AP Lang Vocab additions, Week 1
Terms : Hide Images
| 3733093374 | colloquialism | a word or phrase (including slang) used in everyday conversation and informal writing but that is often inappropriate in formal writing (y'all, ain't) | 0 | |
| 3733093375 | diction | a writer's or speaker's choice of words | 1 | |
| 3733093376 | point of view | the perspective from which a story is told | 2 | |
| 3733093377 | allegory | a literary work in which characters, objects, or actions represent abstractions | 3 | |
| 3733093378 | generic conventions | the traditions for each genre. These conventions help to define each genre; for example they differentiate between and essay and journalistic writing. | 4 | |
| 3733093379 | homily | a sermon on a moral or religious topic | 5 | |
| 3733093380 | parody | a composition that imitates somebody's style in a humorous way | 6 | |
| 3733093381 | prose | ordinary writing as distinguished from verse | 7 | |
| 3733093382 | satire | form of literature in which irony, sarcasm, and ridicule are employed to attack human vice and folly | 8 | |
| 3733093383 | ambiguous | open to two or more interpretations | 9 | |
| 3733093384 | atmosphere | The emotional tone or background that surrounds a scene | 10 | |
| 3733093385 | colloquial | characteristic of ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing | 11 | |
| 3733093386 | didactic | intended to teach or instruct | 12 | |
| 3733093387 | invective | abusive or venomous language used to express blame or censure or bitter deep-seated ill will | 13 | |
| 3733093388 | irony/ironic | The contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant; the difference between what appears to be and what actually is true. | 14 | |
| 3733093389 | mood | the feeling created in the reader by a literary work or passage | 15 | |
| 3733093390 | undertone | something that suggests a particular idea or feeling without directly saying or showing it | 16 | |
| 3733093391 | wit | In modern usage, intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights. Usually uses terse language that makes a pointed statement. | 17 | |
| 3733093392 | allusion | A reference to something literary, mythological, or historical that the author assumes the reader will recognize | 18 | |
| 3733093393 | aphorism | A brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life. | 19 | |
| 3733093394 | apostrophe | A figure of speech in which one directly addresses an absent or imaginary person, or some abstraction | 20 | |
| 3733093395 | conceit | a fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects | 21 | |
| 3733093396 | connotation | refers to the implied or suggested meanings associated with a word beyond its dictionary definition | 22 | |
| 3733093397 | euphemism | An indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant | 23 | |
| 3733093398 | extended metaphor | A metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work. | 24 | |
| 3733093399 | figurative language | writing or speech that is not meant to be taken literally | 25 | |
| 3733093400 | figure of speech | a word or phrase that describes one thing in terms of another and is not meant to be taken on a literal level | 26 | |
| 3733093401 | hyperbole | a figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor | 27 | |
| 3733093402 | alliteration | Repitition of the same sound beginning several words in sequence | 28 | |
| 3733093403 | allusion | Brief reference to a person, event, or place, real or fictitious, or to a work of art | 29 | |
| 3733093404 | anaphora | repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines | 30 | |
| 3733093405 | antimetabole | Repetition of words in reverse order (AKA chiasmus) | 31 | |
| 3733093406 | antithesis | Opposition, or contrast of ideas or words in a balanced or parallel construction | 32 | |
| 3733093407 | archaic diction | Old-fashioned or outdated choice of words | 33 | |
| 3733093408 | asyndeton | Omission of conjunctions between coordinating phrases, clauses, or words (as opposed to polysyndeton) | 34 | |
| 3733093409 | cumulative sentence | Sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence, and then builds and adds on details | 35 | |
| 3733093410 | hortative sentence | sentence that exhorts, advises, calls to action | 36 | |
| 3733093411 | imperative sentence | sentence used to command, enjoin, implore, or entreat | 37 | |
| 3733093412 | inversion | the reversal of the normal order of words | 38 | |
| 3733093413 | juxtaposition | placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts | 39 | |
| 3733093414 | metaphor | a figure of speech in which an expression is used to refer to something that it does not literally denote in order to suggest a similarity` | 40 | |
| 3733093415 | metonymy | substituting the name of an attribute or feature for the name of the thing itself (as in 'they counted heads') | 41 | |
| 3733093416 | oxymoron | a figure of speech consisting of two apparently contradictory terms | 42 | |
| 3733093417 | parallelism | Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses | 43 | |
| 3733093418 | periodic sentence | a complex sentence in which the main clause comes last and is preceded by the subordinate clause | 44 | |
| 3733093419 | personification | a type of figurative language in which a nonhuman subject is given human characteristics | 45 | |
| 3733093420 | rhetorical question | a statement that is formulated as a question but that is not supposed to be answered | 46 | |
| 3733093421 | zeugma | use of two different words in a grammatically similar way but producing different, often incongruous, meanings | 47 | |
| 3733093422 | anecdote | short account of an incident (especially a biographical one) | 48 | |
| 3733093423 | annotation | a critical or explanatory note or comment, especially for a literary work | 49 | |
| 3733093424 | antecedent | The noun to which a later pronoun refers | 50 | |
| 3733093425 | Aristotelian triangle | a diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience | 51 | |
| 3733093426 | audience | one's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed | 52 | |
| 3733093427 | close reading | A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text. | 53 | |
| 3733093428 | context | Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning. | 54 | |
| 3733093429 | polysyndeton | using several conjunctions in close succession, especially where some might be omitted (as in 'he ran and jumped and laughed for joy') | 55 | |
| 3733093430 | scheme | A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect. | 56 | |
| 3733093431 | trope | artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech | 57 | |
| 3733093432 | Argumentum ad Hominem | Discrediting an argument by attacking the person who makes it rather than the argument itself | 58 | |
| 3733093433 | Argumentum ad Baculum/ Appeal to Force | Audience is issued a threat or some other negative repercussion if the audience doesn't accept/ agree with the argument presented. | 59 | |
| 3733093434 | Argumentum ad Verecundiam/ Appeal to (Improper) Authority | Audience is expected to accept argument from a source that may not be reliable (source's authority is in an unrelated field) but that may be well-known or popular | 60 | |
| 3733093435 | Argumentum ad Traditio / Appeal to Tradition | This line of thought asserts that premise must be true because people have always believed in it or have done it. Also could suggest that since it worked in the past, it will work now. | 61 | |
| 3733093436 | Argumentum ad Populum / Appeal to Popular Opinion - (Bandwagon) | Claiming that a position is true because most people believe it is. | 62 | |
| 3733093437 | Argumentum ad Ignorantium/ Appeal to Lack of Evidence | Appealing to a lack of information to prove a point or arguing that since the opposition cannot disprove a claim, the opposite stance must be true. | 63 | |
| 3733093438 | Begging the Question | Using a premise to prove a conclusion when the premise itself assumes the conclusion is true; The first claim is initially loaded with the very conclusion one has yet to prove. | 64 | |
| 3733093439 | Circular Reasoning | Often writers using this fallacy take one idea and phrase it into two statements. The assertions differ sufficiently to obscure the fact that the same proposition occurs as both a premise and a conclusion. The writer then tries to "prove" his or her assertion by merely repeating it in different words. | 65 | |
| 3733093440 | False Dilemma - (Either/Or) | Suggesting only two solutions when other options could also available. | 66 | |
| 3733093441 | Faulty Analogy | Relying on comparisons rather than facts to prove a point | 67 | |
| 3733093442 | Hasty Generalization | Arriving at a conclusion based on an inadequate evidence or a sample that is too small | 68 | |
| 3733093443 | Loaded (Complex) Question | Combining two questions as if they were one, when really they should be answered or discussed separately | 69 | |
| 3733093444 | Misleading Statistic | Statistics that are not gathered by a large majority or that are portrayed as more drastic than they really are. | 70 | |
| 3733093445 | Non Sequitur | Using a premise to prove an unrelated point. The conclusion doesn't logically follow the explanation. | 71 | |
| 3733093446 | Poisoning the Well | Presenting negative information about a person before he/she speaks so as to discredit the person's argument | 72 | |
| 3733093447 | Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc - ("After this, therefore because of this") | Occurs when the writer/speaker mistakenly assumes that, because the first event preceded the second event, it must mean that the first event caused the later one. | 73 | |
| 3733093448 | Red Herring | Introducing an unrelated or invalid point to distract the reader/ audience from the actual argument | 74 | |
| 3733093449 | Slippery Slope | Suggesting that one step will inevitably lead to more, eventually negative steps | 75 | |
| 3733093450 | Stacking the Deck | When a writer/speaker tries to prove a point by focusing on only one side of the argument while ignoring the other; speaker stacks evidence in his/her favor by listing only those elements that support his/her case. | 76 | |
| 3733093451 | Straw Man | Attacking one of the opposition's unimportant or small arguments, while ignoring the opposition's best argument; oversimplifying an argument to attack the more simplified version instead of addressing the entire complex argument provided by the opponent | 77 | |
| 3733093452 | argument | a statement put forth and supported by evidence | 78 | |
| 3733093453 | assertion | An emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument. | 79 | |
| 3733093454 | claim | an assertion that something is true or factual | 80 | |
| 3733093455 | common ground | Shared beliefs, values, or positions. | 81 | |
| 3733093456 | concession | a reluctant acknowledgment or yielding | 82 | |
| 3733093457 | counterargument | A challenge to a position; an opposing argument. | 83 | |
| 3733093458 | deduction | reasoning from the general to the particular (or from cause to effect) | 84 | |
| 3733093459 | fact | information that has been objectively verified | 85 | |
| 3733093460 | induction | reasoning from detailed facts to general principles | 86 | |
| 3733093461 | occasion | an aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing | 87 | |
| 3733093462 | rhetoric | the study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion" | 88 | |
| 3733093463 | rhetorical modes | Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation. | 89 | |
| 3733093464 | premise | a statement upon which an argument is based or from which a conclusion is drawn | 90 | |
| 3733093465 | purpose | the author's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing | 91 | |
| 3733093466 | refute | to disprove; to successfully argue against | 92 | |
| 3733093467 | speaker | the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing | 93 | |
| 3733093468 | subject | in rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing | 94 | |
| 3733093469 | syllogism | a three-part deductive argument in which a conclusion is based on a major premise and a minor premise ("All men are mortal; Socrates is a man; therefore, Socrates is mortal.") | 95 | |
| 3733093470 | thesis | the central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer | 96 | |
| 3733093471 | thesis statement | a sentence or two that states the central idea in a work; the idea may be explicit or implicit | 97 | |
| 3733093472 | topic sentence | A sentence, most often at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis | 98 | |
| 3733093473 | voice | (Grammar) a term for the relationship between the verb and a noun (Rhetoric)a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing | 99 | |
| 3733093474 | Begging the Question: | Using a premise to prove a conclusion when the premise itself assumes the conclusion is true; The first claim is initially loaded with the very conclusion one has yet to prove. | 100 | |
| 3733093475 | Circular Reasoning: | Often writers using this fallacy take one idea and phrase it into two statements. The assertions differ sufficiently to obscure the fact that the same proposition occurs as both a premise and a conclusion. The writer then tries to "prove" his or her assertion by merely repeating it in different words. | 101 | |
| 3733093476 | False Dilemma: (Either/Or) | Suggesting only two solutions when other options could also available. | 102 | |
| 3733093477 | Faulty Analogy: | Relying on comparisons rather than facts to prove a point | 103 | |
| 3733093478 | Hasty Generalization: | Arriving at a conclusion based on an inadequate evidence or a sample that is too small | 104 | |
| 3733093479 | Loaded (Complex) Question: | Combining two questions as if they were one, when really they should be answered or discussed separately | 105 | |
| 3733093480 | Misleading Statistic: | Statistics that are not gathered by a large majority or that are portrayed as more drastic than they really are. | 106 | |
| 3733093481 | Non Sequitur: | Using a premise to prove an unrelated point. The conclusion doesn't logically follow the explanation. | 107 | |
| 3733093482 | Poisoning the Well: | Presenting negative information about a person before he/she speaks so as to discredit the person's argument | 108 | |
| 3733093483 | Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc - | ("After this, therefore because of this") Occurs when the writer/speaker mistakenly assumes that, because the first event preceded the second event, it must mean that the first event caused the later one. | 109 | |
| 3733093484 | Red Herring - | Introducing an unrelated or invalid point to distract the reader/ audience from the actual argument | 110 | |
| 3733093485 | Slippery Slope - | Suggesting that one step will inevitably lead to more, eventually negative steps | 111 | |
| 3733093486 | Stacking the Deck - | When a writer/speaker tries to prove a point by focusing on only one side of the argument while ignoring the other; speaker stacks evidence in his/her favor by listing only those elements that support his/her case. | 112 | |
| 3733093487 | Straw Man - | Attacking one of the opposition's unimportant or small arguments, while ignoring the opposition's best argument; oversimplifying an argument to attack the more simplified version instead of addressing the entire complex argument provided by the opponent | 113 |
