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| 5715696805 | Animism | Belief that objects, such as plants and stones, or natural events, like thunderstorms and earthquakes, have a discrete spirit and conscious life. | 0 | |
| 5715699169 | Aristocracy | A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility a class of persons holding exceptional rank and privileges, especially the hereditary nobility; a governing body composed of those considered to be the best or most able people in the state; any class or group considered to be superior, as through education, ability, wealth, or social prestige. | 1 | |
| 5715702510 | Bureaucracy | a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives | 2 | |
| 5715707951 | Continuity | Things, ideas, institutions, social orders, etc that stay the same as time progresses. | 3 | |
| 5715725360 | Cultural Diffusion | The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another | 4 | |
| 5715730029 | Deity | a god or goddess | 5 | |
| 5715732617 | Diaspora | People who come from a common ethnic background but who live in different regions outside of the home of their ethnicity | 6 | |
| 5715735476 | Empire | A group of states or territories controlled by one ruler | 7 | |
| 5715738229 | Ethnocentrism | Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group. | 8 | |
| 5715740399 | Ideology | a system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy. | 9 | |
| 5715743860 | Matriarchy (Matrilineal) | a society where the mother is the head of the family and descent is traced through the mother's side of the family | 10 | |
| 5715756883 | Monotheism | The belief in and worship of only one God | 11 | |
| 5715761088 | Nomadic | wandering from place to place | 12 | |
| 5715761089 | Patriarchy | a form of social organization in which the father is the supreme authority in the family, clan, or tribe and descent is reckoned in the male line, with the children belonging to the father's clan or tribe. | 13 | |
| 5715770746 | Polytheism | Belief in many gods | 14 | |
| 5715770747 | Primary Source | An original document containing the observations, ideas, and conclusions of an individual. It is a firsthand account presented by someone present or actively participating in the event. Examples include manuscripts, photographs, oral histories, and personal journals. | 15 | |
| 5715780580 | Secondary Source | A secondhand account of an event or a retelling of another person's observations written by someone who did not witness or actually participate in the events. Includes sources that combine, synthesize, and or interpret information from primary sources. Examples include encyclopedias, textbooks, and reviews. | 16 | |
| 5715783367 | Shamanism | tribal religion; involves community acceptance of a shaman, religious leader, healer, and worker of magic who can intercede with the spirit world | 17 | |
| 5715788844 | Black Death | The common name for a major outbreak of plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, carrying off vast numbers of persons. | 18 | |
| 5715795584 | Hunter-gatherer | a member of a nomadic group whose food supply depends on hunting animals and collecting plant foods. | 19 | |
| 5715798624 | Neolithic Revolution | (10,000 - 8,000 BCE) The development of agriculture and the domestication of animals as a food source. This led to the development of permanent settlements and the start of civilization. | 20 | |
| 5715805267 | Neolithic Revolution (AKA) | Agricultural Revolution | 21 | |
| 5715807856 | Mesopotamia | A region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers that developed the first urban societies. | 22 | |
| 5715814945 | Egypt | Ancient civilization in Africa along the Nile River | 23 | |
| 5715825787 | River Valley Civilizations | The earliest complex societies that were centered around the Nile, Tigris, Euphrates, Indus, and Huang He areas. | 24 | |
| 5715831828 | Code of Hammurabi | A collection of 282 laws which were enforced under Hammurabi's Rule in Ancient Babylon. One of the first examples of written law in the ancient civilizations. | 25 | |
| 5715838162 | Jewish Rebellion | a rebellion by the Jewish Zealots against Rome's insistence on controlling religion - 1 million Jews were killed | 26 | |
| 5715849675 | Plato | 427-347 BC; Socrates' most famous student; described the ideal form of government in his famous book, The Republic | 27 | |
| 5715853454 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. | 28 | |
| 5715857703 | Socrates | (470-399 BCE) An Athenian philosopher who thought that human beings could lead honest lives and that honor was far more important than wealth, fame, or other superficial attributes. | 29 | |
| 5715862910 | Greek Political Strata / Citizenship Rights | Citizens were free adult males: women, foreigners, and slaves had no political rights | 30 | |
| 5715872822 | Han Dynasty | (202 BC - 220 AD) dynasty started by Lui Bang; a great and long-lasting rule, it discarded the harsh policies of the Qin dynasty and adopted Confucian principles; Han rulers chose officials who passed the civil service exams rather than birth; it was a time of prosperity | 31 | |
| 5715879180 | Fall of Han Dynasty | Divisions within the ruling elite limited the effectiveness of the government, land distributions, private armies, unrest, economic decline, epidemics, ended in 220 C.E. | 32 | |
| 5715882951 | Mesoamerica | region of the America's were the early civilizations were located (including the Maya) | 33 | |
| 5715888371 | Silk Road | An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire. Marco Polo followed the route on his journey to Cathay. | 34 | |
| 5715891464 | Indian Ocean Trade | Connected to Europe, Africa, and China. Worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion. | 35 | |
| 5715903512 | Tang Dynasty | (618-907 CE) The Chinese dynasty that was much like the Han, who used Confucianism. This dynasty had the equal-field system, a bureaucracy based on merit, and a Confucian education system. | 36 | |
| 5715915930 | Song Dynasty | (960 - 1279 AD); this dynasty was started by Tai Zu; by 1000, a million people were living there; started feet binding; had a magnetic compass; had a navy; traded with india and persia (brought pepper and cotton); first to have paper money, explosive gun powder; *landscape black and white paintings | 37 | |
| 5715926632 | Byzantine Empire | (330-1453) The eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived after the fall of the Western Empire at the end of the 5th century C.E. Its capital was Constantinople, named after the Emperor Constantine. | 38 | |
| 5715931858 | Constantine | (274 CE - 337 CE) Roman Emperor between 306 CE and 337 CE. He issued the Edict of Milan which outlawed the persecution of Christians. He also founded the city of Constantinople, the future capital of the Byzantine Empire. | 39 | |
| 5715934984 | Constantinople | A large and wealthy city that was the imperial capital of the Byzantine empire and later the Ottoman empire, now known as Istanbul | 40 | |
| 5715938021 | Edict of Milan | (313 CE) Proclamation by the Roman Emperor Constantine outlawing the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire. | 41 | |
| 5715941207 | Khanates | Four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan. | 42 | |
| 5715950533 | Genghis Khan | Also known as Temujin; he united the Mongol tribes into an unstoppable fighting force; created largest single land empire in history. | 43 | |
| 5715959856 | Crusades | A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule. | 44 | |
| 5715963133 | Pope Urban II | Leader of the Roman Catholic Church who asked European Christians to take up arms against Muslims, starting the Crusades | 45 | |
| 5715963134 | Feudalism | A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land | 46 | |
| 5715968289 | Manorial System | a system in Medieval Europe in which all legal and economic power was given to the lord of an agricultural estate or manor, which was worked by their peasants and serfs. | 47 | |
| 5715977588 | Inca Empire | (1450-1572 CE), Largest Empire ever built in South America; territory extended 2,500 miles from north to south and embraced almost all of modern Peru, most of Ecuador, much of Bolivia, and parts of Chile and Argentina; maintained effective control from the early 15th century until the coming of Europeans in the early 16th century. Built lots of roads. | 48 | |
| 5715993124 | Aztec | (1200-1521) 1300, they settled in the valley of Mexico. Grew corn. Engaged in frequent warfare to conquer others of the region. Worshipped many gods (polytheistic). Believed the sun god needed human blood to continue his journeys across the sky. Practiced human sacrifices and those sacrificed were captured warriors from other tribes and those who volunteered for the honor. | 49 | |
| 5715995478 | Mississippian | An important mound-building culture that thrived between 800 and 1500 C.E. in a territory that extended from the Mississippi River to the Appalachian Mountains. The largest mound produced by this culture is found at Cahokia, Illinois. | 50 | |
| 5716001214 | Ashoka | Leader of the Mauryan dynasty of India who conquered most of India but eventually gave up violence and converted to Buddhism. | 51 | |
| 5716006553 | Gupta Dynasty | Indian Empire (320 CE-550 CE) known for re-establishing Hinduism and for achievements in math and science. | 52 | |
| 5716008814 | Hinduism | A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms | 53 | |
| 5716008815 | Buddhism | A religion founded in India by Siddhartha Gautama which teaches that the most important thing in life is to reach peace by ending suffering. | 54 | |
| 5716013376 | Siddhartha Gautama | founder of Buddhism | 55 | |
| 5716017359 | Islam | A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims. | 56 | |
| 5716021990 | Christianity | A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior. | 57 | |
| 5716027254 | Judaism | A religion with a belief in one god. It originated with Abraham and the Hebrew people. Yahweh was responsible for the world and everything within it. They preserved their early history in the Old Testament. | 58 | |
| 5716034620 | Mesopotamian Gods | Moody and powerful; destroyed humanity with a flood because the humans were too noisy while they were trying to sleep | 59 | |
| 5716048040 | Epic of Gilgamesh | The Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic poem from Ancient Mesopotamia and is among the earliest known works of literary fiction. | 60 | |
| 5716050466 | Egyptian Gods | revered for the comfortable and relatively prosperous life led along the Nile River | 61 | |
| 5716061413 | Footbinding | In China, a method of breaking and binding women's feet; seen as a sign of beauty and social position, footbinding also confined women to the household | 62 | |
| 5716064304 | Confucianism | A philosophy that adheres to the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius. It shows the way to ensure a stable government and an orderly society in the present world and stresses a moral code of conduct. | 63 | |
| 5716074112 | Mongols | A people of this name is mentioned as early as the records of the Tang Empire, living as nomads in northern Eurasia. After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia. | 64 | |
| 5716076990 | Taklamakan Desert | the desert of death - Silk Roads went on outskirts through oasis towns | 65 | |
| 5716095006 | Zoroastrianism | A religion that developed in early Persia and stressed the fight between the forces of good and the forces of evil and how eventually the forces of good would prevail. | 66 | |
| 5716098485 | Roman Republic | This establishment consisted of the Senate with two consuls who were elected by an assembly dominated by hereditary aristocrats known as patricians. | 67 | |
| 5716106183 | Roman Consul | Roman rulers with equal powers who each ruled for one year. Could veto each other. | 68 |
