Pacific Ridge School
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| 59497062 | adaptation | inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival | 0 | |
| 59497063 | artificial selection | selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms | 1 | |
| 59497064 | balancing selection | Natural selection that maintains stable frequencies of two or more phenotypic forms in a population (balanced polymorphism) | 2 | |
| 59497065 | biogeography | the study of the past and present distribution of species | 3 | |
| 59497066 | Bottleneck effect | Genetic drift resulting from a drastic reduction in population size | 4 | |
| 59497067 | differential | Selection that causes a shift in allele frequency such that one more more alleles become more common over time | 5 | |
| 59497068 | directional selection | occurs when natural selection favors one of the extreme variations of a trait | 6 | |
| 59497069 | disruptive selection | natural selection that favors individuals with either extreme of a trait | 7 | |
| 59497070 | evolution | the gradual change in a species over time | 8 | |
| 59497071 | evolutionary fitness | The contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation, relative to the contribution of other members of the population | 9 | |
| 59497072 | evolutionary tree | a diagram that reflects evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms | 10 | |
| 59497073 | extinction | disappearance of a species from all parts of its geographical range | 11 | |
| 59497074 | fitness (differential reprod. success) | offspring that survive to reproduce themselves | 12 | |
| 59497075 | fossil record | chronological collection of life's remains in sedimentary rock layers | 13 | |
| 59497076 | Founder effect | Random change in the gene pool that occurs from a small starting colony size for a population | 14 | |
| 59497077 | Gene flow | The gain or loss of alleles from a population by the movement of individuals into our out of a population | 15 | |
| 59497078 | Gene Pool | All the genes (alleles) in a population at a given time | 16 | |
| 59497079 | Genetic Drift | A change in the gene pool of a population due to chance | 17 | |
| 59497080 | Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium(HWE) | a 'null model' of no evolution within a population, i.e. allele frequencies remain constant through generations | 18 | |
| 59497081 | homologous structures | similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor | 19 | |
| 59497082 | homology | similarity in characteristics resulting from a shared ancestry | 20 | |
| 59497083 | Microevolution | evolution resulting from small specific genetic changes that can lead to a new subspecies / a change in a population's gene pool over successive generations; evolutionary changes in species over comparably brief periods of time | 21 | |
| 59497084 | Modern Synthesis | A comprehensive theory of evolution that incorporates genetics and includes most of Darwin's ideas, focusing on populations as the fundamental units of evolution | 22 | |
| 59497085 | Mutation | A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA; the ultimate source of genetic diversity | 23 | |
| 59497086 | natural selection | The process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species | 24 | |
| 59497087 | paleontologist | scientist who studies fossils | 25 | |
| 59497088 | Population | A group of interacting individuals belonging to one species and living in the same geographic area (that therefore can potentially interbreed) | 26 | |
| 59497089 | Population Genetics | The study of genetic changes in populations; the science of microevolutionary changes in populations | 27 | |
| 59497090 | sexual dimorphism | marked differences between the sexes in secondary sexual characteristics, which are not directly associated with reproduction | 28 | |
| 59497091 | Sexual selection | Change in the gene pool due to behavior that causes preferential mating with one or more genotypes / results from differences in traits affecting access to mates | 29 | |
| 59497092 | stabilizing selection | intermediate forms are favored and extreme forms are eliminated/ Selection that maintains generally unchanging allele frequencies over time | 30 | |
| 59497093 | strata | layers of sedimentary rock | 31 | |
| 59497094 | vestigial organs | organs that serve no useful purpose for the organism; these suggest that sometime in the past they were useful | 32 | |
| 59504964 | The Fossil Record | shows that organism have appeared in a historical sequence, and many fossils link ancestral species with those living today (Evidence of Evolution) | 33 | |
| 59504965 | Biogeography | observations of the geographical distribution of species when closely related species tend to be found in the same geographical region (Evidence of Evolution) | 34 | |
| 59504966 | comparative anatomy | Homologous structures among species and vestigial organs provide evidence of evolutionary history. (Evidence of Evolution), the study of the structures of different organisms. Looking at homologous parts: parts that have similar structure provide evidence with a common ancestor, but the structures have become adapted for different uses. | 35 | |
| 59504967 | Comparative embryology | closely related species often have similar stages in their embryonic development (Evidence of Evolution) | 36 | |
| 59504968 | molecular biology | all species share a common genetic code, suggesting that all forms of life are related through branching evolution from the earliest organisms. Comparisons of DNA and proteins provide evidence of evolutionary relationships.(Evidence of Evolution) | 37 | |
| 59504969 | Darwin's theory of natural selection | Individuals best suited for a particular environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than less fit individuals | 38 | |
| 59504970 | Natural selection in action | can be observed in the evolution of pesticide -resistent insects, drug-resistant microbes and horned lizards among many other organisms | 39 | |
| 59504971 | Hardy-Weinberg formula | p^2 + 2pq = q^2 = 1 | 40 | |
| 59504972 | population genetics and health science | Hardy-Weinberg formula can be used to estimate the frequency of a harmful allele, which is useful information for public heath programs dealing with genetic diseases | 41 | |
| 59504973 | homology | similarity in characteristics resulting from a shared ancestry | 42 | |
| 59504974 | vestigial organs | organs that serve no useful purpose for the organism; these suggest that sometime in the past they were useful | 43 | |
| 59504975 | Lamarck | French naturalist who proposed that evolution resulted from the inheritance of acquired characteristics. , He thought that use or disuse of a particular body part could cause it to grow or shrink — just like using your arms a lot might cause the muscles to grow and not using them might cause those muscles to shrink. | 44 | |
| 59504976 | Charles Darwin | british biologist who introduced the ideas of natural selection and evolution; argued that specific behaviors evolved because they led to advantages in survival or reproduction | 45 | |
| 59504977 | evolutionary adaptation | An accumulation of inherited characteristics that enhance organisms' ability to survive and reproduce in specific environments | 46 | |
| 59504978 | gradualism | the idea that large changes on Earth can result from the accumulation of small changes over a very long time. | 47 | |
| 59504979 | p | in Hardy-Weinberg represents the frequency of the dominant allele | 48 | |
| 59504980 | q | in Hardy-Weinberg represents the frequency of the recessive allele | 49 | |
| 59504981 | p^2 | in Hardy-Weinberg represents frequency of homozygous dominants | 50 | |
| 59504982 | q^2 | in Hardy-Weinberg represents frequency of homozygous recessives | 51 | |
| 59504983 | 2pq | in Hardy-Weinberg represents frequency of heterozygotes | 52 | |
| 59504984 | bottleneck effect | changes in the gene pool caused by a rapid reduction in population size. Reduces genetic variability | 53 | |
| 59504985 | founder effect | Genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population, with the result that the new population's gene pool is not reflective of the original population. | 54 | |
| 59504986 | directional selection | form of natural selection in which the entire curve moves; occurs when individuals at one end of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or at the other end of the curve | 55 | |
| 59504987 | disruptive selection | form of natural selection in which a single curve splits into two; occurs when individuals at the upper and lower ends of a distribution curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle | 56 |
