Terms : Hide Images
| 3600840237 | Paleolithic (Old Stone) Age | The Old Stone Age ending in 12,000 B.C.E; crude stone tool use, hunting/gathering | 0 | |
| 3600840238 | Homo sapiens sapiens | The most successful humanoid species at end of Paleolithic Age; originated 240,000 years ago in Africa | 1 | |
| 3600840239 | Mesolithic (Middle Stone) Age | 12,000-8,000 B.C.E.; better stone tools/weapons; larger populations- more war; domesticated animals - improved food supply | 2 | |
| 3600840240 | Neolithic (New Stone) Age | 8,000-5,000 B.C.E.; sedentary agriculture developed; fully domesticated animals | 3 | |
| 3600840241 | Neolithic Revolution | 8,500-3,500 B.C.E. - New technology and human organization led to sedentary agriculture | 4 | |
| 3600840242 | Hunting and Gathering | The original human economy; groups hunt for meat and forage for grains, nuts, and berries | 5 | |
| 3600840243 | Homo erectus | A less ape like, not completely human species existing from 750,000 to 500,000 years ago in Africa, spread to Asia and Europe | 6 | |
| 3600840244 | Bronze Age | 4,000-1,500 B.C.E - Bronze tools used, first introduced in the Middle East, ended with the introduction of iron | 7 | |
| 3600840245 | Slash and Burn Agriculture | A method where nomadic agricultural people burn forest floors, deplete the soil with farming, and leave, returning in 20-30 years | 8 | |
| 3600840246 | Tribal Bands | 40-60 nomadic hunters and gatherers; labor divide by gender | 9 | |
| 3600840247 | Civilization | Society that relies on sedentary agriculture, is able to produce food surpluses, has non farming elites, and merchant and manufacturing groups | 10 | |
| 3600840248 | Cuneiform | Earliest writing system developed in the Middle East by the Sumerians around 3,500 B.C.E. using a wedge-shaped stylus and clay tablets | 11 | |
| 3600840249 | Nomads | Cattle- and sheep-herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies; barbarians | 12 | |
| 3600840250 | Ziggurats | Massive towers in Mesopotamia, specifically Sumer, used as temples by professional priests | 13 | |
| 3600840251 | City-states | Agricultural villages with ruled by a local king | 14 | |
| 3600840252 | Pharaoh | The king of Ancient Egypt | 15 | |
| 3600840253 | Pyramids | Triangular burial sites for Ancient Egyptian kings developed in 2,700 B.C.E. | 16 | |
| 3600840254 | Ideographic Symbols | Chinese writing made up of pictographic characters grouped together to create new concepts | 17 | |
| 3600840255 | Oracles | Chinese shamans or priests who foretold the future through interpretations of animal bones cracked by heat | 18 | |
| 3600840257 | Monotheism | The belief in one God, introduced by the Jews | 19 | |
| 3600840258 | Great Wall | A Chinese defense against northern invaders constructed during the Qin dynasty | 20 | |
| 3601732573 | Vassal Retainers | Subordinate leaders serving and bound by personal ties to the king and great lords; recruited from former ruling families and aristocratic classes; depended on the produce and labor of the commoners to support their families and military forces | 21 | |
| 3638500881 | Mandate of Heaven | The claim that heaven had transferred its mandate to rule to a ruler | 22 | |
| 3638684813 | Ancestor worship | The veneration of one's ancestors | 23 | |
| 3638962282 | Silk Road | 24 | ||
| 3600840261 | Feudal States | 25 | ||
| 3600840265 | Five Classics | 26 | ||
| 3600840266 | Classic of Songs | 27 | ||
| 3600840267 | Monsoon | Seasonal winds crossing Indian sub-continent and Southeast Asia; during summer bring rains | 28 | |
| 3600840268 | Sanskrit | The first literary language of India | 29 | |
| 3600840269 | Vedas | Aryan hymns and epics originally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books during the 6th century | 30 | |
| 3600840270 | Rig-Veda | The first Aryan epic; attributed the rise of the caste system to the gods | 31 | |
| 3600840271 | Mahabharata | Indian epic of war, princely honor, love, and social duty | 32 | |
| 3600840272 | Ramayana | An epic Indian tale that traces adventures of King Rama and his wife, Sita | 33 | |
| 3600840273 | Upanishads | Later books of the Vedas with sophisticated and sublime philosophical ideas; utilized by brahmans to restore religious authority; stressed shallowness of worldy concerns in favor of contemplation of the divine spirit | 34 | |
| 3600840274 | Varnas | Aryan social classes | 35 | |
| 3648182341 | Kshatriyas | The warrior/governing class of India | 36 | |
| 3648185601 | Vaisyas | Traders and farmers of India | 37 | |
| 3648187235 | Sudras | Common laborers of India | 38 | |
| 3600840275 | Untouchables | Low social class in India/Hindu culture that performed undesirable tasks | 39 | |
| 3600840277 | Dharma | The law of moral consequences; stresses inner study, meditation and following the career and caste position determined at birth; "moral path" | 40 | |
| 3600840280 | Nirvana | The Buddhist state of enlightenment and tranquility | 41 | |
| 3600840281 | Gurus | Hindu mystics | 42 | |
| 3600840282 | Reincarnation | The belief in life after death as another being | 43 | |
| 3600840283 | Karma | 44 | ||
| 3600840284 | Brahman | 45 | ||
| 3662293904 | Brahmanism | Early Hinduism | 46 | |
| 3662304588 | Brahma | The basic Hindu holy essence that forms everything in this world | 47 | |
| 3600840285 | Dynasty | 48 | ||
| 3600840286 | Yin Yang | The Chinese belief in nature's harmony | 49 | |
| 3600840287 | Regionalism | 50 | ||
| 3600840288 | Jati | The smaller divisions of the Indian caste system | 51 | |
| 3600840289 | Yoga | 52 | ||
| 3600840290 | Bhagavad Gita | A sacred Hindu hymn that urged people to carry out the duties that come with one's caste | 53 | |
| 3600840291 | Kamasutra | An Indian book on relationships between man and women, written by Vatsayana during Gutpa era | 54 | |
| 3600840292 | Panchatantra | An Indian story collection | 55 | |
| 3662272565 | Artha | Political and economic goals encouraged by Hinduism | 56 | |
| 3662364690 | Stupas | Spherical stone shrines to Buddha | 57 | |
| 3662449390 | Scholar-gentry | Chinese class created by the marital linkage of the local land-holding aristocracy with the office-holding shi | 58 | |
| 3662508676 | Magi | The priestly followers of Zoroaster | 59 | |
| 3662526900 | Olympic Games | One of the pan-Hellenistic rituals observed by all Greek city-states; involved athletic competitions and celebrations | 60 | |
| 3662527821 | Roman Republic | Where people elect representatives to represent them in the government | 61 | |
| 3662573577 | Polis | City-state form of government, typical of Greece | 62 | |
| 3662573578 | Direct Democracy | Where people participate directly in assemblies that make laws and select leaders, rather than electing representatives | 63 | |
| 3662590074 | Senate | Assembly of Roman aristocrats who advised on policy within the republic | 64 | |
| 3662590075 | Consuls | Two chief executives or magistrates of the Roman republic; elected by an annual assembly dominated by aristocracy | 65 | |
| 3662607046 | Twelve Tables | The first Roman code of law | 66 | |
| 3662679523 | Iliad | Greek epic poem written by Homer, or many authors, that defined gods and human nature and shaped Greek mythos | 67 | |
| 3662679524 | Odyssey | Greek epic poem written by Homer, or many authors, that defined the gods and human nature and shaped Greek mythos | 68 | |
| 3662679525 | Doric | Least ornate district style of Hellenistic architecture | 69 | |
| 3662679892 | Ionic | Medium ornate district style of Hellenistic architecture | 70 | |
| 3662697869 | Corinthian | Most ornate istrict style of Hellenistic architecture | 71 | |
| 3668069765 | Rajput | Regional princes of western India | 72 | |
| 3603254848 | Tsar | 73 | ||
| 3603257446 | Boyar | Russian aristocratic landlord | 74 | |
| 3603258487 | Cossack | Peasants recruited to migrate to newly seized lands in Russia, particularly in the south; combined agriculture with military conquests; spurred additional frontier conquests and settlements | 75 | |
| 3605837119 | Cossack Colony | A group of independent peasant fighting men | 76 | |
| 3603259375 | Old Believers | Russians who refused to accept the ecclesiastical reforms of Alexis Romanov; many exiled to Siberia or southern Russia | 77 | |
| 3603260505 | Time of Troubles | Following death of Ivan IV, boyars attempted to reestablish their authority; ended with selection of Michael Romanov as tsar | 78 | |
| 3605680622 | Pugachev Rebellion | Rebellion led by cossack Emelian Pugachev pretending to be the tsar | 79 | |
| 3605684912 | Partition of Poland | Division of Polish territory among Russia, Prussia, and Austria in 1772, 1793, and 1795; eliminated Poland as independent state | 80 | |
| 3613191779 | Amur River Agreement | Set new frontiers between Russia and China | 81 | |
| 3646869116 | Mita | Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion in the Inca empire | 82 | |
| 3646883153 | Encomienda | A grant allowing an individual conqueror to demand tribute and labor | 83 | |
| 3654217136 | Encomendero | The holder of an encomienda | 84 | |
| 3646953893 | Hacienda | Rural estates in Spanish colonies in the New World; produced agricultural products for American consumers | 85 | |
| 3646970643 | Consulado | Merchant guild of Seville that enjoyed monopoly rights over goods shipped to America and handled much of the silver received in return | 86 | |
| 3646977817 | Galleon | Large, heavily armed ships used to carry silver from New World colonies to Spain | 87 | |
| 3646980665 | Letrados | University-trained lawyers from Spain in the New World; judicial core of Spanish colonial bureaucracy | 88 | |
| 3646981957 | Viceroyalties | Major divisions of Spanish colonies in the New World that directly represented the king, one in Lima, one in Mexico City | 89 | |
| 3646982193 | Viceroys | High-ranking nobles who were direct representatives of the king | 90 | |
| 3646982220 | Audiencia | Judicial divisions controlled by superior courts staffed by professional royal magistrates who helped to make law and apply it | 91 | |
| 3652848948 | Recopilación | Body of laws codified into the basis for government in the Spanish colonies | 92 | |
| 3653135106 | Capitaincies | Strips of land along Brazilian coast granted to minor Portuguese nobles for development | 93 | |
| 3653379771 | Paulistas | Backwoodsmen from Sao Paolo in Brazil who explored the interior of Brazil, captured Indians and searched for precious metals | 94 | |
| 3653512355 | Mestizos | The mixed population of Europeans and Indians | 95 | |
| 3653541821 | Mulattos | The mixed population of Europeans and Africans | 96 | |
| 3653526901 | Sociedad de Castas | American social system based on racial origins with white Europeans at the top, Africans and Indians at the bottom, and mixed in the middle | 97 | |
| 3653550447 | Castas | People of mixed origins | 98 | |
| 3653599443 | Peninsulares | People living in the New World Spanish colonies but born in Spain | 99 | |
| 3653603124 | Creoles | People born in the New World | 100 | |
| 3653662647 | Amigos del Pais | Clubs and associations dedicated to material improvements and reform, rather than political, in Spanish colonies | 101 | |
| 3653915610 | Corregidores | Local Spanish magistrates | 102 | |
| 3820464184 | Caravels | Slender, long-hulled Portuguese ships | 103 | |
| 3824458737 | Mercantilist | Economic theorists that stressed government's promotion of limitation of imports from other nations and internal economies in order to improve tax revenues, popular during the 17th and 18th centuries | 104 | |
| 3829366405 | Factories | European warehouses where spices and other products could be stored until they could be shipped to Europe of elsewhere in Asia | 105 |
