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| The normal human cell has 46 chromosomes. | ||
| A chromatin consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins called histones, while a chromosome is condensed chromatin. | ||
| The structure of DNA is as follows: The sugar-phosphate frame is on the outside, then connected are the deoxyribose, with phosphate groups in-between. Connected to the deoxyribose are the nucleic acids, and in between the two is a hydrogen bond. | ||
| The monomers of DNA are the nucleic acids. The nucleic acids are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. | ||
| Purines are either adenine or guanine, and they have 2 nitrogenous rings. A pyrimidine is either a cytosine or thymine, and they have only 1 nitrogenous ring. | ||
| A purine bonds with a pyrimidine so that all of the pairs are 3 nitrogenous rings across. | ||
| Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus, while eukaryotes do have a nucleus. | ||
| The weak hydrogen bonds hold the two bases together. | ||
| DNA is close to two meters long, but it fits inside the nucleus by wrapping itself around. | ||
| DNA replication is the process of replicating DNA. | ||
| The DNA strand breaks apart; the new base pairs come in with the new strand. DNA replicates to for DNA in a new cell. | ||
| The DNA polymerase is the principal enzyme associated with this process. | ||
| DNA replicates for DNA in a new cell. | ||
| DNA replication is known as semi-conservative because one strand is conserved, and another new one is made. | ||
| Proposed that the ability to cause disease was inherited. | ||
| Determined that DNA was responsible for transformation. | ||
| Determined that DNA was the genetic material. | ||
| Discovered that A=T and C=G | ||
| Helped Franklin with x-ray infractions. | ||
| Used x-ray infraction to help determine the structure of DNA. | ||
| Built 3D models to study the structure of DNA. | ||
| virus and bacteria caused lung infection. | ||
| virus that can infect bacteria, but has no effect on humans, which is why they were beneficial in the Hershey and Chase experiment; means "bacteria - eater" | ||
| process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria. Process discovered by Griffith in his experiment of smooth/ harmful and rough/harmless pneumonia bacteria. | ||
| DNA | ||
| Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base | ||
| A functional group or radical comprised of phosphorus attached to four oxygen, also part of the backbone of DNA with the 5-carbon sugar | ||
| includes the purines and pyrimidines, on the inner side of DNA, A nitrogen-containing molecule having the chemical properties of a base. | ||
| 2 Meters | ||
| short molecules of single-stranded DNA that are formed on the lagging strand during DNA replication. | ||
| single celled organism; no nucleus; DNA in cytoplasm- only 1 strand | ||
| complex organisms with nuclei; 1000x more DNA than prokaryotes; DNA found in Nucleus | ||
| consists of DNA that that is tightly coiled around proteins called histones; granular material visible within the nucleus | ||
| threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one gen of cells to the next | ||
| Have two rings in their structures | ||
| Have one ring | ||
| The enzymes in DNA that pushes the strain apart in to 2 | ||
| Enzyme that "proofreads" new DNA strands, helping to ensure that each molecule is a nearly perfect copy of the original DNA | ||
| Glues the spaces back together in DNA replication | ||
| As many as 1000 times the amount of DNA as prokaryotes found in nucleus as chromatin | ||
| Globular protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin | ||
| Lack nuclei | ||
| Visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins (pasta) | ||
| Threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next | ||
| adenine and thymine, guanine and cytosine | ||
| virus that can infect bacteria, but has no effect on humans, which is why they were beneficial in the Hershey and Chase experiment; means "bacteria - eater" |
