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| 27265406 | Society of Cincinnati | A historic organization with branches in the United States and France founded in 1783 to preserve the ideals and fellowship of the Revolutionary War officers and to pressure the government to honor pledges it had made to officers who fought for American independence. | |
| 27265407 | Alexander Hamilton | First Secretary of the Treasury, a Founding Father, economist, and political philosopher. | |
| 27265408 | James Madison | Politician and political philosopher who served as the fourth President of the United States considered to be the "Father of the Constitution" | |
| 27265409 | The Annapolis Convention | Interstate convention called by Virginia to discuss a uniform regulation of commerce with only 5 of the 13 states | |
| 27265410 | The Virginia Plan | Number of delegates in Congress per state based upon that state's population. | |
| 27265411 | New Jersey Plan | Each state has equal representation in Congress | |
| 27265412 | "The Great Compromise" | Compromise between the New Jersey and Virginia plans in which two houses of Congress were created, one in which the number of delegates were decided by a state's population, the other in which each state had equal representation. | |
| 27265413 | Three-Fifths Compromise | Compromise between northern and southern states in which 3/5 of the slave population was counted for the census | |
| 27265414 | Checks and balances | Principle of government under which separate branches are empowered to prevent actions by other branches and are induced to share power | |
| 27265415 | Separation of Powers | Division of the legislative, executive, and judicial functions of government | |
| 27265416 | Washington's Farewell Address | Speech in which Washington advised against political parties and involvement in foreign affairs | |
| 27265417 | Quasi War with France | Undeclared sea war fought between France and the U.S. between 1798 and 1800 | |
| 27265418 | XYZ Affair | Agents of French foreign minister Talleyrand demanded a $250,000 bribe from American delegates in exchange for a meeting with him | |
| 27265419 | Alien and Sedition Acts | Acts designed to protect the United States from alien citizens of enemy powers and to stop seditious attacks from weakening the government. The Democratic-Republicans attacked them as being both unconstitutional and designed to stifle criticism of the administration | |
| 27265420 | Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions | Political statements in favor of states' rights and Strict Constructionism written secretly by Vice President Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. | |
| 27265421 | Federalists | Statesmen and public figures supporting the administrations of Presidents George Washington and John Adams, also called the Federalist Party, founded by Alexander Hamilton. It opposed the Democratic-Republican Party during the 1800s. | |
| 27265422 | Anti-Federalists | A political philosophy in which the central governing authority of a nation should be equal or inferior to, but not having more power than, its sub-national states | |
| 27265423 | The Federalist Papers | A series of 85 articles advocating the ratification of the United States Constitution. | |
| 27265424 | The ratification process | It was required that conventions of nine of the thirteen original States ratify the constitution. Once word was received that the ninth state had ratified the constitution - New Hampshire, June 21, 1788 - a timetable was set for the start of operations under the Constitution, and on March 4, 1789, the government under the Constitution began operations. | |
| 27265425 | The Judiciary Act of 1789 | Congress provided for a Supreme Court of six members and a system of lower district courts and courts of appeal, also giving the Supreme Court the power to make the final decisions in cases involving the constitution or state laws. | |
| 27265426 | Assumption of state debts | Plan by Hamilton meant to tie the states more securely to fed gov; created huge national debt | |
| 27265427 | The Bank of the United States | Hamilton's Bill created this national establishment which produced heated debates about whether national government had authority to create it since this establishment wasn't mention in the constitution. | |
| 27265428 | Hamilton's bank bill | Bill created by Hamilton to form America's first national bank | |
| 27265430 | Whiskey Rebellion | Uprising of farmers in western Pennsylvania to protest a federal tariff on whiskey | |
| 27265431 | Bill of Rights | The first 10 amendments to the constitution(ratified in 1791) | |
| 27265432 | Jay's Treaty | Agreement between Britain and the US where Britain agreed to pay damages for US ships they had seized - in exchange the US would repay debits they owed to Britain | |
| 27265433 | Pinckney's Treaty | Agreement between the United States and Spain that changed Florida's borders and reopened the port of New Orleans to American merchants | |
| 27265434 | Revolution of 1800 | First peaceful change of power between political parties. Federalists lost control of both Congress and the presidency | |
| 27265435 | Aaron Burr | Served as the 3rd Vice President of the United States. Member of the Republicans and President of the Senate during his Vice Presidency. He was defamed by the press, often by writings of Hamilton. Challenged Hamilton to a duel in 1804 and killed him. | |
| 27265436 | Midnight appointments | Adams signed the commissions for these Federal judges during his last night in office. Demonstrated the Federalists' last minute attempt to keep some power in the newly Republican Government. |
