The terms and definitions for the vocabulary terms in Ways of the World: Chapter 5.
Terms : Hide Images
| 5347106333 | Ahura Mazda | In Zoroastrianism, the good god who rules the world. | 0 | |
| 5347106334 | Angra Mainyu | In Zoroastrianism, the evil god engaged in a cosmic struggle with Ahura Mazda | 1 | |
| 5347106335 | atman | The human soul which in classic Hindu belief seeks union with Brahman | 2 | |
| 5347106336 | Ban Zhao | A major female Confucian author of Han dynasty China (45 - 116 C.E.) whose works give insight into the implication of Confucian thinking for women | 3 | |
| 5347106337 | Bhagavad Gita | A great Hindu epic text, part of the much larger Mahabharata, which affirms the performance of caste duties as a path to religious liberation | 4 | |
| 5347106338 | bhakti movement | An immensely popular development in Hinduism, advocating intense devotion toward a particular deity | 5 | |
| 5347106339 | Brahman | The "World Soul" or final reality in upanishadic Hindu belief | 6 | |
| 5347106340 | Brahmins | The priestly caste of India | 7 | |
| 5347106341 | Buddhism | The cultural/religious tradition first enunciated by Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) | 8 | |
| 5347106342 | Confucianism | The Chinese philosophy first enunciated by Confucius, advocating the moral example of superiors as the key element of social order. | 9 | |
| 5347106343 | Confucius (Kong Fuzi) | The founder of Confucianism (551 - 479 BCE), an aristocrat of northern China who proved to be the greatest influence on Chinese culture in its history; Confucius | 10 | |
| 5347106344 | Constantine | Roman emperor (r. 306-337 CE) whose conversion to Christianity paved the way for the triumph of Christianity in Europe | 11 | |
| 5347106345 | Daodejing | The central text of Daoism; translated as The Way and Its Power | 12 | |
| 5347106346 | Daoism | A Chinese philosophy/popular religion that advocates simplicity and understanding of the world of nature, founded by the legednary figure Laozi | 13 | |
| 5347106347 | filial piety | The honoring of one's ancestors and parents, a key element of Confucianism | 14 | |
| 5347106348 | Greek rationalism | A secularizing system of scientific and philosophical thought that developed in classical Greece in the period 600 - 300 BCE; it emphasized the power of education and human reason to understand the world in non-religious terms | 15 | |
| 5347106349 | Hinduism | A word derived from outsiders to describe the vast diversity of indigenous Indian religious traditions | 16 | |
| 5347106350 | Hippocrates | A very influential Greek medical theorist (ca. 460 - ca. 370 BCE); regarded as the father of medicine | 17 | |
| 5347106351 | Isaiah | One of the most important prophets of Judaism, whose teachings show the transformation of the religion in favor of compassion and social justice | 18 | |
| 5347106352 | Jesus of Nazareth | The prophet/god of Christianity (ca. 4 BCE - 30 CE) | 19 | |
| 5347106353 | Judaism | The monotheistic religion developed by the Hebrews, emphasizing a sole personal god (Yahweh) with concerns for social justice | 20 | |
| 5347106354 | karma | In Hinduism, the determining factor of the level at which the individual is reincarnated, based on purity of action and fulfillment of duty in the prior existence | 21 | |
| 5347106355 | Laozi | A legendary Chinese philosopher of the 6th century BCE, regarded as the founder of Daoism | 22 | |
| 5347106356 | Legalism | A Chinese philosophy distinguished by an adherence to clear laws with vigorous punishments | 23 | |
| 5347106357 | Mahayana | "Great Vehicle"; the popular development of Buddhism in the early centuries of the Common Era, which gives a much greater role to supernatural beings and proved to be more popular than original Buddhism (called Theravada) | 24 | |
| 5347106358 | moksha | In Hindu belief, liberation from separate existence and union with Brahman | 25 | |
| 5347106359 | nirvana | The end goal of Buddhism in which individual identity is "extinguished," resulting in a state of serenity and great compassion | 26 | |
| 5347106360 | Plato | A disciple of Socrates whose Dialogues convey the teachings of his master while going beyond them to express Plato's own philosophy; lived from 429 - 348 BCE | 27 | |
| 5347106361 | Pythagoras | A major Greek philosopher (ca. 560 - ca. 480 BCE) who believed that an unchanging mathematical order underlies the apparent chaos of the world | 28 | |
| 5347106362 | Saint Paul | The first great popularizer of Christianity (10 - 65 CE) | 29 | |
| 5347106363 | Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha) | The Indian prince turned ascetic (ca. 566 - ca. 486 BCE) who founded Buddhism; the Buddha | 30 | |
| 5347106364 | Socrates | The first great Greek philosopher to turn rationalism toward questions of human existence (469 - 399 BCE) | 31 | |
| 5347106365 | Thales of Miletus | A Greek natural philosopher (ca. 624 - 547 BCE), noted for his application of reason to astronomy and for his questioning of the fundamental nature of the universe | 32 | |
| 5347106366 | Theodosius | Roman emperor (r. 379 - 395 BCE) who made Christianity the official religion of the Roman state, banning all polytheistic rituals | 33 | |
| 5347106367 | Theravada | "The Teaching of the Elders", early form of Buddhism that portrayed the Buddha as a wise teacher but not divine and that emphasized practices rather than beliefs | 34 | |
| 5347106368 | Upanishads | Sacred, mystical, and highly philosophical Indian texts that were written between 800 and 400 BCE | 35 | |
| 5347106369 | Vedas | The earliest religious texts of India, a collection of ancient poems, hymns, and rituals that were transmitted orally before being written down ca. BCE | 36 | |
| 5347106370 | warring states, age of | Period in China from 403 to 221 BCE that was typified by disorder and political chaos | 37 | |
| 5347106371 | yin and yang | Expression of the Chinese belief in the unity of opposites | 38 | |
| 5347106372 | Zarathustra | A Persian prophet, traditionally dated to the 6th or 7th century BCE (but perhaps much older) who founded Zoroastrianism | 39 | |
| 5347106373 | Zhuangzi | A Chinese philosopher (369 - 286 BCE) who spelled out the teachings of Daoism | 40 | |
| 5347106374 | Zoroastrianism | Persian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra | 41 | |
| 5347106375 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great (and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry) | 42 |
