Campbell essential biology topic list
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| 854679425 | Cell theory | all living things are composed of cells and all cells come from other cells. | 0 | |
| 854679426 | Plasma membrane | controls what goes into and out of the cell. | 1 | |
| 854679427 | Cytoplasm | cells have a thick, jelly-like fluid full of enzymes. | 2 | |
| 854679428 | Chromosome | cells have one or more carrying genes made of DNA | 3 | |
| 854679429 | Ribosome | tiny structures that build proteins according to the instructions from the DNA | 4 | |
| 854679430 | Cell junctions | structures that connect cells together into tissues, allowing them to function in a coordinated way. | 5 | |
| 854679431 | Nucleus | a membrane bound structure that houses most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA | 6 | |
| 854679432 | Organelles | membrane-enclosed structures that perform specific functions | 7 | |
| 854679433 | Nuclear envelope | membrane tha separated the nucleus from the cytoplasm | 8 | |
| 854679434 | Nucleolus | dark spot in the nucleus where ribosomes are made | 9 | |
| 854679435 | The process of protein synthesis | the formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA | 10 | |
| 854679436 | Pathway of the endomembrane system | the collective membranes of the eukaryotic cell that regulates protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell, all related through direct physical continuity or by the transfer of membrane segments as tiny vesicles | 11 | |
| 854679437 | Rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough RE) | produces proteins- it is called rough because it is studded with ribosomes. These ribosomes produce membrane proteins and secretory proteins | 12 | |
| 854679438 | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth RE) | produces lipids such as steroids and other hormones. Helps liver cells detoxify circulating drugs. Smooth because it does not have ribosomes | 13 | |
| 854679439 | Transport Vesicle | sacs made of membrane that bud off from the rough ER. Some products manufactured by rough ER are dispatched to other locations in the cell using it. | 14 | |
| 854679440 | Golgi aparatus | works in partnership with the ER. Receives, refines, stores, and distributes chemical products of the cell. | 15 | |
| 854679441 | Lysosome | is a membrane-bound sac of digestive enzymes found in animal cells. break down large molecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, fats, and nucleic acids. Destroy harmful bacteria, break down damaged organelles, and sculpt tissues during embryonic development, helping to form structures such as fing. | 16 | |
| 854679442 | Vacuole | are large sacs of membrane that bud from the ER, golgi apparatus, or plasma membrane. (Plants) Store organic nutrients, absorb water, and may quarantine pigments or poisons. | 17 | |
| 854679443 | Photosynthesis | is the conversion of light energy from the sun to the chemical energy of sugar and other organic molecules. | 18 | |
| 854679444 | Chloroplast | Use energy produced by the sun to make glucose and cellular components | 19 | |
| 854679445 | Mitochondria | Use glucose to produce cellular energy, ATP. Found in both animal AND plant cells. | 20 | |
| 854679446 | Mitochondria structure | Consists of an envelope of two membranes enclose the mitochondrion: an outer smooth membrane and an inner membrane that has numerous infoldings called cristae and encloses a thick fluid called the matrix | 21 | |
| 854679447 | Cellular Respiration | the conversion of chemical energy of sugar to the cellular energy of ATP by the mitichondria | 22 | |
| 854679448 | Endosymbiant theory and support | Several lines of support suggest that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotes that were incorporated into the eukaryotic cell in the distant past. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have: extra membranes, their own DNA, their own Ribosomes, and can make their own proteins. In addition, they divide independently of the cell they are in, acting like prokaryotes living inside a eukaryote. | 23 | |
| 854679449 | Cytoskeleton | is a network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm. Provides mechanical support to the cell. Helps a cell maintain its shape. Helps the cell move. | 24 | |
| 854679450 | Microtubules | are straight and hollow tubes that guide the movement of organelles and chromosomes. Cytoskeleton contains several types of fibers made from different proteins. | 25 | |
| 854679451 | Intermediate filaments and microfilaments | are thinner and are located right under the cell membrane to help with its structure. Cytoskeleton contains several types of fibers made from different proteins. | 26 | |
| 854679452 | Flagella | propel the cell through their undulating, whiplike motion. Motile appendages, made of microtubules, that aid in movement. | 27 | |
| 854679453 | Cilia | move in a coordinated back-and-forth motion. Motile appendages, made of microtubules, that aid in movement. | 28 | |
| 854679454 | Cell wall | a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell, strong wall outside a plant cell's plasma membrane that protects the cell and maintains its shape | 29 | |
| 854679455 | Extracellular Matrix | The substance in which animal tissue cells are embedded consisting of protein and polysaccharides. Have lysosomes- bubbles of digestive enzymes surrounded by membrane. | 30 |
