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| 4099906488 | Tragedy of the commons | The tragedy of the commons is an economic theory of a situation within a shared-resource system where individual users acting independently and rationally according to their own self-interest behave contrary to the common good of all users by depleting that resource. | 0 | |
| 4099906489 | Emissions trading | is a government-mandated, market-based approach to controlling pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. | 1 | |
| 4099906490 | Cost-benefit analysis | estimates and totals up the equivalent money value of the benefits and costs to the community of projects to establish whether they are worthwhile. | 2 | |
| 4099906491 | Positive externalaties | a benefit that is enjoyed by a third-party as a result of an economic transaction. | 3 | |
| 4099906492 | Negative externalaties | A negative externality is a cost that is suffered by a third party as a result of an economic transaction | 4 | |
| 4099906493 | World bank | The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programs | 5 | |
| 4099906494 | Marginal cost | the change in the total cost that arises when the quantity produced is incremented by one unit, that is, it is the cost of producing one more unit of a good. | 6 | |
| 4099906495 | Global economics | global economy is the economy of the world, considered as the international | 7 | |
| 4099906496 | World health organization | The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that is concerned with international public health of the U.S | 8 | |
| 4099906497 | Anthropocentric | A worldview that focuses on human welfare and well being | 9 | |
| 4099906498 | Stewardship | Stewardship is an ethic that embodies the responsible planning and management of resources. | 10 | |
| 4099906499 | Natural capital | Natural Capital can be defined as the world's stocks of natural assets which include geology, soil, air, water and all living things. | 11 | |
| 4099906500 | Human capital | is the stock of knowledge, habits, social and personality attributes, including creativity, embodied in the ability to perform labor so as to produce economic value. | 12 | |
| 4099906501 | GPI | Genuine progress indicator, or GPI, is a metric that has been suggested to replace, or supplement, gross domestic product (GDP) as a measure of economic growth. | 13 | |
| 4099906502 | GDP | Gross domestic product (GDP) is the monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period. | 14 | |
| 4099906503 | TFR | The number of children who would be born per woman | 15 | |
| 4099906504 | Replacement level fertility rate | the total fertility rate—the average number of children born per woman—at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next, without migration. | 16 | |
| 4099906505 | Demographic transition | the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops from a pre-industrial to an industrialized economic system. | 17 | |
| 4099906506 | Age structure diagram | is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population | 18 | |
| 4099906507 | Carrying capacity | a biological species in an environment is the maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain | 19 | |
| 4099906508 | Biotic potential | Maximum rate a population can grow | 20 | |
| 4099906509 | Thomas malthus | Matetician who published his theories on population growth and unlimited resources | 21 | |
| 4099906510 | Survivorship curve | Graph showing the porportion of individuals surving in each age group | 22 | |
| 4099906511 | Rule of 70 | a useful rule of thumb for quickly calculating the doubling time for something | 23 | |
| 4099906512 | S curves | Used to describe a pattered growth | 24 | |
| 4099906513 | J curve | Graph showing a populations growth | 25 | |
| 4099906514 | CBR | the number of live births occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year | 26 | |
| 4099906515 | CDR | the total number of deaths per year per 1,000 people | 27 | |
| 4099906516 | Affluence | the state of having a great deal of money; wealth. | 28 | |
| 4099906517 | Family planning | the practice of controlling the number of children in a family and the intervals between their births, | 29 | |
| 4099906518 | IPAT equation | Equation that estimates imapact of human life styles | 30 | |
| 4099906519 | Municipal solid waste | Refuse collected by people | 31 | |
| 4099906520 | Waste stream | Flow of solid waste | 32 | |
| 4099906521 | E-waste | Electonic devices thrown away | 33 | |
| 4099906522 | Composting | Cration of organic matter | 34 | |
| 4099906523 | Leachate | Liquid that contains a high level pf pollutants | 35 | |
| 4099906524 | Sanitary landfill | An engineered ground facility to hold waste | 36 | |
| 4099906525 | Incineration | Process of buring waste | 37 | |
| 4099906526 | Bottom ash | Residue at the bottom of a combustion chamber | 38 | |
| 4099906527 | Hazerdous waste | Waste with all toxic chemicals | 39 | |
| 4099906528 | CERCLA | Act that imposes taxes on chemical and petroleum clean up | 40 | |
| 4099906529 | Rock cycle | a group of changes. Igneous rock can change into sedimentary rock or into metamorphic rock. | 41 | |
| 4099906530 | Igneous rock | is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. | 42 | |
| 4099906531 | Intrusive igneous rock | igneous rocks form when magma cools slowly below the Earth's surface. | 43 | |
| 4099906532 | Extrusive igneous rock | Extrusive igneous rocks form when magma reaches the Earth's surface a volcano and cools quickly | 44 | |
| 4099906533 | Sedimentary rock | Rock that has formed through the deposition and solidification of sediment, especially sediment transported by water (rivers, lakes, and oceans), ice ( glaciers ), and wind. | 45 | |
| 4099906534 | Metamorphic rock | A metamorphic rock is a type of rock which has been changed by extreme heat and pressure. | 46 | |
| 4099906535 | Astenosphere | The layer of the earth located in the outter part of the mantle | 47 | |
| 4099906536 | Hot spot | Where molten material from earths mantle reaches the lithosphere | 48 | |
| 4099906537 | Plate techtonics | Theory that the lithosphere of the earth is divided into plates | 49 | |
| 4099906538 | Divergent plate boundary | Place where plates move away from eachother | 50 | |
| 4099906539 | Seafloor spreading | Formation of new ocean crust | 51 | |
| 4099906540 | Convergent plate boundaries | Where plates move towards eachother | 52 | |
| 4099906541 | Transform boundary | Area where plates move sideways past each other. | 53 | |
| 4099906542 | Integrated waste management | Approach to waste disposal that employs several waste reduction , management, and disposal stratagies | 54 | |
| 4201516412 | Earthquake | sudden violent shaking of the ground, typically causing great destruction, as a result of movements within the earth's crust or volcanic action. | 55 | |
| 4201516413 | Epicenter | Exact point on the surface directly above the location where rock ruptures during an earthquake. | 56 | |
| 4201516414 | Chemical weathering | The break down of rocks and minerals by chemical reactions. | 57 | |
| 4201516415 | Acid precipitation | Precipitation in high sulfuric acid and nitric acid from reactions between water vapor and sulfur nitrogen oxides. | 58 | |
| 4201656293 | Physical weathering | rocks breaking apart without changing their chemical composition. Over time, movements of the Earth and environment. | 59 | |
| 4201656294 | Erosion | Physical removal of rock fragments from a landscape or ecosystem. | 60 | |
| 4201656295 | Parent material | The rock material from which the inorganic components | 61 | |
| 4201699947 | Soil degradation | The loss of some or all of a soils ability to support plant growth. | 62 | |
| 4201699948 | Horizon | A horizontal layer in a soil defined by distinctive physical features such as texture an color. | 63 | |
| 4201699949 | horizon O | The organic horizon at the surface of many soils, composed of organic detritus in various stages of decomposition. | 64 | |
| 4201699950 | Horizon A | Frequently the top layer of soil, a zone of organic material and minerals that have been mixed together . | 65 | |
| 4201739106 | Horizon E | A zone of leaching | 66 | |
| 4201739107 | Horizon B | A soil horizon composed of mineral material with very little organic matter. | 67 | |
| 4202943151 | Horizon C | The least weathered soil horizon | 68 | |
| 4202943152 | Transpiration | Release of water from leaves during photosynthesis | 69 | |
| 4202943153 | Evapotranspiration | Combined amount of evaporation and transpiration | 70 | |
| 4202943154 | Run off | Water that moves across the land surface and into streams and rivers | 71 | |
| 4202943155 | Nitrogen fixation | Process in which organisms covert nitrogen gas molecules into ammonia | 72 | |
| 4202943156 | Nitrification | Conversion of ammonia into nitrite then into nitrate | 73 | |
| 4202943157 | Assimilation | Process by which producers incorporate elements into their tissues | 74 | |
| 4202943158 | Ammonification | Fungal and bacterial decomposers break down organic nitrogen found in dead bodies. | 75 | |
| 4202943159 | Denitrification | Conversion of nitrate in a series of steps into the gases nitrous oxide and eventually nitrogen gas. | 76 | |
| 4202943160 | Biosphere | Region of our planet where life resides and is a combination of all ecosystems | 77 | |
| 4202943161 | Producer | Organism that uses energy of the sun to produce energy | 78 | |
| 4202943162 | Heterotroph | Organism that is incapable of photosynthesis and must obtain its energy by consuming other organisms. | 79 | |
| 4203058592 | Detrivore | An organism that specializes in breaking down dead tissues | 80 | |
| 4204897675 | Decomposers | organisms that break down dead or decaying organisms, and in doing so,they carry out the natural process of decomposition. | 81 | |
| 4204897676 | Aerobic respiration | process of producing cellular energy involving oxygen | 82 | |
| 4204897677 | Anaerobic respiration | process of producing cellular energy without oxygen. | 83 | |
| 4204897678 | Tropic levels | Level of organism consuming | 84 | |
| 4204897679 | Food chains | Flow of energy from organisms | 85 | |
| 4204897680 | GPP | the total amount of energy produced by vegetation | 86 | |
| 4204897681 | Npp | Energy captured by producers in an ecosystem minus | 87 | |
| 4204897682 | Biomass | Total mass of all living matter in a area | 88 | |
| 4204897683 | Ecological efficiency | The proportion of consumed energy that can be passed from one tropic level to another | 89 | |
| 4204897684 | Trophic pyramid | A representation of the distribution of biomass, numbers, or energy among tropic levels | 90 | |
| 4205176172 | Competitive exclusion principal | the same resource cannot coexist at constant population values, if other ecological factors remain constant. | 91 | |
| 4205176173 | Resource portioning | When two species divide a resource based in differences in their behavior or morphology. | 92 | |
| 4205176174 | Parasitism | An interaction in which one organism lives on or in another organism | 93 | |
| 4205176175 | Mutualism | A relationship between 2 species that increases the chances of survival or reproduction for both species | 94 | |
| 4205176176 | Commensalism | A relationship between species in which one specie benefits and the other specie is neither harmed not helped | 95 | |
| 4205176177 | Keystone species | A species that plays a far more important role in its community than its relative abundance might suggest | 96 | |
| 4205176178 | Tundra | A cold and treeless biome with low growing vegetation | 97 | |
| 4205176179 | Permafrost | An impermeable , permanently frozen layer of soil | 98 | |
| 4205176180 | Boreal forest | A Forrest biome made up of primarily coniferous evergreen trees that can tolerate cold winters and show growing seasons | 99 | |
| 4205176181 | Temperate rainforest | A costal biome typified by moderate temperature and high precipitation | 100 | |
| 4205176182 | Temperate seasonal forest | A biome with warm summer and cold winters with over 1m of precipitation annually | 101 | |
| 4205176183 | Woodland | A biome characterized by hot , dry summers and mild , rainy winters | 102 | |
| 4205176184 | Temperate grassland | A biome characterized by cold, harsh winters, and hot, dry summers | 103 | |
| 4205289917 | Tropical rainforest | A warm wet biome 20 degrees north 20 degrees south of the equator with little seasonal temperature variation and high precipitation | 104 | |
| 4205289918 | Tropical seasonal forest | A biome marker by warm temperatures and distinct wet and dry seasons | 105 | |
| 4205289919 | Subtropical desert | A biome prevailing at approximately 30 degrees north and 30 degrees south with hot temperatures , extremely dry conditions and sparse vegetation | 106 | |
| 4205289920 | Species richness | The number of species in a area | 107 | |
| 4205289921 | Species evenness | The relative proportion of individuals | 108 | |
| 4205289922 | Evolution | A change in genetic composition of a population over time | 109 | |
| 4205289923 | Gene | A physical location on the chromosomes within each cell of an organism | 110 | |
| 4205289924 | Mutation | A random change in the genetic code produced by mistake in the copying process | 111 | |
| 4205718006 | Recombination | Process where one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another one during reproductive cell division | 112 | |
| 4205718007 | Artificial selection | Process in which humans determine which individuals breed with a preconceived set of traits in mind | 113 | |
| 4205718008 | Natural selection | When the environment determines which individuals survive and reproduce | 114 | |
| 4205718009 | Gene flow | When individuals move from one population to another altering genetic composition of both populations | 115 | |
| 4205718010 | Genetic drift | A change in genetic composition of a population as a result of random mating | 116 | |
| 4205718011 | Bottleneck effect | A reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by reduction in its size | 117 | |
| 4205718012 | Founder effect | A change in the genetic composition of a population as a result of descending from a small number of colonizing individuals | 118 | |
| 4205870327 | Geographic isolation | Physical separation of a group of individuals from others of the same species | 119 | |
| 4205870328 | Allopatric speciation | The process of speciation that occurs with geographic isolation | 120 | |
| 4205870329 | Reproductive isolation | The result of two populations within a species evolving separately to the point that they can no longer interbreed and produce viable offspring | 121 | |
| 4205870330 | Sympatric speciation | The evolution of one species into two, without geographic isolation | 122 | |
| 4205870331 | GMO | An organism produced by copying genes from a species with a desirable trait and inserting them into another species | 123 | |
| 4205870332 | Generalist species | A species that can live under a wide range of abiotic or biotic conditions | 124 | |
| 4205870333 | Specialist species | A species that is specialized to live in a specific habitat or to feed on a small group of species | 125 | |
| 4205870334 | Population | The individuals that belong to the same species and live in a given area at a particular time | 126 | |
| 4205870335 | Community | All of the populations of organisms with a given area | 127 | |
| 4205870336 | Ecological succession | The predictable replacement of one group of species by another group of species over time | 128 | |
| 4205870337 | Primary succession | Ecological succession occurring on surfaces that are initially devoid of soil | 129 | |
| 4205870338 | Secondary succession | The succession of plan life that occurs in areas that | 130 | |
| 4205870339 | Pioneer species | A species that can colonize new areas rapidly and grow well in full sunshine | 131 | |
| 4205870340 | Clear cutting | A method of harvesting trees that involves removing all or almost all of the trees within an area. | 132 | |
| 4205870341 | Rangeland | A dry open grassland | 133 |
