AP bio chapter 6 vocab
A tour of the Cell
Seekonk High School
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| 1165966444 | prokaryotic cell | A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea. | 0 | |
| 1165966445 | nucleoid | A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell. | 1 | |
| 1165966446 | eukaryotic cell | , A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Examples of organisms with these cells are protists, plants, fungi, and animals. | 2 | |
| 1165966447 | cytoplasm | A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended | 3 | |
| 1165966448 | plasma membrane | A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells | 4 | |
| 1165966449 | nuclear envelope | encloses the nucleus | 5 | |
| 1165966450 | nuclear lamina | netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelope | 6 | |
| 1165966451 | chromosomes | discrete units of organized DNA | 7 | |
| 1165966452 | chomatin | complex of proteins and DNA | 8 | |
| 1165966453 | nucleolus | A specialized structure in the nucleus, formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes | 9 | |
| 1165966454 | ribosomes | particles made of ribosomal RNA and protein, are the organelles that carry out protein synthesis | 10 | |
| 1165966455 | endomembrane system | A network of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles. | 11 | |
| 1165966456 | vesicles | A membranous sac in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell. | 12 | |
| 1165966457 | endoplasmic reticulum | A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another. | 13 | |
| 1165966458 | smooth ER | Is ER that does not have ribosomes attached. It is a major site of lipid synthesis. | 14 | |
| 1165966459 | rough ER | Covered in ribosomes and is responsible for the synthesis and transport of proteins and glycoproteins. | 15 | |
| 1165966460 | glycoproteins | A protein with one or more covalently attached carbohydrates. | 16 | |
| 1165966461 | transport vesicles | vesicles in transit from one part of the cell to another | 17 | |
| 1165966462 | Golgi apparatus | Involved in packaging and transport of proteins in the cell; refines proteins that have been manufactured by ribosomes, it sorts the proteins and prepares them for transport or to the cell membrane for secretion. Works Hand in Hand with the ER. | 18 | |
| 1165966463 | lysosomes | An organelle containing digestive enzymes | 19 | |
| 1165966464 | phagocytosis | process in which phagocytes engulf and digest microorganisms and cellular debris | 20 | |
| 1165966465 | food vacuoles | formed by phacogytosis; pinches off of the plasma membrane and encloses a food particle | 21 | |
| 1165966466 | contractile vacuoles | Organelles that remove water | 22 | |
| 1165966467 | central vacuole | A membranous sac in a mature plant cell with diverse roles in reproduction, growth, and development. | 23 | |
| 1165966468 | tonoplast | A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell, separating the cytosol from the cell sap | 24 | |
| 1165966469 | mitochondria | An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. | 25 | |
| 1165966470 | chloroplasts | Found in plants and algae, are the sites of photosynthesis | 26 | |
| 1165966471 | cristae | Infoldings of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion that houses the electron transport chain and the enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of ATP. | 27 | |
| 1165966472 | mitochondrial matrix | enclosed by the inner membrane, this matrix contains many different enzymes as well as the mitochondrial DNA and ribosomes | 28 | |
| 1165966473 | plastids | One of a family of closely related plant organelles, including chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and amyloplasts (leucoplasts). | 29 | |
| 1165966474 | thylakoids | A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy to chemical energy. | 30 | |
| 1165966475 | granum | A stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast | 31 | |
| 1165966476 | stroma | In plants, the solution that surrounds the thylakoids in a chloroplast. | 32 | |
| 1165966477 | cytoskeleton | A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement | 33 | |
| 1165966478 | motor proteins | A protein that is usually required to interact with the cytoskeleton in cell motility. | 34 | |
| 1165966479 | microtubules | Consist of hollow tubes which provide support for the cell, thickest | 35 | |
| 1165966480 | microfiliaments | smallest components, maintain shape, support changes; also called actin filaments; thinnest | 36 | |
| 1165966481 | intermediate filaments | Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments | 37 | |
| 1165966482 | three types of fibers that make up the cytoskeleton? | microtubules,microfilaments, intermediate filaments | 38 | |
| 1165966483 | centrosome | region located near the nucleus that is considered to be a microtuble organizing center | 39 | |
| 1165966484 | centrioles | Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only | 40 | |
| 1165966485 | flagella | specialized arrangement of microtubules that are responsible for locomotion by whiplike appendage in some cells | 41 | |
| 1165966486 | cilia | Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion | 42 | |
| 1165966487 | basal body | A structure resembling a centriole that produces a cilium or flagellum and anchors this structure within the plasma membrane. | 43 | |
| 1165966488 | dynein | A large contractile protein forming the side-arms of microtubule doublets in cilia and flagella. | 44 | |
| 1165966489 | actin | A globular protein | 45 | |
| 1165966490 | pseudopodia | A cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding. | 46 | |
| 1165966491 | cytoplasmic streaming | A circular flow of cytoplasm, involving myosin and actin filaments, that speeds the distribution of materials within cells. | 47 | |
| 1165966492 | primary cell wall | In plants, a relatively thin and flexible layer first secreted by a young cell. | 48 | |
| 1165966493 | middle lamella | The thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells | 49 | |
| 1165966494 | secondary cell wall | A cell wall that is added between the plasma membrane and the primary walls by plants to strengthen its wall. | 50 | |
| 1165966495 | extracellular matrix (ECM) | The meshwork surrounding animal cells; consists of glyoproteins and polysaccharides. | 51 | |
| 1165966496 | collagen | most abundant glycoprotein found in animal cells which forms strong fibers outside the cells | 52 | |
| 1165980219 | protoeoglycans | collagen fibers are embedded in a network of these glycoproteins, which can be 95% carbohydrate | 53 | |
| 1165980220 | fibronectin | A glycoprotein that helps cells attach to the extracellular matrix. | 54 | |
| 1165980221 | integrins | A receptor protein built into the plasma membrane that interconnects the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton | 55 | |
| 1165980222 | plasmodesmata | Open channels in the cell wall of a plant through which strands of cytosol connect from an adjacent cell. | 56 |
