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4392694735Martin Luther0
4392741263Lutheranism1
4392744261Counter Reformation2
4392741264Protestant Reformation3
4392697279John Calvin4
4392697280Edict of Nantes5
4392697281Charles V6
4392699350Philip II7
4392886978Spanish Armada8
4393082601War of Three Henrys9
4392723397Mary Tudor10
4392699351Queen Elizabeth11
4392701292Henry VIII12
4392708481Jesuits13
4392712172Ignatius Loyola14
4392727364Hugenoets15
4392735558German Peasant Revolt16
4392737201Peace of Augsburg17
4392773481Thirty Year's War18
4392961024Peace of Westphalia19
4392759958Prince Henry the Navigator(1394-1460) Portuguese prince who established an observatory and school of navigation at Sagres and directed voyages down the west coast of Africa that spurred the growth of Portugal's colonial empire.20
4392789030Christopher ColumbusAn Italian navigator who was funded by the Spanish Government to find a passage to the Far East. He is given credit for discovering the "New World," even though at his death he believed he had made it to India. He made four voyages to the "New World." The first sighting of land was on October 12, 1492, and three other journeys until the time of his death in 1503.21
4392791311Columbian ExchangeThe transfer of goods, crops, and diseases between New and Old World societies after 1492.22
4392799625Ferdinand and IsabellaParents of Catherine of Aragon. During the late 15th century, they became King and Queen of a united Spain after centuries of Islamic domination. Together, they made Spain a strong Christian nation and also provided funding to overseas exploration, notably Christopher Columbus.23
4392804656Vasco da GamasSailed to India and defeated the Arab fleets with cannons, sparking the spice trade.24
4392804657Amerigo VespucciAD Italian explorer and navigator who, upon exploring the American mainland and the South American coast, concluded that Columbus' discovery was actually a new world. It was named "America" in his honor.25
4392807088Ferdinand Magellan26
4392810578Hernando Cortes27
4392814723Francisco Pazzaro28
4392836193Atlantic Slave Trade29
4392848949William Shakespeare30
4392848950Micheal de Montaigne31
4392869553The Scientific Revolution32
4392892726The Enlightenment33
4393052021Tycho Brahe34
4393054819Johannes Kepler35
4393057333Galileo Galilei36
4393057334Sir Isaac Newton37
4393059427Francis Bacon38
4393059428René Descartes39
4396427179Salon40
4392903513John Locke41
4392911604Montesquieu42
4392911605Voltaire43
4392914499David Hume44
4396432889Enlightened absolutism45
4392922993War of Austrian Succession46
4392917322Jean-Jacques Rousseau47
4392920798Seven Years' War48
4392938498Cathrine the Great49
4392938499Emelian Pugachev50
4392941367Joseph II51
4392943348Maria Theresa52
4392945433Haskalah53
4392946907Open-Field System54
4392971620Agricultural Revolution55
4392980041Putting-out System56
4392982376The Industrial Revolution57
4392982377Adam Smith58
4392984278Urban Guilds59
4392984279Economic Liberalism60
4392987751Mercantillism61
4393000957John Wesley62
4393009237The Three Estates63
4393012956Louis XIV64
4393009238Louis XV65
4393015894Estates General66
4393015895National Assembly67
4393020463Abbe de Sieyes68
4393023009Storming of Bastille69
4393027896The French Revolution70
4393034054Robespierre71
4393031128The Reign of Terror72
4393403862Mary Wollstonecraft73
4393410201The Great Fear74
4393433428The Mountain75
4393432163Girondists76
4393447419The Thermidorian Reaction77
4393452715Napoléon Bonaparte78
4393464475Napoleonic Code79
4396445479Continental System80
4393466694Concordat of 180181
4393474662Congress of Vienna82
4393476672Treaty of Paris83
4393478349principle of legitimacy84
4393483231Holy Alliance85
4393483232Tsar Alexander I86
4393485529Carlsbad Decrees87
4393485530Clemens von Metternich88
4393489420Edmund Burke89
4393489434Liberalism90
4396451004Laissez-faire91
4396451005Nationalism92
4396452822French Utopian Socialism93
4396452823Socialism94
4396456142Karl Marx95
4396456143Marxism96
4396459763The Communist Manifesto97
4396459764RomanticismIntellectual movement begun in reaction to the dominance of Enlightenment Reason. criticized Reason, suggesting that it could not answer all questions. Leading artists and writers included Hegel, Schiller, Schinckel, Keats, Wordsworth, Percy Shelley, Mary Shelley, and Delacroix.98
4396463933Alexander Ypsilanti99
4396465580The Corn Laws100
4396468206Glorious Revolution101
4396471471Reform Bill of 1832102
4396471472People's Charter103
4396473812Ten Hours Act of 1847104
4396476322The Great Famine105
4396478423Louis XVIII106
4396478424Charles X107
4396515003Louis Philippe108
4396518010François Guizot109
4396518011Louis Blanc110
4396523814The June Days111
4396523815Frankfurt Assembly112
4396527101Edwin Chadwick113
4396529653Baron Georges Haussmann114
4396534473Labor aristocracy115
4396539013Charles Darwin116
4396539014Social Darwinism117
4396540400Realism118
4396547588Napoleon III119
4396550790Crimean War120
4396553716Giuseppe Mazzini121
4396555470Vincenzo Gioberti122
4396559041Charles Albert123
4396559042Victor Emmanuel124
4396562344Cavour125
4396564400Giuseppe Garibaldi126
4396573508Frederick William127
4396576170Count Otto von Bismarck128
4396578858Franco-Prussian War129
4396578859Alexander II130
4396581099Alexander III131
4396589043The Russian Revolution of 1905132
4396589044Bloody Sunday133
4396590652October Manifesto134
4396594033Kulturkampf135
4396594034The Dropping of the Pilot136
4396597401Paris Commune137
4396597402President Adolphe Thiers138
4396600122Dreyfus affair139
4396600123Émile Zola140
4396602956Reform Act of 1832141
4396602957John Stuart Mill142
4396602977Second Reform Bill143
4396610533Third Reform Bill of 1884144
4396610534People's Budget145
4396612319David Lloyd-George146
4396616522The First International147
4396616523The Second International (1889-1914)148
4396618279Revisionism149
4396622582Eduard Bernstein150
4396649660Opium trade151
4396653424Treating of Nanking152
4396654868Gunboat Diplomacy153
4396657027Great Migration154
4396659344New imperialism155
4396659345Afrikaners156
4396661290Berlin conference157
4396671116White man's burden158
4396673567Great Rebellion159
4396685681Tsar Nicholas II160
4396685695February Revolution161
4396689344Petrograd Soviet162
4396689345Army Order No. 1163
4396689346Lenin164
4396691506Bolshevik165
4396645677Black Hand166
4396520159The June Days167
4396691507Tronsky168
4396693681Stalin169
4396693682Treaty of Brest-Litovsk170
4396697035War Communism171
4396697036Second Battle of Marne172
4396700703World War I173
4396700704Kulaks174
4396756169Treaty of Versailles175
4396756170World War II176
4396759617War guilt clause177
4396761908Balfour Declaration178
4396779312existentialism179
4396779313Soren Kierkengaard180
4396779314Friedrich Nietzsche181
4396779315Planck182
4396779316Sigmund Freud183
4396779317goedel184
4396779318stream of conciousness185
4396779319modernism186
4396779320functionalism187
4396779321Walter Gropius188
4396779322Bauhaus189
4396779323impressionism190
4396779324expressionism191
4396779325surrealism192
4396779326dadaism193
4396779327postimpressionism194
4396779328Guernica195
4396779329Kaynes196
4396779330the Little Entente197
4396779331Weinmar Republic198
4396779332Bavarian Beer Hall Putsche199
4396779333Gustav Stresemann200
4396779334Kellogg-Briand Pact201
4396779335Great Depression202
4396779336Keynes203
4396779337fiscal policy204
4396779338Popular Front205
4396811404Nuremberg Trials206
4396811405Teheran207
4396811406Yalta208
4396811407Pitsdam209
4396811408Truman210
4396811409Truman Doctrine211
4396811410Marshall plan212
4396811411Stalin213
4396811412Pasternak214
4396811413Khruschev215
4396811414Dr. Zhivago216
4396811415Solzhenitsyn217
4396811416Nagy Kadar218
4396811417Brezhnev219
4396821497Conservative Authoritarianism220
4396821498Totalitarianism221
4396821499Communism222
4396821500Fascism223
4396821501Eugenics224
4396821502New Economic Policy225
4396821503Lenin226
4396821504Stalin227
4396821505Leon Trotsky228
4396821506Five year plan229
4396821507Collectivization of agriculture230
4396821508Kulaks231
4396821509Mussolini232
4396821510socialist realism233
4396821511great purge234
4396821512socialismEconomic ideology, opposed to Capitalism and Laissez Faire, that holds that key industry and the means of production should be centrally controlled by the government, so that workers will not be abused by bourgeoisie factory owners.235
4396821513black shirts236
4396821514Giacomo Matteotti237
4396821515Lateran Agreement238
4396821516Adolf Hitler239
4396821517The Nazi Party240
4396821518Heinrich Brüning241
4396821519Enabling Act242
4396821520Brown Shirts (SA)243
4396821521Heinrich Himmler244
4396821522SS245
4396821523Nuremberg Laws246
4396821524Kristallnacht247
4396821525Axis248
4396821526Guernica249
4396821527Anschluss250
4396821528Appeasment251
4396821529Neville Chamberlain252
4396821530Munich Conference253
4396821531blitzkrieg254
4396821532Holocaust255
4396821533New Order256
4396636122The Battle of the Somme257
4404707846Chartist MovementReform movement in Britain of the 1830s and 1840s that demanded progressive political reforms like universal adult male suffrage and the right of working- class people to serve in Parliament. Although it failed at the time, the goals of Chartism were eventually reached.258

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