World Civilizations: The Global Experience | Seventh Edition | Peter N. Stearns
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| 3555120926 | world economy | Established by Europeans by the 16th century; based on control of seas; including the Atlantic and Pacific; created international exchange of foods, diseases, and manufactured goods. | 0 | |
| 3555122613 | Cape of Good Hope | Southern tip of Africa; first circumnavigated in 1488 by Portuguese in search of direct route to India. | 1 | |
| 3555124551 | Columbus, Christopher | Genoese captain in service of king and queen of Castile and Aragon; successfully sailed to New World and returned in 1492; initiated European discoveries in Americas. | 2 | |
| 3555125900 | Magellan, Ferdinand | (1480-1521) Spanish captain who in 1519 initiated first circumnavigation of the globe; died during the voyage; allowed Spain to claim Philippines. | 3 | |
| 3555128174 | Dutch East India Company | Joint stock company that obtained government monopoly over trade in Asia; acted as virtually independent government in regions it claimed. | 4 | |
| 3555128175 | British East India Company | Joint stock company that obtained government monopoly over trade in India; acted as virtually independent government in regions it claimed. | 5 | |
| 3555131365 | Lepanto | Naval battle between the Spanish and the Ottoman empire resulting in a Spanish victory in 1571. | 6 | |
| 3555131366 | core nations | Nations, usually European, that enjoyed profit from world economy; controlled international banking and commercial services such as shipping; exported manufactured goods for raw materials. | 7 | |
| 3555132940 | mercantilism | Economic theory that stressed governments' promotion of limitation of imports from other nations and internal economies in order to improve tax revenues; popular during 17th and 18th centuries in Europe. | 8 | |
| 3555132941 | mestizos | People of mixed European and Indian ancestry in Mesoamerica and South America; particularly prevalent in areas colonized by Spain; often part of forced labor systems. | 9 | |
| 3555135655 | Balboa, Vasco de | (c. 1475-1519) First Spanish captain to begin settlement on the mainland of Mesoamerica in 1509; initial settlement eventually led to conquest of Aztec and Inca empires by other captains. | 10 | |
| 3555137251 | Pizarro, Francisco | Led conquest of Inca Empire of Peru beginning in 1535; by 1540, most of Inca possessions fell to the Spanish. | 11 | |
| 3555137252 | New France | French colonies in North America; extended from St. Lawrence River along Great Lakes and down Mississippi River Valley system. | 12 | |
| 3555139162 | Seven Years War | Fought both in continental Europe and also in overseas colonies between 1756 and 1763; resulted in Prussian seizures of land from Austria, English seizures of colonies in India and North America. | 13 | |
| 3555139163 | Treaty of Paris | Arranged in 1763 following Seven Years War; granted New France to England in exchange for return of French sugar islands in Caribbean. | 14 | |
| 3555141318 | Cape Colony | Dutch colony established at Cape of Good Hope in 1652 initially to provide a coastal station for the Dutch seaborne empire; by 1770 settlements had expanded sufficiently to come into conflict with Bantus. | 15 | |
| 3555141319 | Boers | Dutch settlers in Cape Colony, in southern Africa. | 16 | |
| 3555141320 | Calcutta | Headquarters of British East India Company in Bengal in Indian subcontinent; located on Ganges; captured in 1756 during early part of Seven Years War; later became administrative center for all of Bengal. | 17 |
