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Alberts' Essential Cell Biology Chapter 1 Flashcards

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914847033Robert Hooke (1665)English scientist who observed cork under a microscope. First to use the word "cell" in reference to biology.1
914847034Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)Dutch pioneer microscopist who was among the first to observe single-celled organisms, sperm cells, red blood cells, etc. Often called the father of microbiology.2
914847035Robert Brown (1833)Scottish botanist who was the first to observe nucleus3
914847036Matthias Schleiden (1838)German physiologist and histologist who observed that embryonic plants came from just one cell. Also helped formulate Cell Theory.4
914847037Theodor Schwann (1839)German physiologist and histologist who formulated Cell Theory.5
914847038Louis Pasteur (1860)French microbiologist who modified the Cell Theory to include that cells must come from pre-existing cells.6
914847039Cell TheoryAll organisms have 1 or more cells; the cell is the basic unit of structure for all cells; all cells must come from pre-existing cells.7
914847040Light Microscope(Wheat rust)8
914847041Fluorescence Microscopy(Image of a neuron)9
914847042SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope)(Fruit fly)10
914847043TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope)(Section of a nerve)11
914847044ProkaryotesCells which do not contain a nucleus12
914847045EukaryotesCells which contain a nucleus13
914869291Average size of cells5-20 μm14
914869292Minimum resolution by naked eye200 μm15
914869293Minimum resolvable by light microscope200 nm16
914869294Minimum resolvable by electron microscope0.2 nm17
914884747DNAgenetic information store18
914884748Symbiosisthe relation between two different species of organisms that are interdependent. As in when one benefits, so does the other, and vice-versa.19
914884749Endosymbiotic theoryThe theory that several key organelles of eukaryotes originated as symbioses between separate single-celled organisms.20
914884750MitochondriaOrganelle that harnesses the energy from oxidation of food molecules to produce ATP21
914884751Aerobic organismsOrganisms that can use oxygen for cellular respiration.22
914884752Anaerobic organismsOrganisms that cannot live in oxygen-rich environments.23
914884753ChlorophyllGreen pigment in chloroplasts24
914884754Photosynthesisthe process of using the energy from sunlight to create energy-rich sugar molecules.25
916287945ChloroplastsThe primary organelle that takes place in photosynthesis26
916287946Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)site at which most cell membrane components and materials destined for export from the cell are made.27
916287947Golgi Apparatusreceives and/or modifies molecules made in ER before preparing them for excretion28
916287948LysosomesWhere intracellular digestion occurs.29
918324572E. ColiModel bacteria which contributed to DNA replication, gene transcription, translation30
918324573Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast)Minimal model eukaryote which contributed to the understanding of the cell cycle31
918324574Arabidopsis thalianaModel plant to which all flowering plants are closely related32
918324575Drosophila melanogaster ("fruit fly")Model animal which contributed to genetics development33
918324576C. elegans ("the worm")first animal genome to be sequenced; location, lineage and fate of every cell in embryo, larva and adult is known34
918324577MouseModel mammal35

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