Terms : Hide Images
| 4375241898 | Indian Ocean Commercial Network | interconnected web of commerce in premodern times between the lands that bordered on the Indian Ocean; badly disrupted by Portuguese intrusion beginning around 1500; for many centuries, Eastern goods had trickled into the Mediterranean through the Middle East | 0 | |
| 4375241899 | Trading Post Empire | created by Portuguese in Indian Ocean; aimed to control the commerce, not large territories or populations, and to do so by force of arms rather than by economic competition. in seek of the monopolization of the space trade that the Portuguese king grandly entitled; form of imperial dominance based on control of trade rather than on control of subject peoples | 1 | |
| 4375241900 | Philippines (spanish) | archipelago of Pacific islands colonized by Spain in a relatively bloodless process that extended for the century or so after 1565, a process accompanied by a major effort at evangelization; the Spanish named them the Philippine Islands in honor of King Philip II of Spain. beyond missionary enterprise, other features of Spanish colonial practice in the Americas found expression | 2 | |
| 4375241901 | British/Dutch East Indies Companies | private trading companies chartered by the governments of England and the Netherlands around 1600. given monopolies on Indian Ocean trade, including the right to make war and to rule conquered peoples; received charters from their respective governments granting them trading monopolies and the power to make war and to govern conquered people | 3 | |
| 4375241902 | Tokugawa | military rulers of Japan who successfully unified Japan by the early seventeenth century and established a "closed door" policy toward European encroachments; largely closed their country off from the emerging world of European commerce, although maintained trading ties to China and Korea | 4 | |
| 4375241903 | "Silver drain" | siphoning of money from europe to pay for luxury products of the east. Eventually the bulk of the world's silver supply make its way to china; demand set silver in motion around the world, w/ bulk of the world's silver supply winding up in China and much of the rest elsewhere in Asia | 5 | |
| 4375241904 | African diaspora | name given to the spread of African peoples across the Atlantic via the slave trade; transatlantic spread of African peoples injected into these new societies issues of race that endure still in the twenty-first century | 6 | |
| 4375241905 | Soft gold | nickname used in the early modern period for animal furs, highly valued for their warmth and as symbols of elite status; in several regions, the fur trade generated massive wealth for those engaged in it | 7 | |
| 4375241906 | Potosi | city that developed high in the Andes (In present-day Bolivia) at the site of the world's largest silver mine and that became the largest city in the Americas, w/ population of some 160,000 in the 1570's; city arose from a barren landscape, high in the Andes a ten-week mule trip away from Lima; size is now equivalent to that of London, Amsterdam or Seville | 8 | |
| 4375241907 | Benin/Dahomey | west-African kingdom ( in what is now Nigeria) whose strong kinds sharply limited engagement w/ the slave trade. A West African kingdom that became strong through its rulers' exploitation of the slave trade | 9 | |
| 4375241908 | Protestant Reformation | religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches | 10 | |
| 4375241909 | Catholic counter reformation | religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation. It clarified Catholic theology and reformed clerical training and discipline | 11 | |
| 4375241910 | Taki onqoy | "dancing sickness" a religious revival movement in central Peru in the 1560's whose members preached the imminent destruction of Christianity and of the Europeans in favor of a renewed Andean golden age | 12 | |
| 4375241911 | Jesuits in China | series of Jesuit missionaries in the late 16th and 17th centuries which, inspired by the work of Matteo Ricci, made extraordinary efforts to understand and become a part of the Chinese culture in their efforts to convert the Chinese elites, although w/ limited success.; recorded the court life and successes of Qing government | 13 | |
| 4375241912 | Wahabi Islam | major Islamic movement led by the Muslim theologian Abd al Wahhab (1703 — 1792) that advocated an austere lifestyle and strict adherence to the sharia or Islamic law | 14 | |
| 4375241913 | Wang Yangming | prominent Chinese philosopher (1472 — 1529) who argued that it was possible to achieve a virtuous life by introspection w/out the extensive education of traditional Confucianism | 15 | |
| 4375241914 | Kaozheng | research based on evidence" Chinese intellectual movement whose practioners emphasized the importance of evidence and analysis, applied especially towards historical documents | 16 | |
| 4375241915 | Mirabai | 16th century bhakti poet, devotee of Krishna. legend says she drank poison prasad from her in-laws, but was saved by Krishna; more devoted to god than husband, family-destroying female figure, helped break down barriers of caste | 17 | |
| 4375241916 | Sikhism | the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam | 18 | |
| 4375241917 | Copernicus | polish mathematician and astronomer, 1473 — 1543; offered that the sun is at the center of the solar system, earth rotates on its axis, and earth and planets revolve around the sun | 19 | |
| 4375241918 | Newton | English, 1642 — 1727; synthesized earlier findings around concept of universal gravitation; invented calculus, formulated concept of inertia and laws of motion | 20 | |
| 4375241919 | European Enlightenment | European intellectual movement of the eighteenth century that applied the lessons of the Scientific Revolution to human affairs and was noted for its commitment to open-mindedness and inquiry and the belief that knowledge could transform human society. | 21 | |
| 4375241920 | Voltaire | French writer, 1694 — 1778; works epitomize the Age of Enlightenment, often attacking injustice and intolerance, deist | 22 | |
| 4375241921 | The Great Dying | massive epidemic caused by old world diseases after Columbian exchange.; killed ninety percent of natives. long isolation from the Afro-Eurasian world and lack of most domesticated animals meant absence of acquired immunities to Old World diseases, such as smallpox, measles, typhus, influenza, malaria and yellow fever | 23 | |
| 4375241922 | Columbian exchange | exchange of plants, animals, culture and diseases between Europe and the Americans from the first contact through exploration and colonization | 24 | |
| 4375241923 | Peninsulares | descendants of the original conquistadores sought to protect their privileges against immigrant newcomers; these people came to Latin America and were of the highest social class | 25 | |
| 4375241924 | Mestizo | the new colonial societies in Mexico. were a mixed race population, initially the product of unions between Spanish men and Indian women | 26 | |
| 4375241925 | Mulattos | product of Portuguese-African union's predominated, but as many as forty separate and named groups, each indicating a different racial mixture, emerged in colonial Brazil | 27 | |
| 4375241926 | Plantation complex | colonies, such as those in south Africa, new Zealand, Algeria, Kenya and Hawaii where minority European populations lived among a majority of indigenous people; slaves used to grow cash crops | 28 | |
| 4375241927 | Settler complex | colonies in which the colonizing people settled in large numbers, rather than spending relatively small numbers to exploit the region | 29 | |
| 4375241928 | Siberia | region of central and eastern Russia stretching from rural mountains to the pacific ocean | 30 | |
| 4375241929 | Yasak | known as a tribute paid in cash or in kind that Russian rulers demanded from the Native peoples of Siberia mainly for pelts | 31 | |
| 4375241930 | Qing dynasty empire | ruling dynasty of China throughout 1644 to 1912; dynasty that helped expand the empire North by enlarging the territorial size of the country | 32 | |
| 4375241931 | Mughal empire | Muslim state ruling from India in 1529 through 1857; Muslim minority ruling over a Hindu majority; helped increase spread of arts, culture, religious tolerance | 33 | |
| 4375241932 | Akbar | Mughal India's most famous emperor, acted deliberately to accommodate the Hindu majority; reigned 1556 — 1605 He consolidated power over Northern India and is religiously tolerant. | 34 | |
| 4375241933 | Aurangzeb | emperor who reversed Akbar's policy of accommodation and sought to impose Islamic supremacy, under whom the empire reached its greatest extent, only to collapse after his death. | 35 | |
| 4375241934 | Ottoman Empire | the Islamic state was founded by Osman in Northwest Anatolia; encompassed lands in the middle east, North Africa and Balkans w/ eastern Europe. | 36 | |
| 4375241935 | Constantinople | Ottomans came in 1453 to conquer the city, and w/ it the Byzantine empire; marked the end of the Byzantine Empire | 37 | |
| 4375241936 | Devshirme | "the collecting" or the "gathering" was the Ottoman policy of taking boys from conquered Christian people to be trained as Muslim soldiers | 38 | |
| 4375241937 | Paleolithic | "old stone age", hunter-gatherer society that used stone tools; most likely started off in Africa and immigrated to different parts of the world (Middle East first, Pacific last); typically small, nomadic kinship groups w/ egalitarian treatment; low life expectancy although they only worked a few hours | 39 | |
| 4375241938 | Neolithic | used deliberate cultivation of particular plants and breeding of animals; less nomadic w/ exploitation of natural resources; high population growth; weather patterns at one points optimal for agriculture | 40 | |
| 4375241939 | Egalitarian | equality of all people; paleolithic period | 41 | |
| 4375241940 | Nomadic | moving around for food; associated w/ Paleolithic Period | 42 | |
| 4375241941 | Secondary Product Revolution | use of animals or plants for other purposes than food | 43 | |
| 4375241942 | Pastoral | simple, rural society | 44 | |
| 4375241943 | Civilization | complex society w/ urban development, social and economic stratification; organized and controlled which compelled obedience; emergence of cultural traditions | 45 | |
| 4375241944 | City-state | consists of city and dependent territories | 46 | |
| 4375241945 | Monumental architecture | large man-made architecture made of stone and earth that represent a civilization's power | 47 | |
| 4375241946 | Patriarchy | male-dominated social system | 48 | |
| 4375241947 | Social stratification | categorization of people into socioeconomic classes | 49 | |
| 4375241948 | Mandate of heaven | if a ruler doesn't fulfill his obligations as an emperor, he loses the mandate of heaven; associated w/ China | 50 | |
| 4375241949 | Theocracy | religious government | 51 | |
| 4375241950 | Aristocracy | power in a small, privileged class | 52 | |
| 4375241951 | Ancestor veneration | veneration/respect of the dead | 53 | |
| 4375241952 | Polytheistic | belief in more than one god | 54 | |
| 4375241953 | Hierarchy | people grouped into different statuses | 55 | |
| 4375241954 | Cunieform | writing of Mesopotamia | 56 | |
| 4375241955 | Hieroglyphics | writing of Egypt | 57 | |
| 4375241956 | Empire | territory under control of a ruler, often consists of many separate states/territories; state that encompasses a wide variety of peoples and cultures | 58 | |
| 4375241957 | Democracy | system of government in which power is vested in the people who rule either directly or through freely elected representatives | 59 | |
| 4375241958 | Greco-Persian wars | Greek settlements in Anatolia/Ionia come under Persian control; Greek/Ionian cities revolt w/ Athenian support; Persia launches offensives against Athenians; Greeks defeat the Persians | 60 | |
| 4375241959 | Plebians | common people or poor people | 61 | |
| 4375241960 | Legalism | process of setting up harsh rules that must be followed | 62 | |
| 4375241961 | Ashoka | Indian emperor of the Mauryan Dynasty; best known due to edicts | 63 | |
| 4375241962 | Sacred | revered due to religious beliefs | 64 | |
| 4375241963 | Old/New Testament | sacred text of Judaism, New Testament includes Christian additions | 65 | |
| 4375241964 | Bantu Migration | slow expansion of the Bantu-speaking peoples during the classical era; agricultural Bantus replaced hunter-gatherer Bantus; have cultural changes and adapt through cultural interactions; venerate ancestors, beliefs in evil spirits, had rituals around nature | 66 | |
| 4375241965 | Athens/Sparta | two city-states in Greece | 67 | |
| 4375241966 | Hinduism | main religion in India | 68 | |
| 4375241967 | Absolute ruler | ruler has absolute power among his people | 69 | |
| 4375241968 | Sortition | act of selecting/determining something by the casting/drawing of lots | 70 | |
| 4375241969 | Phillip of Macedonia | father of Alexander the Great who found success as a military tactician w/ an eye towards expanding Macedonia | 71 | |
| 4375241970 | Patricians | aristocrat/nobleman od Ancient Rome | 72 | |
| 4375241971 | Assimilation | absorb/integrate ideas and culture into used legalism to accomplish unification | 73 | |
| 4375241972 | Qin Shinhuangdi | ruler of Qin (221—210 BCE) who used legalism to accomplish unification | 74 | |
| 4375241973 | Monotheistic | doctrine/belief that there is only one god | 75 | |
| 4375241974 | Animism | spirit in nature | 76 | |
| 4375241975 | Shaman | person regarded having access to and influence in the world of benevolent/malevolent spirits using hallucinogens | 77 | |
| 4375241976 | Social mobility | movement of individuals b/w social strata | 78 | |
| 4375241977 | Confucianism | cultural tradition founded by Confucius in 6th century BCE that incorporated filial piety and appealed to the upper classes | 79 | |
| 4375241978 | Buddism | cultural tradition founded by Siddhartha Gautama in the 6th century that incorporated Nirvana and appealed to the lower classes | 80 | |
| 4375241979 | Satrap | ancient governor in the ancient Persian empire | 81 | |
| 4375241980 | Darius | third king of Persian empire | 82 | |
| 4375241981 | Alexander the Great | king of ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon | 83 | |
| 4375241982 | Punic wars | series of three wars b/w Rome and Carthage | 84 | |
| 4375241983 | Bureaucracy | body of non-elected government officials | 85 | |
| 4375241984 | Julius Caesar | Roman statesman who played critical role that led to demise of Roman empire | 86 | |
| 4375241985 | Vedas | large body of texts of Nubian civilization | 87 | |
| 4375241986 | Meroë | city at the heart of Nubian civilization | 88 | |
| 4375241987 | Chavin | religious movement in the Andean area | 89 | |
| 4375241988 | Phoenicians | ancient Semitic thalassocratic civilization situated on the coastal part of the Fertile Cresent | 90 | |
| 4375241989 | Daoism | religious tradition founded by Laozi in 6th century BCE which incorporated retreat into nature and simple living and appealed to lower and upper classes | 91 | |
| 4375241990 | Christianity | small Jewish sect founded by Jesus which was based on life and death of Jesus | 92 | |
| 4375241991 | Infrastructure | basic physical and organic structures needed for the operation of society | 93 | |
| 4375241992 | Solon | Athenian statesman who revised code of law established by Draco | 94 | |
| 4375241993 | Hellenistic Era | time when Greece flourished | 95 | |
| 4375241994 | Dichotomy | distinction b/w good and evil | 96 | |
| 4375241995 | Civil service | service to society | 97 | |
| 4375241996 | Secular | not subject/bound to religious rule | 98 | |
| 4375241997 | Upanishads | each of a series of Hindu sacred treaties | 99 | |
| 4375241998 | Axum | African civilization w/ plow-based agriculture | 100 | |
| 4375241999 | Moche | Mesoamerican civilization in Andes w/ complete irrigation system | 101 | |
| 4375242000 | Qanat system | irrigation system | 102 | |
| 4375242001 | Judaism | religious tradition founded by Hebrews in 6th century BCE that believed in 10 commandments | 103 | |
| 4375242002 | Zoroastrianism | religious tradition founded by Zarathustra in 6th century BCE and incorporated good/evil dichotomy, one god — Ahura Mazda | 104 | |
| 4375242003 | Silk roads | overland trading network throughout Eurasia that linked pastoral and agricultural people | 105 | |
| 4375242004 | Relay trade | goods being traded multiple times across the Silk road | 106 | |
| 4375242005 | Oasis cities | rest stops for traders | 107 | |
| 4375242006 | Bubonic plague | disease spread along the Silk road that killed a lot of people | 108 | |
| 4375242007 | Black Death | period of 4 years b/w 1346—1350 of bubonic plague that killed a third of Europe | 109 | |
| 4375242008 | Sea roads | sea-based trade routes linked people across the eastern hemisphere | 110 | |
| 4375242009 | Sand roads | trade routes across the Sahara linked North America and the Mediterranean w/ West Africa | 111 | |
| 4375242010 | Urban/Rural | 112 | ||
| 4375242011 | Mansa Musa | leader of Mali who believed he was the richest man in the world | 113 | |
| 4375242012 | Ibn Battuta | explorer who visited most of the known Islamic world | 114 | |
| 4375242013 | Caliphate | created the division of Sunni and Shia Muslims; eventually became absolute monarch | 115 | |
| 4375242014 | Xiongnu | nomadic groups that were dealt w/ as equals and China ended up paying tribute to | 116 | |
| 4375242015 | Neo-Confucianism | movement in religious philosophy derived from Confucianism in China | 117 | |
| 4375242016 | Song Economic Revolution | 118 | ||
| 4375242017 | Tribute system | network of trade and foreign relations b/w China and its tributaries that helped shape much of East Asian affairs | 119 | |
| 4375242018 | Trung Sisters Rebellion | army in attack on Chinese forces occupying land led by sisters | 120 | |
| 4375242019 | Seventeen Article Constitution | 121 | ||
| 4375242020 | Champa rice | quick-drying, drought resistant rice | 122 | |
| 4375242021 | Xenophobia | intense, irrational dislike of fear of people from other countries | 123 | |
| 4375242022 | Constantine | capital of the Roman province of Numidia | 124 | |
| 4375242023 | Justinian | 125 | ||
| 4375242024 | Caeseropapism | idea of combing the power of secular government w/ the religious power | 126 | |
| 4375242025 | Eastern Orthodox Church | second largest church in world; oldest religious institutions | 127 | |
| 4375242026 | Iconography | visual images/symbols used in a work of art or the study/interpretation of the images | 128 | |
| 4375242027 | Iconoclasm | action of attacking or assertively rejecting cherished beliefs, institutions, or established values/practices | 129 | |
| 4375242028 | Crusades | medieval military expidition | 130 | |
| 4375242029 | Urbanization | a population shift from rural to urban areas | 131 | |
| 4375242030 | Muhammad | prophet/founder of Islam | 132 | |
| 4375242031 | Mecca/Medina | city in western Saudi Arabia | 133 | |
| 4375242032 | Five Pillars of Islam | five basic acts in Islam considered mandatory by believers; foundation for Islam | 134 | |
| 4375242033 | Sharia law | body of moral and religious law derived from religious prophecy, as a opposed to human legislation | 135 | |
| 4375242034 | Sufis | group less concerned about Sharia law; mystical, rejection of legislative tendencies of Sharia | 136 | |
| 4375242035 | Umayyad dynasty | first of major Islamic dynasties established after Muhammad's death | 137 | |
| 4375242036 | Abbasid dynasty | dynasty that moved capital to Baghdad and was conquered by Mongols in 1258; veiling/seclusion and dictated treatment of women became normal | 138 | |
| 4375242037 | Ulama | scholars/authorities | 139 | |
| 4375242038 | Pastoral nomads | those who raise livestock and move about established territory to find animal pastures (i.e. the Mongols and Xiongnu) | 140 | |
| 4375242039 | Genghis Khan | man who was able to unite a fractious group of tribes/clans behind his charismatic leadership and military power | 141 | |
| 4375242040 | Khublai Khan | conquered China and and became the first emperor of the Mongol dynasty | 142 | |
| 4375242041 | Cultural diffusion | spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another | 143 | |
| 4375242042 | Emperor Yongle | first emperor of Ming Dynasty | 144 | |
| 4375242043 | Ming Dynasty | era of international trade and the growth of union economic centers | 145 | |
| 4375242044 | Zheng He | eunuch, mariner, explorer, diplomat, and fleet dominal during early Ming Dynasty | 146 | |
| 4375242045 | Hundred Years War | series of conflicts from 1337-1453 for control of France | 147 | |
| 4375242046 | Centralization | process by which the activities of an organization become concentrated with a particular group w/ all power | 148 | |
| 4375242047 | Feudalism | dominant social system in medival Europe which nobility held lands from crown in exchange for military service Japan: peasants not lowest class, respected, land rights Europe: peasants lowest class, not respected, land ownership | 149 | |
| 4375242048 | Primogeniture | state of being first-born child | 150 | |
| 4375242049 | Renaissance | "rebirth" or rediscovery of classical tests contained to elites | 151 | |
| 4375242050 | Humanism | liberal arts curriculum | 152 | |
| 4375242051 | Safavids | Persian lands emerge out of Sufi religious order that forcibly imposes Shia Islam | 153 | |
| 4375242052 | Chivalry | honor system; woman theoretically respected | 154 | |
| 4375242053 | Code of Bushido | code of conduct for Samurai that emphasized loyalty, courage, and honor | 155 | |
| 4375242054 | Hanseatic League | collection of city states in Baltic and North Sea regions of Europe | 156 | |
| 4375242055 | Gender parallelism | both genders are separate but equal spheres, enjoying autonomy in its own sphere | 157 |
