AP Biology Chapter 51: Behavioral Biology Vocabulary
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| 94459367 | Ethology | the study of animal behavior in natural conditions. | 0 | |
| 94459368 | Fixed action pattern (FAP) | a sequence of behavioral acts that is especially unchangeable and usually carried to completion once initiated. pg. 1124 | 1 | |
| 94459369 | Sign stimulus | a FAP that is triggered by an external sensory stimulus. pg. 1124 | 2 | |
| 94459370 | Behavior ecology | the research field that views behavior as an evolutionary adaptation to the ecological conditions of animals. pg 1126 | 3 | |
| 94459371 | Foraging | food obtaining behaviors including not only eating, but the mechanism animal uses to recognize, search for and capture food. pg. 1127 | 4 | |
| 94459372 | Optimal foraging theory | the basis for analyzing foraging behavior as a compromise of feeding costs verses feeding benefits. pg. 1127 | 5 | |
| 94459373 | Learning | the modification of behavior (behavioral change) resulting from specific experiences. pg. 1128 | 6 | |
| 94459374 | Maturation | behavior that changes because of ongoing developmental changes in neuromuscular systems. pg 1129 | 7 | |
| 94459375 | Habituation | a very simple type of learning that involves loss of responsiveness to stimuli that convey little or no information. pg. 1129 | 8 | |
| 94459376 | Imprinting | learning that is limited to a specific time period in an animal's life and is generally irreversible; a learned behavior with a significant innate component, aired during a critical period. pg 1129 | 9 | |
| 94459377 | Sensitive period | a limited phase in an individual animal's development when learning of particular behaviors can take place. pg. 1130 | 10 | |
| 94459378 | Associative learning | the ability of animals to associate one stimuli with another. ex.: classical conditioning and operant conditioning. pg. 1132 | 11 | |
| 94459379 | Classical conditioning | type of associative learning where the animal learns to associate an arbitrary stimulus with a reward or punishment. pg. 1132 | 12 | |
| 94459380 | Operant conditioning | type of associative learning where the animal learns to associate one of it's own behaviors with a reward or punishment. pg. 1132 | 13 | |
| 94459381 | Play | behavior that has no apparent external goal but involves movements closely associated with goal-directed behaviors. pg.1132 | 14 | |
| 94459382 | Cognition | the ability of an animal's nervous system to perceive, store, process, and use information gathered by sensory receptors. Consciousness, or awareness. pg. 1133 | 15 | |
| 94459383 | Cognitive Ethology | the study of animal cognition examines the connection between an animal's nervous system and it's behaviors. pg. 1134 | 16 | |
| 94459384 | Kinesis | a simple change in activity or turning rate in response to stimuli. pg. 1134 | 17 | |
| 94459385 | Taxis | movement toward or away from a stimulus. pg. 1134 | 18 | |
| 94459386 | Landmark | a point of reference for orientation during navigation. pg. 1134 | 19 | |
| 94459387 | Cognitive map | an internal representation (within the nervous system) , or code, of the spatial relationship among objects in an animal's surroundings. pg.1134 | 20 | |
| 94459388 | Migration | regular movement over relatively long distances. pg.1134 | 21 | |
| 94459389 | Social behavior | ay kind of interaction between two or more animals, usually of the same species. pg. 1137 | 22 | |
| 94459390 | Sociobiology | the study of social behavior based on evolutional theory. pg. 1137 | 23 | |
| 94459391 | Agonistic behavior | a type of behavior involving a contest of some kind that determines which competitor gains access to some resource, such as food or mates. pg. 1138 | 24 | |
| 94459392 | Ritual | a type of symbolic activity. pg 1138 | 25 | |
| 94459393 | Reconciliation behavior | post-conflict behavior that renews friendly relations. pg. 1138 | 26 | |
| 94459394 | Dominance hierarchy | a linier "pecking order" of animals, where positions dictate characteristic social behaviors. pg. 1138 | 27 | |
| 94459395 | Territory | an area that an individual or individuals defend and from which other members of the same species are usually excluded. pg. 1138 | 28 | |
| 94459396 | Courtship | behavior patterns that lead up to copulation or gamete release. pg.1140 | 29 | |
| 94459397 | Parental investment | the time and resources and individual must spend to produce and nurture offspring. pg.1141 | 30 | |
| 94459398 | Promiscuous | mating with no strong pair bonds or lasting relationships. pg.1142 | 31 | |
| 94459399 | Monogamous | mating were the mates stay together for longer periods of time.; one male with one female. pg. 1142 | 32 | |
| 94459400 | Polygamous | a type of relationship in which an individual of one sex mates with several of the other. Two types are progeny and polyandry. pg.1142 | 33 | |
| 94459401 | Polygamy | a polygamous mating system involving one male and many females. pg.1142 | 34 | |
| 94459402 | Polyandry | a polygamous mating system involving one female and many males. pg.1142 | 35 | |
| 94459403 | Signal | a behavior that causes a change in behavior in another animal. pg.1142 | 36 | |
| 94459404 | Communication | the transmission of, reception of, and response to signals. pg.1142 | 37 | |
| 94459405 | Pheromones | a small, volatile chemical signal (odor) that functions in communication between animals and acts much like a hormone in influencing physiology and behavior. pg.1143 | 38 | |
| 94459406 | Altruism | behavior that reduces an individual's fitness while increasing the fitness of another individual. pg.1145 | 39 | |
| 94459407 | Inclusive fitness | the total effect an individual has on proliferating its genes by producing its own offspring and by providing aid that enables other close relatives to increase the production of their offspring. pg.1146 | 40 | |
| 94459408 | Coefficient of relatedness | equals the probability that a particular gene present in one individual will also be inherited from a common parent or ancestor in a second individual. pg.1146 | 41 | |
| 94459409 | Hamilton's rule | the principle that for natural selection to favor an altruistic act, the benefit to the recipient, devalued (multiplied) by the coefficient of relatedness, must exceed cost to altruist. ( rB > C ) pg.1146 | 42 | |
| 94459410 | Kin selection | a phenomenon of inclusive fitness, used to explain altruistic behavior between related individuals. pg.1147 | 43 | |
| 94459411 | Reciprocal altruism | altruistic behavior between unrelated individuals, whereby the current altruistic individual benefits in the future when the current beneficiary reciprocates. pg.1147 | 44 |
