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| 5330435788 | big history | refers to global nature of world history | 0 | |
| 5330445239 | historiography | study of historians interpretations of past and their methods of inquiry | 1 | |
| 5330451206 | periodization | division of historical time into different periods (BCE and CE) | 2 | |
| 5330463901 | Comparitive history | comparison of different society which existed during the same time period or shared similar cultural conditions | 3 | |
| 5330469742 | cosmic calendar | method to visualize the vast history of the universe in which its 13.8 billion year lifetime is condensed down into a single year | 4 | |
| 5330479949 | cultural diffusion | exchange of ideas and products from one culture to another/usually through trade | 5 | |
| 5330485048 | independent invention | changes that occur without cultural diffusion | 6 | |
| 5330488542 | paleolithic era | -earliest and longest period of human history -96% of time on Earth -humans migrated from Africa to Eurasia -used FIRE as tool -developed tools (axes, bows, harpoons) -animals were used for food and tools -lived in small groups of about 20 -life expectancy was 35 years -men hunted, women foraged -they were egalitarian (social equality) -most groups were self-sufficient, some cultural diffusion occurred -used methods of population control (five-year nursing cycle, infanticide) | 7 | |
| 5330528645 | Gobelki tepe | ceremonial temple built in Turkey 11,600 years ago ***indicated people were beginning to settle | 8 | |
| 5330537012 | Neolithic era | -began 10,000 years ago -primary feature was settled agriculture -known as first agricultural revolution -lived in villages of 250 to several thousand people and were led by chiefs -concept of "home" (and protection of it) developed -women began collecting seeds, growing plants, and weaving textiles -men began domesticating animals and harvesting plants -animals were now used for labor and gave diseases -professional classes of labor developed -wealth and power was accumulated by elite groups -WHEELS, wheeled vehicles, and sickles were invented | 9 | |
| 5330572430 | irrigation | used to water crops, required organization | 10 | |
| 5330575127 | copper | used to make tools and weapons | 11 | |
| 5330578207 | pottery | was both functional (cooking) and artistic | 12 | |
| 5330580605 | pastoralists | -nomads who did not farm but instead survived off herded animals -lived in grasslands in Africa and Asia where there wasn't a lot of rain -had few material possesions | 13 | |
| 5330597493 | first civilizations | -developed along rivers around 3000 BCE -more regular food source led to population growth -urban development (some had thousands of people) -great cultural diffusion which led to more diversity -patriarchal -upper class, free commoners, and slaves -government (the "state") was central for organization and stability (kings had the power) -organized religion developed -art and monumental architecture became important -warfare increased, so warriors gained prestige -writing helped support the state -environments were changed (farmland created, forests eliminated, grasslands destroyed) | 14 | |
| 5330609798 | specialization | people with different jobs (artisans, priests, tax collectors, soldiers) | 15 | |
| 5330655846 | ancient Mesopotamia | -urban culture that developed between Tigris and Euphrates in Iraq -flooding was erratic and destructive | 16 | |
| 5330668841 | Sumer | -world's earliest city-state (an urban center) with agricultural land around it under it's control (ruled by monarch seen as god-like and military support) -city-states in Mesopotamia were often at war with each other since they were not geographically isolated -defensive walls and terrettorial expansion offered protection | 17 | |
| 5330697873 | Babylon | major city-state and later empire | 18 | |
| 5330700079 | Hammurabi | -Babylonian king who crated a law code based on retribution for specific crimes -aspects of Mesopotamia- polytheistic, powerful priest class, women had no rights, slaves, built ziggurats (temples to gods) -expanded irrigation ,wrote in cuneiform/world's oldest written story), built sailing vessels (traded with India) -cuneiform=alphabet, Gilgamesh=oldest story | 19 | |
| 5330738459 | Egypt | -early African culture that developed along the Nile river -irrigation helped farms way from Nile -Nile, Red Sea, Mediterranean, Sahara desert protected from invasion | 20 | |
| 5330752186 | Nubia | -less-prosperous kingdom that fought and traded with Egypt -Pharaoh- god-like king, top of social class, focus of the state -pyramids- massive tombs for the pharaohs that contained extensive art work | 21 | |
| 5330779123 | Aspects of Egypt | -hieroglyphics -polytheistic religion tied to nature -believed god's judged people's lives -social structure like pyramid -powerful priest class -women had more rights than Mesopotamia -first female leader (queen Hatshepsut) -math, medicine,astronomy -slow to adapt metallurgy -long-distance inter-regional trade (lumber- middle East) | 22 | |
| 5330810067 | hebrews | -nomads who were greatly influenced by the Mesopotamian's (law, monarchy, polytheism) -practiced monotheism | 23 | |
| 5330821354 | Israel | -early Hebrew kingdom that would be conquered several times in history -caused Jewish communities to spread across the Mediterranean and middle east | 24 | |
| 5330836998 | Phoenicians | -people who developed a great trade network (they sailed to Britain) -purple dye -22 symbol phonetic alphabet | 25 | |
| 5330850724 | Lydians | developed the concept of using coined money to make trade easier | 26 | |
| 5330854329 | Hittites | -Pastoralists, developed iron weapons -used to conquer Babylon, created one of the first "new" states | 27 | |
| 5330867732 | Assyrians | -pastoralists with a highly disciplined, cruel army (professional) that captured much of Mesopotamia | 28 | |
| 5331689053 | Indo-Europeans | -herders from Russia who domesticated horses, invented complex bows, made first chariots obtained metallurgy and wheels from Sumer (used to make chariots) -believed they were superior "Aryan" people -spread into Europe and South Asia as their population grew (great impact on languages in the area) | 29 |
