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anatomy and physiology chapter 2 quiz 1 Flashcards

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1535434119MatterIs composed of atoms containing protons, neutrons, and electrons0
1535434120Atomic numberNumber of protons1
1535434121Atomic massNumber of protons plus neutrons2
1535434122ProtonsPositively charged3
1535434123NeutronsNo electrical charge4
1535434124ElectronsNegatively charged5
1535434125IsotopesAtoms with additional or missing neutrons6
1535434126Covalent bondAtoms share electrons7
1535434127Ionic bondAtoms give up and receive electrons8
1535434128IonsCharged atoms9
1535434129ElectrolytesIons in solution10
1535434130WaterCarries out 5 vital functions: ions in a solution, lubricant, chemical reactions, transportation, and regulation11
1535434131SolutionComposed of a solute dissolved in a solvent12
1535434132ConcentrationThe amount of solute to solvent13
1535434133HypertonicMore concentrated14
1535434134IsotonicSame concentration15
1535434135HypotonicLess concentrated16
1535434136AcidsDonors17
1535434137BasesAccept ions18
1535434138pH scaleMeasure acidity and alkalinity19
1535434139Organic moleculesCarbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids20
1535434140CarbohydratesCarbon, oxygen, and hydrogen21
1535434141Primary sourceNutrient energy22
1535586800MonosaccharidesSimple sugars23
1535586801DisaccharidesChemically combining 2 or more Monosaccharides24
1535586802PolysaccharidesChemically combining many Monosaccharides25
1535586803GlycogenAnimal carbohydrate storage26
1535586804StarchPlant carbohydrate storage27
1535586805LipidsCarbon, hydrogen, and oxygen28
1535586806C atomsBackbone29
1535586807Building blocksOften glycerol and fatty acids30
1535586808Amino acidsBuilding units31
1535586809PolypeptidesLong strings of amino acids32
1535586810Functional proteinsPolypeptides folding33
1535586811Nucleic acidsDeoxyribonucleic (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA)34
1535586812NucleotidesBuilding blocks35
1535586813TripletsNucleotides arranged in three-letter sequences36
1535586814Genetic codeDetermined by triplets37
1535586815Gene codeInstructions38
1535586816MoleculesMust come together to react39
1535586817MetabolismTotal of chemical reactions40
1535586818Reactions happens fasterCatalyst or increased speed or concentration41
1535586819Cellular respirationOne of the most important chemical reactions in the body42
1535586820AtpUsable form of energy43
1535586821OrganellesSuspended within the cell in a fluid called cytoplasm44
1535586822Cell membraneOrganelle that Gives structure to the cell and regulates what may come or go45
1535586823NucleusOrganelle that Houses dna46
1535586824MitochondriaOrganelles that perform Cellular respiration and process the energy to atp47
1535586825RibosomesOrganelles that assemble proteins48
1535586826Endoplasmic reticulumAn extension of the nuclear membrane49
1535586827Rough ERSite of protein synthesis50
1535586828Smooth ERLipid synthesis51
1535586829Golgi complexesPackaging Center52
1535586830Secretory vesiclesCarries materials from the golgi complex to the cell membrane53
1535586831LysosomesMembrane-bound packages of digestive enzymes54
1535586832Bilayer, cholesterol, proteinsCell membrane55
1535586833Where are proteins foundAttached to or embedded in the phospholipid layers56
1535586834ChannelsPassageways for transport in and out of the cell57
1535586835ReceptorsEnzymes and hormones58
1535586836Functions of cell membraneStructure, define and regulate59
1535586837Passive transportMoves from high to low with no energy60
1535586838Methods of passive transportFiltration, simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis61
1535586839FiltrationForces smaller molecules in a solution due to greater hydrostatic pressure on one side62
1536205398Simple diffusionNet movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration63
1536205399FacilitatedSpecial type of diffusion for molecules that cannot diffuse directly through cell membrane64
1536205400OsmosisDiffusion of water65
1536205401Active transportMoves material requires energy, and performs as sodium potassium pump66
1536205402Bulk transportMoves large quantities67
1536205403EndocytosisInto the cell68
1536205404ExocytosisOut of cell69
1536205405Protein synthesisTranscription and translation70
1536205406TranscriptionIn nucleus and produce mRNA71
1536205407TranslationIn ribosome, tRNA72
1536205408Golgi complexPackaging center73
1536205409MitosisProphase,metaphase, anaphase, and telophase74
1536205410MutationChanging the dna75
1536205411TelomeresNoncoding strings of nucleotides at the end of Nucleotides76

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