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AP Language and Composition Vocabulary Flashcards

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7090648245AlliterationThe repition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables0
7090648246allusionAn indirect reference, often to another text or an historic event1
7090648247Analogyan extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things2
7090648248Anaphorathe repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses3
7090648249AnecdoteA short account of an interesting event4
7090648250AnnotationExplanatory or critical notes added to a text5
7090648251AntecedentA noun to which a later pronoun refers6
7090648252AntimetaboleThe repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast.7
7090648253AntithesisParallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas8
7090648254AphorismA short, astute statement of a general truth.9
7090648255AppositiveA word or phrase that renames a nervy noun or pronoun10
7090648256Archaic dictationThe use of words common to an earlier period of time; antiquated language11
7090648257ArgumentA statement put forth and supported by evidence12
7090648258Aristotelian triangleA diagram the represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience13
7090648259Assertionan emphatic statement; declaration. When supported by evidence it becomes an argument14
7090648260AssumptionA belief or statement taken for granted without proof15
7090648261AsyndetonLeaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses.16
7090648262AttitudeThe speakers position on a subject as revealed through this or her tone17
7090648263AudienceOnes listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed18
7090648264AuthorityA reliable, respected source—someone with knowledge19
7090648265BiasPrejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue.20
7090648266CiteIdentifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source.21
7090648267ClaimAn assertion, usually supported by evidence22
7090648268Close readingA careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sent nice structure, vocabulary, and other literacy and structural elements of a text23
7090648269ColloquialismAn informal or conversational use of language.24
7090648270Common groundShared beliefs, values, or positions.25
7090648271Complex sentenceA sentence that includes on independent clause and at least one dependent clause26
7090648272ConcessionA reluctant acknowledgment or yielding.27
7090648273ConnotationThat which is implied by a word, as opposed to the words literal meaning28
7090648274ContextWords, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning.29
7090648275CoordinationGrammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but30
7090648276CounterargumentA challenge to a position; an opposing argument.31
7090648277Cumulative sentenceAn independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail32
7090648278Declarative sentenceA sentence that makes a statement.33
7090648279DeductionReasoning from general to specific34
7090648280DenotationThe literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition35
7090648281Dictionword choice36
7090648282DocumentationBibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing.37
7090648283ElegiacMournful over what has been passed or been lost; often used to describe tone38
7090648284EpigramA brief witty statement39
7090648285EthosThe Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals40
7090648286Figurative languageThe use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literacy effect41
7090648287figure of speechAn expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning.42
7090648288HyperboleExaggeration for the purpose of emphasis43
7090648289ImageryVivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing).44
7090648290imperative sentenceA sentence that requests or commands.45
7090648291InductionReasoning from specific to general. Inversion: a sent nice in which the verb precedes the subject46
7090648292IronyA contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result47
7090648293JuxtapositionPlacement of two things side by side for emphasis48
7090654638LogosA greek term that means "word"; and appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's rhetorical appeals49
7090656338MetaphorA figure of speech or trobe through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison50
7090660847MetonymyUse of an aspect of something to represent a whole51
7090662493OccasionAn aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing52
7090663214OxymoronA figure of speech that combines two or more contradictory terms53
7090664182ParadoxA statement that seems contradictor but is actually true54
7090666459ParallelismThe repition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns55
7090671483ParodyA piece that imitates and exxaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule56
7090674381PathosA greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals57
7090676988PersonaThe speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing58
7090678827PersonificationAssigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects59
7090680103PolemicAn argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion60
7090681600PolysyndetonThe deliberate use of a series of conjunctions61
7090682890Premisemajor, minor-Two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subjects from the minor premise.62
7090686356Major premise (example)All mammals are warm-blooded63
7090687304Minor premise (example)All horses are mammals64
7090688074Conclusion (example)All horses are warm-blooded65
7090690081PropagandaA negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information66
7090691688Purposeone's intention or objection in a speech pr piece of writing67
7090692921RefuteTo discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument68
7090694017RhetoricThe study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion"69
7090699622Rhertoric modesPatterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison, contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation70
7090707184Rhetorical questionA question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer71
7090710607Rhetorical triangleA diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience72
7090714359SatireAn ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it73
7090716800SchemeA patterns of words or sentence constuction used for rhetorical effect74
7090719276Sentence patternsThe arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into know sentence constructions, such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex75
7090723642Sentence varietyUsing a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect76
7090724449SimileA figure of speech tht uses "like" or "as" to compare two things77
7090727013Simples sentenceA statement containg a subjact and a predicate; an independent clause78
7090728206SourceA book, article person, or other resource consulted for information79
7090729161SpeakerA term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing80
7090731202Straw manA logical fallancy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent's position81
7090735030StyleThe distictive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words an figures of speech82
7090737113SubjectIn rhetoric, the topic addressed in a pice of writing83
7090739423Subordinate clauseCreated by subbordination conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause84
7090741095SubordinationThe dependent of one syntactical element on another in a sentence85
7090741934SyllogismA form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a maor premise86

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