GEEN to proTEEN
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| 1341832007 | in this hereditary condition, the urine is black because it contains a chemical which darkens upon exposure to air | alkaptonuria | 0 | |
| 1341832008 | these two scientists worked with Neurospora crassa | Beadle, Tatum | 1 | |
| 1341832009 | Beadle and Tatum bombarded this fungus with X-rays | Neurospora crassa | 2 | |
| 1341832010 | Beadle and Tatum bombarded Neurospora with these | X-rays | 3 | |
| 1341832011 | Neurospora crassa can survive in the laboratory on agar, inorganic salts, glucose, and biotin, a mixture called this | minimal medium | 4 | |
| 1341832012 | for Neurospora crassa, this is a minimal medium plus all amino acids and some other nutrients | complete growth medium | 5 | |
| 1341832013 | Beadle and Tatum supported the one-gene-one-___ hypothesis | enzyme | 6 | |
| 1341832014 | Beadle and Tatum's original idea is now stated usually as one-gene-one-___ | polypeptide | 7 | |
| 1341832015 | ornithine becomes this, in the synthesis of arginine | citrulline | 8 | |
| 1341832016 | citrulline comes from this, in the synthesis of arginine | ornithine | 9 | |
| 1341832017 | citrulline becomes this, in the synthesis of arginine | arginine | 10 | |
| 1341832018 | arginine comes from this, in its own synthesis | citrulline | 11 | |
| 1341832019 | the DNA strand that is transcribed is called the ___ strand because it provides the pattern for the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript | template | 12 | |
| 1341832020 | the term codon is also used for the DNA base triplets along the ___ strand | nontemplate | 13 | |
| 1341832021 | the nontemplate strand is also called the ___ strand | coding | 14 | |
| 1341832022 | coding strand is also called the ___ strand | sense | 15 | |
| 1341832023 | nontemplate = coding = ___ | sense | 16 | |
| 1341832024 | nontemplate = ___ = sense | coding | 17 | |
| 1341832025 | ___ = coding = sense | nontemplate | 18 | |
| 1341832026 | template = noncoding = ___ | antisense | 19 | |
| 1341832027 | template = ___ = antisense | noncoding | 20 | |
| 1341832028 | ___ = noncoding = antisense | template | 21 | |
| 1341832029 | this amino acid is coded for by one of the stop codons only in archaea | pyrrolysine | 22 | |
| 1341832030 | this amino acid is a component of some bacterial proteins and even some human enzymes, and is coded for by a stop codon | selenocysteine | 23 | |
| 1341832031 | this enzyme pries the two strands of DNA apart and joins the RNA nucleotides as they base-pair along the DNA template | RNA polymerase | 24 | |
| 1341832032 | the DNA sequence where the RNA polymerase attaches and initiates transcription is known as this | promoter | 25 | |
| 1341832033 | in bacteria, the sequence that signals the end of transcription is called this | terminator | 26 | |
| 1341832034 | the stretch of DNA that is transcribed into RNA is called this | transcription unit | 27 | |
| 1341832035 | the RNA polymerase in eukaryotes used for mRNA synthesis is called RNA pol ___ | II | 28 | |
| 1341832036 | the whole complex of transcription factors and RNA polymerase II bound to the promoter is called this | transcription initiation complex | 29 | |
| 1341832037 | this is a crucial promoter DNA sequence | TATA box | 30 | |
| 1341832038 | this is the signal sequence in eukaryotes that indicates RNA polymerase to stop | AAUAAA | 31 | |
| 1341832039 | this is the name of AAUAAA | polyadenylation (signal sequence) | 32 | |
| 1341832040 | 5' cap is a modified form of this nucleotide | G(uanine) | 33 | |
| 1341832041 | are UTRs exons or introns? | exons | 34 | |
| 1341832042 | snRNPs stands for these | small nuclear ribonucleoproteins | 35 | |
| 1341832043 | this is the RNA in a snRNP | snRNA | 36 | |
| 1341832044 | snRNA stands for this | small nuclear RNA | 37 | |
| 1341832045 | these make up a spliceosome | snRNPs | 38 | |
| 1341832046 | this process is mixing-and-matching of RNA; introns increase the probability of potentially beneficial crossing over between exons by providing more terrain for crossovers without interruption | exon shuffling | 39 | |
| 1341832047 | tRNAs carry these, which base pair with their anti-namesake on RNA | anticodons | 40 | |
| 1341832048 | the amino acid attachment site has this sequence, from 5' to 3' | CCA | 41 | |
| 1341832049 | these enzymes combine amino acids and tRNAs | aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases | 42 | |
| 1341832050 | aminoacyl tRNA is called "___" tRNA | charged | 43 | |
| 1341832051 | charged tRNA is actually ___ tRNA | aminoacyl | 44 | |
| 1341832052 | P in "APE" stands for this | peptidyl | 45 | |
| 1341832053 | "E" in "APE" stands for this two word term | exit tunnel | 46 | |
| 1341832054 | in eukaryotes, the small subunit of ribosome, with the tRNA already bound, binds to this of the mRNA | 5' cap | 47 | |
| 1341832055 | small subunit of ribosome binds to the 5' cap and then ___ downstream along the mRNA until it finds the start codon | scans | 48 | |
| 1341832056 | mRNA, initiator tRNA, and small ribosomal subunit is followed by attachment of large subunit, completing this | translation intiation complex | 49 | |
| 1341832057 | this molecule is used for energy to form the initiation complex of a ribosome, mRNA, and tRNA | GTP | 50 | |
| 1341832058 | the methionine at the amino end is called the ___-terminus | N | 51 | |
| 1341832059 | the final amino acid at the carboxyl end is called the ___-terminus | C | 52 | |
| 1341832060 | addition of an amino acid to the growing chain involves the participation of several proteins called these | elongation factors | 53 | |
| 1341832061 | this number of GTP is involved in adding one amino acid to a growing chain (from discovery to addition) | 2 | 54 | |
| 1341832062 | when a ribosome reaches a stop codon on mRNA, the A site of the ribosome accepts a "___" which is shaped like a tRNA | release factor | 55 | |
| 1341832063 | this number of GTP is involved with dissociation of ribosome and release factor and mRNA | 2 | 56 | |
| 1341832064 | strings of ribosomes are called these for short | polysomes | 57 | |
| 1341832065 | the polypeptides of proteins destined for the endomembrane system or for secretion are marked by a ___, which targets the protein to the ER | signal peptide | 58 | |
| 1341832066 | this recognizes the signal peptide, bringing it to the ER membrane | signal-recognition particle (SRP) | 59 | |
| 1341832067 | an ER pore is actually called this, and it is what the SRP binds to after binding to the signal peptide | translocation complex | 60 | |
| 1341832068 | in hemoglobin, CTT is changed to this in sickle-cell | CAT | 61 | |
| 1341832069 | in hemoglobin, GAA is changed to this in sickle-cell | GTA | 62 | |
| 1341832070 | the mutant mRNA involved in sickle-cell is changed from GAA to this | GUA | 63 | |
| 1341832071 | normal hemoglobin has a glutamic acid; sickled hemoglobin has what? | valine | 64 | |
| 1341832072 | sickled hemoglobin has a valine; normal hemoglobin has what? | glutamic acid | 65 | |
| 1341832073 | incorrect bases, if uncorrected, can be used as a template in the next round of replication, resulting in a ___ mutation | spontaneous | 66 | |
| 1341832074 | these agents interact with DNA in ways tat cause mutations | mutagens | 67 |
