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AP Human Geography Chapter 10 Vocab

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52602744AgribusinessCommercial agriculture characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.
52602745AgricultureThe deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.
52602746Cereal GrainA grass yielding grain for food.
52602747chaffHusks of grain separated from the seed by threshing.
52602748combineA machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans gram while moving over a field.
52602749commercial agricultureAgriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.
52602750cropGrain or fruit gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season.
52602751crop rotationThe practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil.
52602752desertificationthe gradual transformation of habitable land into desert
52602753double croppingHarvesting twice a year from the same field.
52602754grainSeed of a cereal grass.
52602755green revolutionRapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers.
52602756horticultureThe growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.
52602757hullThe outer covering of a seed.
52602758intensive subsistence agricultureA form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.
52602759milkshedThe area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied.
52602760paddyMalay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah.
52602761pastureGrass or other plants grown for feeding grazing animals, as well as land used for grazing.
52602762pastoral nomadismA form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.
52602763plantationA large farm in tropical and subtropical climates that specializes in the production of one or two crops for sale, usually to a more developed country.
52602764prime agricultural landthe most productive farmland
52602765ranchingA form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area.
52602766reaperA machine that cuts grain standing in the field.
52602767ridge tillageSystem of planting crops on ridge tops, in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation.
52602768sawahA flooded field for growing rice
52602769seed agricultureReproduction of plants through annual introduction of seeds, which result from sexual fertilization.
52602770shifting cultivationA form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period.
52602771slash and burn agricultureAnother name for shifring cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris.
52602772spring wheatWheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer.
52602773subsistence agricultureAgriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family
52602774sustainable agricultureFarming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil- restoring crops with cash crops and reducing in-puts of fertilizer and pesticides.
52602775swiddenA patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning.
52602776threshTo beat out grain from stalks by trampling it.
52602777transhumaceThe seasoned migration of livestock between mountains and low land pastures.
52602778truck farmingCommercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning batering or the exchange of commodities.
52602779vegetative plantingreproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing plants
52602780wet riceRice planted on dryland in a nursery, then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth.
52602781winnowTo remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind.
52602782winter wheatWheat planted in the fall and harvested in the summer.

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