
| 63221799 | Akbar | Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus. | 51 | |
| 63221800 | syncretism | the union (or attempted fusion) of different systems of thought or belief (especially in religion or philosophy) | 52 | |
| 63221801 | Safavid | The shi'ite muslim dynasty that ruled in persia between the 16th and 18th centuries | 53 | |
| 63221802 | Shah Isma'il | founded the Safavids, Shiite faith, caused rebellion among the Ottomans | 54 | |
| 63221803 | Shah Abbas | Also known as Abbas the Great, took the throne in 1587 and helped create the Safavid culture | 55 | |
| 63221804 | Ming Dynasty | Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China. | 56 | |
| 63221805 | Qing Dynasty | Opium Wars, China's last imperial dynasty, which ruled from 1644 to 1912 and expanded China's borders to include Taiwan, Chinese Central Asia, Mongolia, and Tibet. | 57 | |
| 63225215 | Divine right of kings | A general term used for the ideas surrounding the authoity and legitimacy of a monarch, holding that a monarch derives his or her right to rule from the will of God and not from any temporal authority. | 58 | |
| 63225216 | creole | ethnic term first applied in the Caribbean region to the native born descendants of the Spanish conquerors and their local consorts | 59 | |
| 63225217 | mestizo | a person of mixed racial ancestry (especially mixed European and Native American ancestry) | 60 | |
| 63225218 | Thomas Hobbes | English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679) | 61 | |
| 63225219 | John Locke | English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract"; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property. Also, knowledge is gained from experience | 62 | |
| 63225220 | social contract | the notion that society is based on an agreement between government and the governed in which people agree to give up some rights in exchange for the protection of others | 63 | |
| 63225221 | Nicholas Copernicus | Polish astronomer comissioned by Pope Paul III to devise a new calendar that would fix the errors of the Julian calendar. Realized, through his oservations that the sun, not the earth, was at the center of the universe | 64 | |
| 63225222 | Johannes Kepler | German astronomer who first stated laws of planetary motion (1571-1630), discovered that the paths of the planets around the sun are elliptical rather that circular | 65 | |
| 63225223 | Gallileo Galilei | First to use the telescope to view the skies, made lots of discoveries about planets, moons, etc. | 66 | |
| 63225224 | Isaac Newton | English mathematician and scientist- invented differential calculus and formulated the theory of universal gravitation, a theory about the nature of light, and three laws of motion. was supposedly inspired by the sight of a falling apple. | 67 |
