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AP Psychology AP Exam Flashcards

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6724718089heart failurea person with type A personality is at risk for developing what?0
6724721593did not take into account personal thoughts/feelingsa major objection in the early Skinner approach is it...1
6724727981universal facial expressions across culturesa consistent research finding in facial expressions/emotions is...2
6724733065cerebral cortexmost active part of brain in decision making3
6724736882hallucinationsperceptions of nonexistent sensory stimulation (voices)4
6724739625syntaxthe rules of grammar5
6724741927instincta generally programmed action pattern6
6724753522hypnosisan induced heightened suggestibility in the individual7
6724760031episodic memorythe collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place.8
6724777048general adaptation syndrome (GAS)three predictable stages the body uses to respond to stressors9
6724779179approach-approach conflicta conflict between two desired gratifications10
6724793753james-lange theorythe theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli.11
6724796855cognitive dissonance theorythe theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent.12
6724804044dopaminean increase in this hormone can lead to schizophrenia13
6724809291gestalt principlesthe idea that we perceptually organize things into whole parts14
6724815684antisocial disorderdisorder in which person exhibits dishonesty, trouble with authority figures, and absence for remorse15
6724822829androgenyexhibiting both male and female characteristics16
6724828543experimental methodseeks to establish cause-effect relationship17
6724839094standardizationsets the norms against which the performance of later test takers can be evaluated18
6724842435significant differencea difference not likely due to chance19
6724846014negative reinforcementincreasing behaviors by stopping a negative stimuli, when removed strengthens the response (NOT PUNISHMENT)20
6724858574learned helplessnessthe hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversion events21
6724869039metacognitionthinking about thinking22
6724872484left cerebral hemispherespeech function primarily localized in23
6724876271inability to make and carry out plansdamage to frontal lobe leads to ...24
6724877239psychoanalysisthe phenomenon of transference25
6724880631behavioral therapycriticized for not treating underlying cause of disorder26
6724886621barbituratesdrug that acts as a central nervous system depressant27
6724892244responses reinforced in pastemphasis of behavior therapist's28
6724900937formation and modification of schema'semphasis of cognitive theorists29
6724906824hear soundswhen stimulated, the left temporal lobe causes patients to30
6724917830parasympathetic nervous systemestablishes homeostasis after a flight-or-flight response31
6724919342factor analysisdetermines the primary components of intelligence32
6724923559there is an inherent language acquisition devicechomskys view of language33
6724927493fluid intelligencethe ability to solve new problems, use logic in new situations, and identify patterns34
6724933691phi phenomenonwhen a pair of lights moving quickly appear as one single light35
6724941303the movement of Na and K ions across the membrane creating an action potentialoccurs when a neuron is stimulated to its threshold36
6724945234REM sleepcharacterized by rapid eye movements, more dreaming and bodily movement, and faster pulse and breathing37
6724952902self-fulfilling prophecya prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true due to positive feedback between belief and behavior.38
6724958458bipolar cellscones and rods generate neural signals that activate...39
6724960859smellthe thalamus does NOT control...40
6724967824experimenta scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.41
6724971614preoperational stagein Piaget's theory lasts from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age. During this stage, language development is rapid, but the child is unable to understand the mental operations of concrete logi42
6724977181frequencydetermines the pitch of a tone43
6724979474innatehumanistic psychologists believe drive toward self actualization is44
6724983778foveavisual acuity is best in the45
6724985966hippocampusarea of brain most affected by amnesia46
6724996579Rorschach & TAT testreveal subjects personalities by eliciting response to vague stimulus47
6725005352receptors, afferent neurons, inter neurons, efferent neurons, effector'scorrect sequence of neural chain48
6725008354its conclusions can be verified or refuted by subsequent studiesa study can only be considered scientific if...49
6725013663rootingbabies tendency for a baby to turn toward touch when cheek is touched50
6725022296terminal buttonswhere neurotransmitters are typically stored51
6725029263Hubel & Wieselshowed many cortical cells respond most strongly to specific visual information52
6725043512stimulus generalizationtendency for the conditioned stimulus to evoke similar responses after the response has been conditioned53
6725048480bipolar and ganglion cellsphoto receptors relay visual info to the brain through...54
6725057601psychotic disordershallucinations are a symptom of55
6725060267predicting children's success in schoolbinet's efforts to measure intelligence were directed at56
6725068115specific phobiatraining in construction of an anxiety hierarchy an relaxation techniques is part of treatment for what?57
6725072889esteem needsmaslow's hierarchy of needs states the needs to respect ourselves and others is classified w/i the category of58
6725082657sympatheticpart of nervous most immediately activated during sudden fear59
6725091292Schchater & Singerview emotion as a result of cognitive labels of psychological changes60
6725095369fundamental attribution errorthe tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal dispositio61
6725099539phonemesbasic sounds of language62
6725103305clinical disordersMMPI provides information about..63
6725106691variable ratiopartial reinforcement most resistant to extinction64
6725111318conservationrefers to the ability to determine that a certain quantity will remain the same despite adjustment of the container, shape, or apparent size. (7-11 yrs)65
6725120613procedural memorymemory of autonomic activities like handwriting and riding a bike66
6725122594brocas areaa region of the brain concerned with the production of speech67
6725128692reliabilitycorrelation between scores obtained on 2 halves of a test yields info about68
6725150522myelinmost involved in electrical aspect69
6725156845cognitivetherapy interested in the processing strategies of children70
6725167056classical conditioninga learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone71
6725170337hindsight biasthe tendency to think that we could have predicted something that has already occurred that we probably would not have been able to predict.72
6725173937irislight enters the eye through the opening in the73
6725178329eclectic approachincorporates a variety of therapeutic principles and philosophies in order to create the ideal treatment program to meet the specific needs of the patient or client.74
6725183654unfullfilled needsdisorders are most caused by... according to humanistic psycholigsts75
6725189407colorblindgenotype XXY means76
6725191876PNSsomatic nervous system is part of77
6725194403basilar membranefound in inner ear78
6725200404sublimationmature type of defense mechanism where socially unacceptable impulses or idealizations are unconsciously transformed into socially acceptable actions or behavior, possibly resulting in a long-term conversion of the initial impulse79
6725807865varianceprovides the most info about how spread out a distribution of scores is80
6725811493omission traininga behavior-analytic term that refers to a specific form of punishment in which a positive event is withdrawn contingent on the occurrence of a target behavior81
6725817166mental seta framework for thinking about a problem. It can be shaped by habit or by desire82
6725821492hindbrain and midbrainthe brain stem is comprised of ...83
6725823923regulating emotionthe limbic system plays an important role in84
672583217095%what percent of population scores between 70-130 on the WISC85
6725834709fixed-ratio schedulea schedule of reinforcement where a response is reinforced only after a specified number of responses86
6725840702over justification effectoccurs when an expected external incentive such as money or prizes decreases a person's intrinsic motivation to perform a task.87
6725847162approach- avoidance conflictoccur when there is one goal or event that has both positive and negative effects or characteristics that make the goal appealing and unappealing simultaneously88
6725851882identify origin of soundthe fact that our ears are on the side of our head helps us to89
6725857704shape constancywhen people's perception of the shape of an object does not change regardless of changes to the object's orientation.90
6725864762mere-exposure effecta psychological phenomenon by which people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them91
67258708936 monthswhen do babies gain the ability to sit up on their own?92
6725875390importance of physical contact to developmentharlow's monkey experiment illustrated...93
6725880134early 20'swhen do symptoms of schizophrenia usually develop?94
6728467375anthropologistsfirst to contend that an individuals way of thinking are shaped primarily by cultural values/ideas95
6728476773dopaminemost associated with the experience of pleasure96
6728483490cross-sectional researchprimary research method used by developmental psychologists97
6728488674learningbrain lesions in the hippo campus will lead to impairment with..98
6728496145diea person with major injuries to the medulla oblongota will99
6728503285psychoanalytic view of behaviorview that behavior is motivated by inner, unconscious forces100
6728510246maniacharacterized by abnormally elevated or expansive mood101
6728514351melatoninhormone essential to sleep regulation102
6728525067retinatransduces visual images103
6728530727alertnessnor epinephrine receptors appear to produce104
6728610024cerebellumLearning and memory Judges time Emotions Sounds Textures Voluntary movement105
6728610025hippocampusConsolidation of memory from short to long term106
6728625506hypothalamusHunger, thirst, temperature, sexual behavior, reward and pleasure107
6728647470spontaneous recoverythe appearance of a stimulus after a pause108
6728652238sleep stage 1Hallucinations Light Sleep Sensory Stimulu slow theta waves109
6728655552sleep stage 2sleep spindles Body temperature drops Heart rate drops Sleep talking occurs in this stage110
6728664764sleep stage 3/4Slow delta waves are produced in the brain Hard Sleep Bedwetting & Sleepwalking occur in this stage111
6728773718psychoanalytic therapyLook to uncover the patient's repressed unconscious issues and emotions freud112
6728776691humanistic therapyBoost self esteem, help realize potential and possibility for growth and self actualization rogers113
6728787418cognitive therapyConfront patient to show that their thoughts are irrational and counterproductive beck and ellis114
6728793799behavior modification therapyCorrect negative behavior by replacing the behavior with positive incentives and rewards skinner115
6728797741systematic desensitizationReplace behaviors such as a phobia or obsession by subbing fear or anxiety with positive behavior or incentives116
6728813467groupthinkmake decisions thinking it is okay the group influence117
6728816650deindividualismmob mentality, loss of self-awareness in group situations118
6728820165social facilitationschools/sports keep same age or level together119
6728822204cognitive dissonanceinconsistent, you do something even though you do not want to120

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