APUSH Chapter 23
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| 1405555591 | U.S. Grant | war hero from North, cherished by Northerners, not a good politician and narrow minded- started a chain of bad events. wom only because of strong Republican party + civil war, gave in easily to the spoils system (handing out jobs) | 0 | |
| 1405555592 | Ohio Idea | to pay back war debts with greenbacks or bills. mainly vouched by midwestern Democrats, Eastern Republicans wanted it in gold... | 1 | |
| 1405555593 | Jim Fisk | the go-getter in the Fisk and Gold ring, both bribed Grant's brother and manipulated both men into helping raise prices of gold. the bubble burst on Black Friday 1869and they earned a profit. treasury had to release gold. | 2 | |
| 1405555594 | Hay Gould | the smarter one in the Fisk and Gould ring, gold market bubble burst on Black Friday but made off with money... | 3 | |
| 1405555595 | Tweed Ring (William Tweed) | "Boss Tweed" used bribery, graft, and faudulent elections to scam New Yorkers out of $200 million, eventually NY times published an expose and he ended up dying in jail... | 4 | |
| 1405555596 | Thomas Nest | cartoonist who pilloried Tweed for an illiterate audience, turned down bribe to tell the truth... | 5 | |
| 1405555597 | Samuel J. Tilden | New York attorney who headed the prosecution of William Tweed. had a presidential nomination, lost race eventually... | 6 | |
| 1405555598 | Credit Mobilier | Union Pacific Road formed this company, hired themselves at a ridiculous wage. to have their comn men stay unnoticed, bribed the U.S. Vice Pres and congressmen... | 7 | |
| 1405555599 | Whiskey Ring | robbed the treasury of a lot of money through excise taxes. Grant's secretary was accused, then let off hook. secretary of war William Belknap had to resign, too... | 8 | |
| 1405555600 | William Belknap | Grant's secretary of war had a forced resignation after it was discovered that he was a part of the Whiskey Ring... | 9 | |
| 1405555601 | Horace Greeley | NY Times editor who was dogmatic, emotional, and unstable in his political views. endorsed by Liberal Republicans who wanted Grant's corruption and military reconstruction to be done away with, despite his contempt for them. "Grant is a drunk crook"... | 10 | |
| 1405555602 | Liberal Republicans | wanted an end to military reconstruction and to get rid of Grant's corruption. Nominated Horace Greeley for president... | 11 | |
| 1405555603 | Panic of 1873 | caused by overspeculation in railroad stock, railroad track laying, factories, grain, banking credit, until no more profits ensued + companies went under... | 12 | |
| 1405555604 | hard money | made of gold and silver, actually worth something, using this as main currency would promote deflation, hard to get, value based on quantity (rich people from Northeast endorsed this) | 13 | |
| 1405555605 | cheap money | paper bills that only stood for something if it was backed up by gold reserve. using this would promote inflation (farmers endorsed this)... | 14 | |
| 1405555606 | Resumption Act 1875 | withdrawing greenbacks from circulation, made it worth the same as gold, "as good as gold"... | 15 | |
| 1405555607 | contraction | replacing bills with gold to back it up, paper as good as gold, smaller amount of money in circulation ,deflation... | 16 | |
| 1405555608 | Gilded Age | sarcastic name given by Mark Twain to talk about 30 years after the Civil War, everything seemed glam + peaceful, but underneath, economic disparity says otherwise (robber barons)... | 17 | |
| 1405555609 | Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) | a fraternal organization for Union vets from the Civil War- Republican, mostly... | 18 | |
| 1405555610 | Roscoe Conkling | U.S. senator NY swapping civil service jobs for votes. 1870s-80s, republican, conklingite ... | 19 | |
| 1405555611 | James G. Blaine (2) | Conklingites' rival, known as Half Breeds, another patronage system for civil service jobs. Also Republican | 20 | |
| 1405555612 | Rutherford B. Hayes | Republican candidate for president as nominated by bickering factions of his party. "The Great Unknown", Ohio gov. 3x, swing state... | 21 | |
| 1405555613 | Compromise of 1877 | set up an electoral commission 15 men from Senate, House, and Supreme Court. ended up letting Hayes win, if troops left Louisiana + South Carolina, and a railroad ran through Texas, Democrats get patronage... | 22 | |
| 1405555614 | Electoral Count Act | 15 ppl from House Senate, Supreme court decide who gets electoral vote from state returns... | 23 | |
| 1405555615 | Civil Rights Act 1875 | prohibited racism jury selection, = accomodations in public but in the 1883 Civil Rights cases, 14th Amendment says it only protects government violations and not individual cases of discrimination... | 24 | |
| 1405555616 | Redeemers | Southern Democrats, white, try to establish old order of whites>blacks, can have political power again... | 25 | |
| 1405555617 | crop-lien | small farmers get credit, so can get food + supplies in exchange for harvests, forever in debt to whites, share cropping | 26 | |
| 1405555618 | Jim Crow | series of laws that made blacks "subordinate" justified horrible treatment + segregation on a state level... | 27 | |
| 1405555619 | Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 | justified South's segregationalist policies through "separate but equal" protection of 14th Amendment. Blacks definitely NOT treated equally as whites | 28 | |
| 1405555620 | Kearneyites | Denis Kearnmen, Irishman who incited his followers to violently abuse the Chinese. Hated them for cheap labor competition. Some murdered Chinese. | 29 | |
| 1405555621 | Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 | prohibiting all immigration from China into the U.S. until 1943 | 30 | |
| 1405555622 | U.S. v. Wong Kim Ark 1898 | using 14th Amendment, birth right citizenship, jus soli and not jus sanguinis... | 31 | |
| 1405555623 | James A. Garfield | dark horse from 1880, Republican, a year later, he was assassinated by Charles Guiteau with a shotgun (after grant was voted out)... | 32 | |
| 1405555624 | Chester A. Arthur | Stalwart, rich, powerful but fought against corruption in politics... | 33 | |
| 1405555625 | Pendleton Act 1883 | "magna carta" of civil service, campaign contributions from federal employees illegal, based on examinations... | 34 | |
| 1405555626 | James G. Blaine | half-breed, 1884, choice for Republicans, involved in expose, he was making a corrupt deal with railroad workers, drove followers away. Stupid Republican speech from someone else drove Irish Voters away, "Rum Romanism Rebellion"... | 35 | |
| 1405555627 | Grover Cleveland | lawyer, good, honest, affair led Democrats to move to the other side. Won by small margin. Named 2 confederates in Cabinet, fird gov. employees 4 Democrats. had to veto giving pensions to war servicemen + disabilities. Tariffs low --> low prices-->fewer monopolies... | 36 | |
| 1405555628 | Mugwumps | Republicans who hated Blane enough to switch to the Democratic party.... | 37 | |
| 1405555629 | William Henry Harrison | Old Tippecanoe, war hero, grandfather of Benjamin Harrison | 38 | |
| 1405555630 | repeaters/floaters | "voting cattle", corrupt ppl, can purchase easily sway their ballot. Employed by Republicans.... | 39 | |
| 1405555631 | McKinley Tariff Act of 1890 | boosting duties to 48. 4% peacetime | 40 | |
| 1405555632 | Farmers' Alliance | militant organization of southern and western framers, 9 members in Congress... | 41 | |
| 1405555633 | Populists | political party, "People Party" -inflation, free unlimited coining 16oz Ag vs 1oz Au -graduated income tax -gov. owner ship of railroads, telegraph, telephone -direct election of Senators -1 term limit on the Pres. -immigration on restriction -shorter work day... | 42 | |
| 1405555634 | James B. Weaver | presidential nominee, greenbacker not many votes, but sig. 3rd party presence... | 43 | |
| 1405555635 | HJomestead | 160 acres of land by living on 5 years, federal troops | 44 | |
| 1405555636 | Coeur d'Alene | smashed a strike here. workers' unrest... | 45 | |
| 1405555637 | Colored Farmers' National Alliance | militant southern Black Farmers, shared complaint with poor white farmers, hated populists | 46 | |
| 1405555638 | Tom Watson | member of Populist party who wanted to win over Black votes in the south to boost their polling numbers. Fed up with Republicans (who didn't help them as much anymore as reconstruction was over), democratic whites saw their voting potential and sought to oppress them. populist party weak w/o black support, eventually became a racist | 47 | |
| 1405555639 | Depression of 1893 | most devastating economic downturn of the century. lasted for 4 years, overbuilding, speculation, labor disorder, agricultural troubles, free Ag | 48 | |
| 1405555640 | Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890 | required the government to purchase 4.5 million oz of Ag every month, paid people who could mine notes that were redeemable for Ag or Au. wanted to create a demand for silver, especially after discontinuation of silver coins in the 1870s | 49 | |
| 1405555641 | William Jennings Bryan | Nebraskan congressman, Democrat, spoke for 3 hours championing free Ag. Eventually alienated by Cleveland | 50 | |
| 1405555642 | J.P. Morgan | lead banker in the United States, called upon by Cleveland to bail out the U.S. when gold reserves hit the dangerous low of $41 million. Cleveland called a sellout, but single handedly preserved the integrity of US currency overseas | 51 |
