Terms : Hide Images
| 6017051671 | Adequate intake | Recommendation of daily water intake | 0 | |
| 6017051672 | Male daily water intake | 13 cups/day | 1 | |
| 6017051673 | Female daily waternintake | 9 cups/day | 2 | |
| 6017051674 | What are some drinks that are not primary sources of fluid | Coffee, tea, alcohol, soft drinks. | 3 | |
| 6017051675 | What are some types of drinks that act as a diuretic. | Coffee, tea, alcohol | 4 | |
| 6017051676 | Hard water | Water that contains high amounts of minerals. Such as calcium and magnesium. | 5 | |
| 6017051677 | Soft water | Water that contains sodium. Must be careful with sodium sensitive clients. HTN | 6 | |
| 6017051678 | Acceptable level of lead in water supple? | <15 ppb | 7 | |
| 6017051679 | How to reduce chance that lead will leak into drinking water. | 1. Run water for 2 minutes after it has been standing in the pipes 2. Use only cold of water for drinking, cooking, preparing. 3 cold water absorbs less than hot water. | 8 | |
| 6017051680 | What are some of the most severe water threats regarding bacteria and virus. | Cholera and typhoid | 9 | |
| 6017214177 | Increased incidence of stomach cancer is associated with a certain bacteria that is found in some contaminated wAter. | Helicobacter pylori | 10 | |
| 6017214178 | Water | -Inorganic -passes quickly through small intestines. | 11 | |
| 6017214179 | Water functions | -provides structure to cells -reg. Body temp. -lubricant -cushions boy tissues -transports nutrients and waist -solvent -source of trace minerals -chem reactions | 12 | |
| 6017214180 | Insensible perspiration | water evaporation from alveolar surfaces and skin surface; cools the body while removing water | 13 | |
| 6037172088 | Newborn water % of total body weight? | 75%-80% | 14 | |
| 6037174109 | Adult male water % of total body weight? | 55%-60% | 15 | |
| 6037176430 | Adult female water % of total body weight? | 50%-55% | 16 | |
| 6037188016 | Fluid volume deficit (FVD) | -vascular, cellular, or intracellular dehydration -occurs from diarrhea, vomiting, high fever -sweating, diuretics, polyuria -Older adults and infants more at risk | 17 | |
| 6037206672 | Fluid volume excess (FVE) | -increased fluid retention and edema -compromised regulatory mechanism, excess intake fluid, or excess sodium intake | 18 | |
| 6037262315 | edema | excess accumulation of fluid interstitial spaces caused by seepage from circulatory system | 19 | |
| 6037272859 | water intoxication | -consumption of large quantities of water in a short time -causes muscles cramps, decreased blood pressure, and weakness. | 20 | |
| 6037293964 | cobalamin/B12 | -transport/ storage of folate needed for heme and cell formation and other functions -metabolism of fatty acids/amino acids | 21 | |
| 6037299977 | folate/ folic acid, folacin, PGA | -Coenzyme metabolism and other functions | 22 | |
| 6037305598 | pyridoxine/ B6 | -hemoglobin synthesis and other functions -forms coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate, PLP, for energy metabolism | 23 | |
| 6037310620 | vitamin k | -cofactor in synthesis of blood clotting factors; protein formation -protein formatin for bone mineralization | 24 | |
| 6037315563 | iron | -mineral -distributes oxygen in hemoglobin and myoglobin | 25 | |
| 6037319341 | zinc | -mineral -cofactor for more than 200 enzymes, including enzymes to make heme, genetic materials and proteins. -carb metabolism/insulin function | 26 | |
| 6037326652 | copper | -mineral -helps with iron use | 27 | |
| 6037513036 | vitamin D | -bone mineralization | 28 | |
| 6037519646 | vitamin A | bone growth, maintain epithelial cells, regulation of gene expression | 29 | |
| 6037524342 | thiamin/ B1 | coenzyme energy metabolism, ; muscle nerve action | 30 | |
| 6037540203 | riboflavin/ B2 | coenzyme energy metabolism | 31 | |
| 6037543428 | niacIn/ B3 | COFACTORS to enzymes involved in energy metabolism, glycolysis and tricarboxycolic acid cycle sythesis | 32 | |
| 6037556616 | pantothenic acid | -part of coenzyme A | 33 | |
| 6037587979 | biotin | metabolism of carbs, fats, and proteins | 34 | |
| 6037589934 | iodine | -mineral -thyroxine synthesis; regulates growth and development, BMR regulation | 35 | |
| 6037599240 | chromium | -mineral -carb metabolism, part of glucose tolerance factor | 36 | |
| 6037605742 | phosphorus | energy metabolism; enzymes -bone/tooth formation | 37 | |
| 6037607899 | sulfur | components of protein structures | 38 | |
| 6037610178 | calcium | bone and tooth formation | 39 | |
| 6037624868 | magnesium | bone structure | 40 | |
| 6037624869 | flouride | bone and tooth formation; increases stability of bone | 41 | |
| 6037629187 | Major minerals | -must be consumed daily of 100mg or higher | 42 | |
| 6138289332 | Trace monerals | Requires daily amounts less than or equal to 20mg. | 43 | |
| 6138289333 | Calcium | Major mineral | 44 | |
| 6138289334 | Chloride | Major mineral | 45 | |
| 6138289335 | Mag | Major mineral | 46 | |
| 6138289336 | Phosph | Major mineral | 47 | |
| 6138289337 | K+ | Major mineral | 48 | |
| 6138289338 | NA | Major mineral | 49 | |
| 6138289339 | Sulfur | Major mineral | 50 | |
| 6138289340 | Chromium | Trace mineral | 51 | |
| 6138289341 | Copper | Trace mineral | 52 | |
| 6138289342 | Flouride | Trace mineral | 53 | |
| 6138289343 | Iodine | Trace mineral | 54 | |
| 6138289344 | Iron | Trace mineral | 55 | |
| 6138289345 | Manganese | Trace mineral | 56 | |
| 6138289346 | Molybdenum | Trace mineral | 57 | |
| 6138289347 | Selenium | Trace mineral | 58 | |
| 6138289348 | Zinc | Trace mineral | 59 | |
| 6138289349 | Mineral | -Plant and animal foods -stable when foods containing them are cooked -inorganic -cofactors of the metabolic process | 60 | |
| 6138289350 | Bioavailability | Level of absorption or a consumed nutrient and is of nutritional concern | 61 | |
| 6138289351 | Binders | Substances in plant foods that combine with minerals to form indigestible compounds, making unavailable for use. | 62 | |
| 6138289352 | What is the only mineral returned to white flour trough enrichment? | Iron | 63 | |
| 6138289353 | Calcium | -structural and storage functions -nerve impulses, muscle contractions and relaxation, formation of blood clots and b/p regulation -dairy products green leafy veggies, legumes | 64 | |
| 6138289354 | Parathormone | -Secreted by parathyroid -raises blood claciun | 65 | |
| 6138289355 | Calcium rigor | -calcium is high -hardness or stiffness of muscles | 66 | |
| 6138289356 | Calcium tetany | -calcium to low -muscle spasms and nerve excitability | 67 | |
| 6138289357 | Calcitrol | -active vitamin D hormone -increase calcium | 68 | |
| 6138289358 | Calcium AI | -9-13years: 1300mg/day -19-50: 1000mg/day -over 50: 1200mg/day -pregnant and lactating: 1000mg/day -UL: 2500mg/day | 69 | |
| 6140060843 | Factors that increase calcium absorption | -lactose -Vit. D -acidic substances (ingested as part of a meal) - | 70 | |
| 6140060844 | Factors that decrease calcium absorption | -Binders: phytic and oxalic acid -age -dietary fat: form insoluble soaps -high fiber intake -laxative -high mag or phosph intake -sedative lifestyle | 71 | |
| 6140060845 | Mess that interfere with calcium absorption | -anticonvulsants, tetracycline, cortisone, thyroxine, aluminum containing antacids. | 72 | |
| 6140060846 | Osteoporosis | Bone density is low and remaining bone is brittle -s/s: dowagers hump | 73 | |
| 6140060871 | Osteomalacia | 74 | ||
| 6140060847 | Calcium toxicity | Constipation, urinary stones, reduction in iron or zinc and other minerals | 75 | |
| 6140060848 | Phosphorus | -85% found in bones and hydroxyapatite -other 15% function in energy transfer and genetic material of DNA. -RDA 700mg/day 19 > -UL: 4000mg/day | 76 | |
| 6140060849 | Phosphorus sources | -protein rich foods: eggs, meat, fish, poultry, cereal grains | 77 | |
| 6140060850 | Phosphorus toxicity | Cause calcium excretion from the body | 78 | |
| 6140060851 | Magnesium | -found in bones -regulates nerve and muscle functions: action of the heart -blood clotting process -immune system | 79 | |
| 6140060852 | Mag RDA | -400mg/day men -310mg/day women -UL: 350mg/day | 80 | |
| 6140060853 | Mag sources | Whole grains, legumes, broccoli, great leafy veggies, hard water | 81 | |
| 6140060854 | Mag deficiency | -due to secondary causes: excess vomiting, diarrhea -GI disorder or kidney disease -malnutrition, alcoholism -s/s: muscle twitching, muscle weakness, convulsions | 82 | |
| 6140060855 | Mag toxicity | Due to supplements Rare but serious | 83 | |
| 6140060856 | Sulfur | -component in protein structures -acid base balance -RDI -found In all protein containing foods -no deficiencies -toxicity is not a health issue | 84 | |
| 6140060857 | Sodium | -major cation in ECF -transmission of nerve impulses -b/p and volume maintained -regulating of fluids in and out of cell | 85 | |
| 6140060858 | Sodium AI | -1500mg/day for adults (3/4 tsp) -1300mg/day for 51-70yrs -UL 2300mg/day | 86 | |
| 6140060859 | Sodium deficiency | -dehydration and excess diarrhea --s/s: h/a, muscle cramps, weakness, reduced concentration, memory loss and loss of appetite | 87 | |
| 6140060860 | Hyponatremia | -Low blood sodium -acute a concern in endurance athletes -chronic may be due to necrologic and kidney disorders | 88 | |
| 6140060861 | Sodium toxicity | -HTN, edema | 89 | |
| 6140060862 | Potassium | -primary ICF cation -maintains fluid level inside of cell -crucial for nerve and muscle function | 90 | |
| 6140060863 | Potassium AI | -4700mg/day | 91 | |
| 6140060864 | Potassium sources | -best is naturally: fruits and veggies -other: whole unprocessed foods, white potatoes with skin, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, bananas, oranges, dairy products, legumes | 92 | |
| 6140060865 | Potassium deficiency | Muscle weakness, confusion, decreased appetite, cardiac dysrhythmias | 93 | |
| 6140060866 | Potassium toxicity | -usually occur only from supplements -s/a same as deficiency | 94 | |
| 6140060867 | Chloride | -key anion in ECF -maintaining fluid balances in and out of cell -component in hydrochloric acid | 95 | |
| 6140060868 | Chloride AI | -2300mg/day adults -2000mg/day 50> -1800mg/day 70> | 96 | |
| 6140060869 | Chloride sources | -foods containing sodium -sodium chloride | 97 | |
| 6138289359 | Calcitonin | -thyroid gland Lowers calcium and phosphate levels | 98 | |
| 6140374153 | Iron | -distribution of O2 | 99 | |
| 6140374154 | Iron RDA | -8mg/day men -18mg:day women -27mg/day pregnancy | 100 | |
| 6140374155 | Mucosal transferrin | -protein in intestinal mucosal cells -Moves iron to a protein carrier in blood transferrin -movement of iron from blow to bone marrow and tissues | 101 | |
| 6140374156 | Mucosal ferritin | -protein in intestinal mucosal cells -stores iron in mucosal cells | 102 | |
| 6140374157 | Heme iron | -Found in animal products -more easily absorbed | 103 | |
| 6140374158 | Nonheme iron | -found in plant sources, legumes, dried fruits, whole grain cereals, enriched grains -not as easily absorbed | 104 | |
| 6140374159 | Factors inhibiting iron absorption | -binders -tannins in coffee and tea -antacids -pica | 105 | |
| 6140374160 | Iron deficiency | -decreased energy, immune system, -child: easily distracted -feeling cold, decreased wound healing -endurance athletes | 106 | |
| 6140374161 | Hemosiderosis | -iron toxicity -may be caused by hemochromatosis -s/s: liver and heart damage, diabetes, arthritis, discoloration of the skin. Weakness and fatigue | 107 | |
| 6140374162 | Hemochromatosis | Genetic disorder that allows more dietary iron to absorbed than normal | 108 | |
| 6140374163 | Zinc | -cofactors for more than 200 enzymes; carbs and metabolism | 109 | |
| 6140374164 | Zinc deficiency | -decrease wound healing, decrease taste and smell -decreased sexual and physical development -immune disorders | 110 | |
| 6140374165 | Zinc toxicity | Similar to flu with vomiting, diarrhea, fever and exhaustion | 111 | |
| 6140374166 | Zinc RDA and UL | Men 11mg/day Women 8mg/day UL: 40mg/day | 112 | |
| 6140374167 | Zinc sources | Meat, fish, poultry, whole grains, legumes and eggs | 113 | |
| 6140374168 | Factors affecting zinc absorption | -binders-decrease | 114 | |
| 6140374169 | Iodine | -thyroxine synthesis, regulates growth and development Regulation of basal metabolic rate | 115 | |
| 6140374170 | Iodine deficiency | Decrease thyroxine (sluggishness and weight gain, goiter, cretinism) | 116 | |
| 6140374171 | Iodine toxicity | Thurotoxicosis | 117 | |
| 6140374172 | Iodine RDA and UL | Adults 150mcg/day UL: 1100mcg/day | 118 | |
| 6140374173 | Iodine sources | Iodized salt and seafood | 119 | |
| 6140374174 | Fluoride deficiency | Increases dental carries | 120 | |
| 6140374175 | Fluoride toxicity | Fluorosis | 121 | |
| 6140374176 | Fluoride RDA and UL | Men 4mg/day Women 3mg UL: 10mg | 122 | |
| 6140374177 | Fluoride sources | Fluoride water, tea, seafood and seaweed | 123 | |
| 6140374178 | Selenium deficiency | Possible lesbian disorder/cancer | 124 | |
| 6140374179 | Selenium toxicity | Liver damage, vomiting and diarrhea | 125 | |
| 6140374180 | Selenium RDA and UL | Adults 55 ug UL: 400mcg | 126 | |
| 6140374181 | Selenium sources | Meat, fish, eggs and whole grains | 127 | |
| 6140374182 | Copper deficiency | None demineralization and anemia | 128 | |
| 6140374183 | Copper toxicity | Wilson's disease or with supplements producing vomiting and diarrhea | 129 | |
| 6140374184 | Wilson's disease | Inherited disease which is an excess accumulation of copper in the liver, brain, and cornea of the eye | 130 | |
| 6140374185 | Copper RDA | Adults 35 ug UL: 10,000 ug | 131 | |
| 6140374186 | Copper sources | Organ meats, seafood, green leafy veggies | 132 | |
| 6140374187 | Chromium deficiency | Possible link with cardiovascular disorders, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia and unresponsive insulin | 133 | |
| 6140374188 | Chromium AI | Men 35 ug Women 25 ug | 134 | |
| 6140374189 | Chromium sources | Animal food and whole grains | 135 | |
| 6140374190 | Manganese AI | Men 2.3 mg Women 1.8mg UL: 11mg | 136 | |
| 6140374191 | Manganese sources | Whole grains, green leafy veggies, legumes | 137 | |
| 6140374192 | Molybdenum RDA | Adults 45 ug UL: 2000ug -found in many foods | 138 | |
| 6140374193 | Flourosis | Molting or brown spotting or the tooth enamel, pitting of teeth | 139 | |
| 6140374194 | Thyrotoxicosis | To much iodine causing and iodine induced goiter | 140 |
