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| the diagnosis that reflects the excessive anterior pituitary gland secretion of ACTH, can be caused by tumor on the adrenal or pituitary gland ( too much corisol, blood glucose rises extra glucose stored as fat in the face, abdomen, back of neck, high blood pressure) | ||
| (hyperadrenocorticism) a collection of signs and symptoms caused by an excessive level of cortisol hormone from any cause, symptoms include upper body obesity, facial puffiness (moon-shaped appearance), hyperglycemia, weakness, thin, and easily bruised skin with stria (stretch marks), hypertension, and osteoporosis. | ||
| insufficient steriod hormones involving both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Symptoms: weight loss and hypoglycemia | ||
| includes primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison Disease) and secondary hypocortisolism | ||
| causes adrenal atrophy and hypofunction and is an organ-specific autoimmune disease Autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex, associated with auto-immune polyendocrine system (APS), low cortisol, increased ACTH: | ||
| Low ACTH levels | ||
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone, produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex | ||
| secreted by the adrenal cortex they help to regulate metabolism of sodium choride and potassium. | ||
| These hormones affect ion transport by epithelial cells. Increases the activity of sodium pump of the epithelial cells. Causes sodium retention and K+ and hydrogen loss. | ||
| The most potent naturally occurring mineralcorticoid. It is regulated by the renin-angiotension system | ||
| adrenal gland overproduces aldosterone (adenoma or hyperplasia) causes an increase in sodium and water retention & potassium excretion in the kidneys. Leads to arterial hypertension.(Conn disease) | ||
| Overactivity of the renin-angiotension system. extra-renal cause of adrenal cortex overstimulation | ||
| the adrenal cortex secretes these | ||
| secretion of this hormone by the adrenal glands is minimal | ||
| androgens are converted by peripheral tissues to stronger androgens such as this hormone | ||
| Hypersecretion of adrenal androgens and estrogens | ||
| the development of female characteristics (loss of facial hair or breast enlargement) in a male because of hormonal disorder of the adrenal cortex | ||
| the abnormal development of male sexual characteristics in a female (usually as the result of hormone therapies or adrenal malfunction) | ||
| make and secrete catecholamines (epinephrine and norepinephrine) in adrenal medulla | ||
| release of catecholamines has been characterized as this type of response | ||
| The neurotransmitters dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, which are active in both the brain and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system., Adrenal glands secerets this to activate various organs that results in a phyiscal stress response. | ||
| catecholamines promote hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia? | ||
| caused by tumors derived from the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla (pheochromocytomas- tumors of the pheochromocytes or chromaffin cells) | ||
| adrenal medulla hyperfunction causes this which results in secretion of catecholamines on a continuous or episodic basis. |
