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| 3924923141 | Charophytes | Green Algae, the closest relatives of land plants | 0 | |
| 3924937644 | Charophytes and Land Plants | Both are multicellular, eukaryotic, photosynthetic and have cell walls | 1 | |
| 3924951956 | Land Plants Share These Three Traits with Only Charophytes | 1- Rings of cellulose-sythesizing proteins 2- Structure of Flagellated sperm 3- Formation of a phragmoplast ( Land Plants are not a descent of modern Charophytes, they share a common anestor) | 2 | |
| 3924989619 | Embryophytes | Land plants with embryos | 3 | |
| 3924996697 | Sporopollenin | A durable polymer in Charophytes that prevent exposed zygotes from drying out, resistant to harsh envoriments | 4 | |
| 3925013552 | Five Key Traits of Land Plants (absent in Charophytes) | 1 - Alternation of Generations 2 - Multicellular, dependent embryos 3 - Walled spores produced in sporangia 4 - Multicellular Gametangia 5 - Apical Meristems | 5 | |
| 3959421939 | Alternation of Generations | A reproductive cycle where plants alternate between two multicellular stages | 6 | |
| 3959432542 | Gametophytes | Haploid stage, that produces haploid gametes by mitosis | 7 | |
| 3959442459 | Sporophytes | Diploid stage, that produces spores by meiosis | 8 | |
| 3959459792 | Multicellular, dependent embryo | The diploid embryo is retained within the tissue of the female gametophyte, nutrients are transferred from parent to embryo | 9 | |
| 3959475138 | Sporangia | Organs that produce spores | 10 | |
| 3959475139 | Gametangia | Produces gametes | 11 | |
| 3959477405 | Archegonia | Female gametangia, produce eggs and are the site of fertilization | 12 | |
| 3959514474 | Antheridia | Male gametangia, produce and release sperm | 13 | |
| 3959523472 | Apical Meristems | The part of the plant that sustains continual growth in the plant (apical stem and apical root) | 14 | |
| 3959536424 | Cuticle | A waxy covering of the plant's epidermis | 15 | |
| 3959539068 | Stomata | Are specialized cells that allow for gas exchange between the outside air and inside of the plant | 16 | |
| 3959548044 | Mycorrhizae | Symbiotic associations between fungi and land plants that may have helped plants without true roots to obtain nutrients | 17 | |
| 3959601378 | Bryophytes | Nonvascular plants -Examples Liverworts, Mosses, and Hornworts -Have lager and longer living gametophytes stages then sporophytes stages -Have flagellated sperm | 18 | |
| 3959615421 | Seedless Vascular Plants | Have vascular tissues, Lycophytes and Monilophytes | 19 | |
| 3959622250 | Lycophytes | Club mosses and their relatives | 20 | |
| 3959625778 | Monilophytes | Ferns and their relatives | 21 | |
| 3959636282 | Grade | Organisms that are grouped based on shared key biological features, rather than shared ancestry | 22 | |
| 3959665725 | Seed | An embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat | 23 | |
| 3959676968 | Gymnosperms | Has a "naked seed" plants, including the conifers | 24 | |
| 3959676969 | Angiosperms | Flowering plants, 90% of all plants | 25 | |
| 3959715107 | Protonema | A spore germinates into a ________, and then into a game-producing gametophore | 26 | |
| 3959738771 | Rhizoids | Anchor gametophytes to substrate (ground/soil) | 27 | |
| 3959790491 | Bryophyte Parts | Foot Seta Sporangium Capsule (discharges spores through a peristome) |  | 28 |
| 3959818158 | Peat Moss Sphagnum | - Forms extensive deposits of partially decayed organic material know as peat - Can be used as a fuel - Lowers temperature, pH, and oxygen levels of peatlands - Inhibits decay of other organisms - Peat contains 30% of the worlds soil carbon, overheating it would release the carbon into the atmosphere | 29 | |
| 3959896107 | Traits of Vascular Plants | - Life cycles with dominant sporophytes - Vascular tissues called xylem and phloem - Well-developed roots and leaves | 30 | |
| 3959938397 | Xylem | - Conducts most of the water and minerals, includes tube shaped cells called tracheids - Stegthened by Lignin | 31 | |
| 3959938398 | Phloem | Has cells arranged into tubes that distribute sugars, amino acids, and other organic material | 32 | |
| 3959940611 | Roots | - Organs that anchor the plant and absorb nutrients in the soil - Evolved from subterranean stems - Allows the plant to grow tall | 33 | |
| 3959940612 | Leaves | Organs that increase the plants surface area of vascular plants, thereby casting more solar energy that is used for photosynthesis | 34 | |
| 3959943967 | Microphylls | Leaves with a single vein, only Lycohytes | 35 | |
| 3959945411 | Megaphylls | Leaves with highly branched vascular system | 36 | |
| 3959950737 | Sporophylls | Modified leaves with sporangia | 37 | |
| 3959950738 | Sori | Clusters of sporangia on the underside of sporophylls | 38 | |
| 3959950739 | Strobili | Cone like structures formed from groups of sporophylls | 39 | |
| 3959953223 | Heterosporous | Produce both megaspores and microspores | 40 | |
| 3959953224 | Megaspores | Give rise to the female gametophytes | 41 | |
| 3959955657 | Microspores | Give rise to the male gametophytes | 42 | |
| 3959959019 | Homosporous | Plant produces one type of spore that develops into a bisexual gametophytes | 43 | |
| 3959961374 | Megasporangia | Produces megaspores that give rise to female gametophytes | 44 | |
| 3959965215 | Microsporangia | Produce microspores that give rise to male gametophytes | 45 | |
| 3959967044 | Pollen Gains | Microspores develops into _________, which contain the male gametophytes | 46 | |
| 3959967045 | Pollination | The transfer of pollen to the part of ta seed plant containing the ovules- eliminates the need of water for sperm | 47 | |
| 3959971641 | Ovule | -Consists of a megasporangium, megaspore, and protective integuments | 48 | |
| 3959974409 | Advantages of Seeds | -May remain dormant for days or years -Stored food supply -Transported over long distances, megaspore, and one or more protective integuments | 49 | |
| 3960144095 | Gymnosperm Life Cycle | - Miniaturization of their gametophytes - Development of seeds from fertilized ovules - The transfer of sperm to ovules by pollen | 50 | |
| 3960151719 | Conifers | Cone bearing plants | 51 | |
| 3960155856 | Small Cones | Produce mircospores | 52 | |
| 3960157491 | Large Cones | Produce megaspores | 53 | |
| 3960188256 | Characteristics of Angiosperm | 54 | ||
| 3960188257 | Sepals | 55 | ||
| 3960188258 | Petals | 56 | ||
| 3960189828 | Stamens | 57 | ||
| 3960191257 | Carpel/Pistil | 58 | ||
| 3960191258 | Flower | 59 | ||
| 3960191259 | Filament | 60 | ||
| 3960193115 | Anther | 61 | ||
| 3960193116 | Ovary | 62 | ||
| 3960193117 | Style | 63 | ||
| 3960194891 | Stigma | 64 | ||
| 3960196204 | Complete Flowers | 65 | ||
| 3960196205 | Incomplete Flowers | 66 | ||
| 3960196206 | Fruit | 67 | ||
| 3960200003 | Radial Symmetry | 68 | ||
| 3960201812 | Bilateral Symmetry | 69 | ||
| 3960204060 | Embryo Sac | 70 | ||
| 3960204061 | Endosperm | 71 | ||
| 3960206179 | Micropyle | 72 | ||
| 3960207491 | Double fertilization | 73 | ||
| 3960209375 | Cotyledons | 74 | ||
| 3960209376 | Monocots | 75 | ||
| 3960209377 | Dicots | 76 | ||
| 3960211018 | Eudicots | 77 | ||
| 3960212592 | Basal Angiosperms | 78 | ||
| 3960217419 | Artificial Selection | 79 |
