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| 318789950 | German Kingdoms | Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Lombards, Burdgundians, Angles/Saxons | 0 | |
| 318789951 | Charlemagne | Grandson of Charles Martel, founder of Carolingian empire, first to create an empire in Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire | 1 | |
| 318789952 | Norse Expansion | Scandinavian homelands, population pressure, attacked towns and villages | 2 | |
| 318789953 | Establishment of regional authorities | Ran by local Aristocrat | 3 | |
| 318789954 | Major sources of order | Feudalism and Catholic Church | 4 | |
| 318789955 | Manors | Largely self-sufficient communities | 5 | |
| 318789956 | Mideval Warming Period | warmer temperatures | 6 | |
| 318789957 | Mediterranean trade | merchants trade with Muslims | 7 | |
| 318789958 | Hanseatic League | Norse merchant mariners | 8 | |
| 318789959 | Roles of monasteries (monks) | dominant feature in social and cultural life, organized much of labor force | 9 | |
| 318789960 | Problems in the church | village priests married, bishops sold church positions, kings were in control of determining who was to be a bishop, Avignon Papacy (Babylon Captivity of the Papacy), Great Schism | 10 | |
| 318789961 | Crusades | failed to take over Palestine from the Muslims, encouraged trade with Muslims; demands for luxury goods increased | 11 | |
| 318789962 | Holy Roman Empire | proclaimed Otto emperor in 962, church officials would no longer be appointed by local rulers | 12 | |
| 318789963 | Last successful invasion | Duke William of Normandy invaded England in 1066 | 13 | |
| 318789964 | Prosperous northern Italian city-states | Florence, Bologna, Genoa, Milan, Venice | 14 | |
| 318789965 | Feudalism/Manorialism | greatest need was protection from invaders | 15 | |
| 318789966 | Primogeniture | land and titles were passed down to the eldest son | 16 | |
| 318789967 | Crop rotation methods | grew crops on 2/3 property, equals more food | 17 | |
| 318789968 | agricultural techniques and tools | manure as fertilizer, books and treatises, heavy plows. Lead to population growth | 18 | |
| 318789969 | Clergy | "Those who pray" | 19 | |
| 318789970 | Nobles, Military | "Those who fight" | 20 | |
| 318789971 | Peasants, serfs | "Those who work" | 21 | |
| 318789972 | Chivalry | widely recognized code of ethics and behavior for the feudal nobles (Japanese - Bushido) | 22 | |
| 318789973 | Guilds | regulated production, sale of goods, standards of quality for manufactured goods, determined prices, regulated entry of new workers. Social significance: friendship, mutual support, built halls. Most admitted women, some had their own | 23 | |
| 318789974 | Caravel | allowed sailing against the wind | 24 | |
| 318789975 | All tied to the church | schools, universities, and scholastic theology | 25 | |
| 318789976 | Bantu migration | spread agriculture and herding, displaced and/or absorbed hunting/gathering/fishing people, Iron metallurgy for clearing more land; yams, sorghum, and millet cultivated | 26 | |
| 318789977 | stateless society | kin-based society, elaborate bureaucracy, governed through family and kinship groups, village council consisted of male family heads | 27 | |
| 318789978 | Chiefdoms | imposed authority and conquered | 28 | |
| 318789979 | Kingdom of Kongo | states/kingdoms along Congo River | 29 | |
| 318789980 | Ghana | most important commercial site, provided gold, ivory, slaves | 30 | |
| 318789981 | Mali | controlled and taxed almost all trade passing through west Africa, enormous caravans from Mali to North Africa | 31 | |
| 318789982 | Sundiata | lion prince that built Mali empire | 32 | |
| 318789983 | Mansa Musa | grandnephew of Sundiata, pilgrimage to Mecca, established Islamic schools | 33 | |
| 318789984 | Songhai | replaced Mali, controlled trade | 34 | |
| 318789985 | Swahili city-states | Kush and Axum | 35 | |
| 318789986 | Language of trade | Swahili language combined with Bantu and Arabic | 36 | |
| 318789987 | Zimbabwe | powerful kingdom, kings organized flow of gold, ivory, and slaves | 37 | |
| 318789988 | King's power | based on the amount of trade he controlled | 38 | |
| 318789989 | Sex and Gender relations | men undertook heavy labor, women responsible for child rearing, domestic chores, men monopolized public authority, women were a high honor as the source of life | 39 | |
| 318789990 | Slavery | captives of war, debtors, criminals, slave trade increased after the eleventh century | 40 |
