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| 5028752728 | Biology is | the scientific study of life. | 0 | |
| 5028758863 | Cells are | the basic units of life. | 1 | |
| 5028763501 | Every organism, or living individual, consists of | one or more cells | 2 | |
| 5028769136 | Cells use DNA to | produce proteins. | 3 | |
| 5028776883 | All life shares five characteristics: | Organization Energy use Maintenance of internal constancy (Homeostasis) Reproduction, growth, and development Evolution | 4 | |
| 5028785609 | An atom is | The smallest chemical unit of a type of pure substance (element) and the smallest portion of an element Example: Carbon atom | 5 | |
| 5028793425 | ORGANISM is | A single living individual. Example: One acacia tree | 6 | |
| 5028806800 | Homeostasis is | the process by which a cell or organism maintains equilibrium. Example: Thermostat | 7 | |
| 5028825650 | Reproduction is either | asexual or sexual | 8 | |
| 5028828925 | Offspring of asexually reproducing organisms are | identical to their single parent. Example Strawberry Plants | 9 | |
| 5028842799 | Offspring of sexually reproducing organisms receive | genetic material from two parents. | 10 | |
| 5028932832 | Three Domains of Life | Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya | 11 | |
| 5028937515 | Taxonomy | The biological science of naming and classifying organisms. | 12 | |
| 5028947626 | Domain Bacteria and Domain Archaea are | prokaryotic and unicellular. | 13 | |
| 5028950793 | Organisms in Domain Eukarya have | cells with nuclei. | 14 | |
| 5028971796 | Matter is | any material that takes up space | 15 | |
| 5028974840 | Elements are | Substances that cannot be broken down into other substances | 16 | |
| 5028980125 | Bulk Elements are | elements which make up the majority of cells (C,H,O,N, +) | 17 | |
| 5028988216 | Trace Elements are | elements required in small amounts (Fe, ZN) | 18 | |
| 5028998324 | Protons are | positively charged particles; located in nucleus (center) of the atom | 19 | |
| 5029001218 | Neutrons are | uncharged particles; located in the nucleus of the atom | 20 | |
| 5029005136 | Electrons are | negatively charged particles; located in energy levels outside nucleus | 21 | |
| 5029042475 | Atomic Number is the | number of protons in nucleus | 22 | |
| 5029060411 | In a neutral atom the # of electrons ______ the # of protons | equal | 23 | |
| 5029067987 | How many electrons can all three energy shells hold? | 1st (closest) can hold 2 electrons 2nd can hold 8 electrons 3rd can hold 8 electrons =18 | 24 | |
| 5029078774 | The Valence shell is | an atom's outer-most energy shell | 25 | |
| 5029090420 | A Molecule is | two or more atoms covalently bonded together | 26 | |
| 5029095799 | A Compound is | two or more elemental materials united in a definite ratio | 27 | |
| 5029098766 | Electronegativity is | an atom's ability to attract electrons | 28 | |
| 5029102496 | An Ion is | charged atoms; have unequal numbers of electrons and protons | 29 | |
| 5029105094 | An Isotope is | atom with same number of protons but different number of neutrons | 30 | |
| 5029114105 | A Covalent Bond is | 2 or more atoms share pairs of electrons to form molecules | 31 | |
| 5029117891 | An Ionic Bond is | attraction between oppositely charged ions | 32 | |
| 5029130519 | Polarity is | partial charges on molecules due to unequal sharing of electrons | 33 | |
| 5029134927 | A Polar Covalent Bond is when | atoms share electrons unequally | 34 | |
| 5029137684 | A Hydrogen Bond is what | forms when partial positive regions of one polar molecule are attracted to the partial negative regions of another polar molecule | 35 | |
| 5029164806 | The 7 Properties of Water: | cohesion adhesion high surface tension resists temperature change water expands when frozen - solid (ice) less dense than liquid evaporative cooling solvent for many molecules, atoms, and ions | 36 | |
| 5029169678 | Cohesion is | the sticking together of particles of the same substance. | 37 | |
| 5029169679 | Adhesion | the action or process of adhering to a surface or object. | 38 | |
| 5029172474 | Solvent | able to dissolve other substances. | 39 | |
| 5029174976 | Solution | a liquid mixture in which the minor component (the solute) is uniformly distributed within the major component (the solvent). | 40 | |
| 5029177478 | Solute | the minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent. | 41 | |
| 5029177479 | Hydrophilic | having a tendency to mix with, dissolve in, or be wetted by water. Loves Water. | 42 | |
| 5029180667 | Hydrophobic | tending to repel or fail to mix with water. Hates Water. | 43 | |
| 5029182609 | Evaporation | is the process of a substance in a liquid state changing to a gaseous state due to an increase in temperature and/or pressure. | 44 | |
| 5029190673 | When liquid water begins to freeze, the molecules move | apart for maximum stability of their hydrogen bonds. | 45 | |
| 5029194026 | Ice is ______ dense than liquid water | Less | 46 | |
| 5029198362 | Three States of Water on Earth | Solid Liquid Gas | 47 | |
| 5029207478 | Acid is | a substance that causes increase of H+ ions in a solution | 48 | |
| 5029210935 | Base is | a substance which makes the concentration of OH- ions exceed the concentration of H+ ions | 49 | |
| 5029213823 | Neutral is | a substance which contains as much H+ as it does OH- | 50 | |
| 5029216438 | Buffer is | a substance that minimizes changes in the concentration of H+ and OH- ions in a solution. They help maintain a constant pH by consuming or releasing H+. | 51 | |
| 5029261240 | Phosphate |  | 52 | |
| 5029271433 | Amino |  | 53 | |
| 5029285695 | Carboxyl |  | 54 | |
| 5029294445 | Hydroxyl |  | 55 | |
| 5029298589 | Aldehyde |  | 56 | |
| 5029311472 | Ketone |  | 57 | |
| 5029317767 | Sulfhydryl |  | 58 | |
| 5029326871 | Methyl |  | 59 | |
| 5029333765 | Functional Group is a | Group that attaches to one of more of the carbons [replaces H] and changes the molecule's chemical properties. | 60 | |
| 5029340573 | When one or more functional groups are attached to the carbon skeleton | the nature and shape of the functional group determines most of the chemical behavior of the molecule | 61 | |
| 5029346787 | A Functional Group is generally know as | the active site of the molecule | 62 | |
| 5029353687 | Steroid |  | 63 | |
| 5029363124 | Organic molecules are a | chemical compounds which contain carbon and hydrogen | 64 | |
| 5029365967 | Monomers are | single subunits which make up large organic molecules |  | 65 |
| 5029369378 | Polymers are | long chain of monomer subunits linked together | | 66 |
| 5029372341 | Macromolecules are | large molecules | 67 | |
| 5029372342 | Carbohydrates are | organic molecules which consist of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen in the proportion C1H2O1; composed of simple sugar (monosaccharide) subunits | 68 | |
| 5029378667 | Lipids are | large organic molecules that typically do not dissolve in water | 69 | |
| 5029383788 | Proteins are | polymers which consist of amino acid subunits | 70 | |
| 5029386201 | Nucleic Acids are | polymers which consist of nucleotide subunits | 71 | |
| 5029389566 | Dehydration (Condensation) synthesis is a | chemical reaction which joins monomers together with the removal of a water molecule |  | 72 |
| 5029392448 | Hydrolysis is a | chemical reaction which separates monomers by the addition of a water molecule |  | 73 |
| 5029439679 | Monosaccharides (simple sugars) | are the monomers of the carbohydrates. | 74 | |
| 5029450777 | Glucose |  | 75 | |
| 5029458219 | Monosaccharides (simple sugars) which contain | 3 carbons are commonly called triose sugars 5 carbons pentose sugars 6 carbons hexose | 76 | |
| 5029466112 | Disaccharides are | two monosaccharides bonded together by a glycosidic bond (i.e., sucrose & lactose) | 77 | |
| 5029469164 | A glycosidic bond is | 78 | ||
| 5029476705 | Polysaccharides are | long chains of carbohydrates. | 79 | |
| 5029483747 | Cellulose | Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula n, a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β linked D-glucose units |  | 80 |
| 5029489815 | Starch | Starch or amylum is a polymeric carbohydrate consisting of a large number of glucose units joined by glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by most green plants as an energy store. | 81 | |
| 5029497202 | Glycogen | Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals and fungi. The polysaccharide structure represents the main storage form of glucose in the body. | 82 | |
| 5029505958 | Chitin | found in outside skeleton of arthropods and in the cell walls of fungi | 83 | |
| 5029508233 | 4 Roles of Carbohydrates: | Energy (fuel) source Storage Structure Protection | 84 | |
| 5029515714 | Proteins have more | variable structures and functions than any of the other organic molecules. | 85 | |
| 5029518463 | The monomers of proteins are | amino acids. | 86 | |
| 5029521796 | All amino acids have the same general structure. They all contain | amino and carboxyl functional groups. | 87 | |
| 5029526037 | The R group of amino acids is | variable | 88 | |
| 5029531995 | Dehydration synthesis binds two amino acids, forming a | dipeptide | 89 | |
| 5029534685 | A peptide bond connects | amino acids. |  | 90 |
| 5029547271 | Protein primary structure |  | 91 | |
| 5029552393 | Protein secondary structure |  | 92 | |
| 5029560994 | Protein tertiary structure |  | 93 | |
| 5029566902 | Protein Quaternary structure |  | 94 | |
| 5029573421 | The function of a protein depends on its | shape. | 95 | |
| 5029578128 | If a protein becomes ________, its shape changes, there for its function changes. | denatured | 96 | |
| 5029579854 | The 8 Roles of Proteins: | Energy (fuel) source Structure Catalytic Signaling/regulatory Contractile Transport Storage Protection/defense | 97 | |
| 5029588971 | Nucleic acids include . These molecules contain genetic information | DNA and RNA | 98 | |
| 5029591006 | Nucleic acids molecules contain | genetic information | 99 | |
| 5029593580 | The monomers of nucleic acids are | nucleotides | 100 | |
| 5029596863 | A nucleotide consists of a | Pentose sugar (Ribose or Deoxyribose) Phosphate group Nitrogenous Base | 101 | |
| 5029608743 | There are five types of nucleotides | adenine cytosine guanine uracil thymine | 102 | |
| 5029613469 | Only DNA uses the nucleotide | thymine | 103 | |
| 5029613470 | Only RNA uses the nucleotide | uracil | 104 | |
| 5029629339 | Both DNA and RNA use these 3 nucleotides | adenine cytosine guanine | 105 | |
| 5029633364 | There are two major groups of nitrogenous bases: | Pyrimidines and Purines | 106 | |
| 5029636416 | The nucleotides of the Pyrimidines base | cytosine uracil thymine | 107 | |
| 5029636417 | The nucleotides of the Purines base | adenine guanine | 108 | |
| 5029653440 | The size of Pyrimidines are | Small | 109 | |
| 5029653441 | The size of Purines are | Large | 110 | |
| 5029662418 | The bond between the nucleotide monomers is called a | posphodiester bond. | 111 | |
| 5029662419 | Role of Nucleic Acids | Storage and use of genetic information | 112 | |
| 5029668697 | 4 Lipid Types | Triglycerides Steroids Waxes Phospholipids | 113 | |
| 5029673430 | Unlike carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids, lipids are NOT | built from chains of monomers. | 114 | |
| 5029679346 | Dehydration synthesis links 3 fatty acids to a glycerol molecule, forming a . | triglyceride | 115 | |
| 5029682948 | All carbons of a saturated fatty acid are | bonded to four other atoms. They are saturated | 116 | |
| 5029689540 | Naturally occurring unsaturated fats that have kinks. | Cis Fats | 117 | |
| 5029696081 | Trans fats have double bonds, like unsaturated fats, but remain straight. They therefore are | solid at room temperature. | 118 | |
| 5029704295 | Cholesterol is in | is in animal cell membranes; also, several hormones are derived from cholesterol. | 119 | |
| 5029710077 | Phospholipids are an important component of the | cell membrane. | 120 | |
| 5029712607 | Phospholipids have a | polar (hydrophilic) head and two nonpolar (hydrophobic) tails. |  | 121 |
| 5029719888 | The 7 Roles of Lipids | Energy (fuel) source Long-term storage of energy Cell membrane structure Protection Insulation Cushioning Signaling | 122 |
