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AP Language Terms Flashcards

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3039315674absolutea word free from limitations or qualifications0
3039315675aesthetic effect/purposethe psychological responses to beauty & artistic experiences1
3039315676allegoryan extended metaphor2
3039315677alliterationthe repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning or in the middle of two or more adjacent words3
3039315678allusiona reference to a specific body of knowledge4
3039315679anadiplosisthe repetition of the last word of one clause and at the beginning of the following clause5
3039315680analogya comparison of two different things that are similar in some way6
3039315681anaphorathe repetition of a group of a word at the beginning of successive clause7
3039315682anecdotea brief narrative offered in a text to capture the audience's attention or to support a generalization of a claim8
3039315683anticipated objectiona technique a writer/speaker uses in an argumentative text to address and answer objections, although the audience hasn't yet voiced their objections9
3039315684antithesisthe juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas, often in a parallel structure10
3039315685aphorisma short, often witty statement or a truth about life11
3039315686appeala persuasive strategy dealing with logos, pathos, and ethos12
3039315687asyndetonthe omission of conjunctions between related clauses13
3039315688cause & effecta rhetorical strategy that examines the relationship between events or conditions and their consequences14
3039315689chiasmusinverted relationship between two elements in two parallel phrases15
3039315690claimthe ultimate conclusion, generalization, or point the a syllogism or enthymeme expresses16
3039315691classificationa rhetorical strategy, dividing a subject into categories and then analyzes the characteristics of each category17
3039315692clichean expression that has been overused to the extent that it has lost it's original meaning18
3039315693colloquialisma word or phrase used in everyday conversation & informal writing but that is often inappropriate in formal writing19
3039315694compare & contrasttwo complementary strategies that examines the similarities and differences between two subjects20
3039315695conceita figure of speech in which two vastly different things are likened together with the help of similes or metaphors21
3039315696connotationthe implied meaning of a word, in contrast to its directly expressed dictionary meaning22
3039315697controlling ideaan idea that provides the common thread that ties a text together23
3039315698cumulative sentencean independent clause followed by a series of phrases or clauses that gathers details about a person, place, event, or idea24
3039315699deductive reasoningreasoning that begins with a general principle and concludes with a specific instance that demonstrates the general principle25
3039315700definitiona writing strategy that describes the nature of an abstract or concrete subject26
3039315701denotationthe "dictionary definition" of a word, in contrast to its connotation (implied meaning)27
3039315702descriptiveusing words of something or someone through detailed observation of color, motion, sound, taste, smell, and touch to create a picture28
3039315703dictionword choice, which is viewed on scales of formality/informality, concreteness, and abstractness29
3039315704didacticformal writing whose purpose is to instruct or to teach30
3039315705dominant impressiona principle effect the author wishes to create for the audience in descriptive writing31
3039315706elliptical construction (ellipsis)the omission of words, the meaning which is provided by overall context of a passage32
3039315707emphatic ordera method that uses a sequenced list in persuasive writing33
3039315708epitheta word or phrase adding characteristic to a person's name34
3039315709ethosthe appeal of a text to the credibility and character of the speaker, writer, or narrator35
3039315710euphemisman indirect expression of unpleasant information in such a way as to lessen its impact36
3039315711figurative languagelanguage dominated by the use of the scheme and tropes37
3039315712framingthe use of the same features, wording, setting, or topic at both the beginning and end of a literary work so as to "frame" or enclose it38
3039315713imagerylanguage that evokes particular sensations or emotionally rich experiences in a reader39
3039315714incongruitya situation where two unlike things are placed together40
3039315715inductive reasoningreasoning that begins by citing a number of instances or examples and then shows how collectively they constitute a general principle41
3039315716invectivea verbally abuse attack42
3039315717ironywriting or speaking that implies the contrary of what is actually written or spoken43
3039315718isocolonparallel elements that are similar in structure and in length44
3039315719litotesan understatement45
3039315720logical fallacya mistake in reasoning46
3039315721logosan appeal of a text based on the logical structure of its argument or central ideas47
3039315722loose sentencea sentence that adds modifying elements after the subject, verb, & compliment48
3039315723metaphoran implied comparison that does not use the word like or as49
3039315846metonomyan entity referred to by one of its attributes or association50
3039315847narrativean anecdote or a story offered in support of a generalization, claim, or point51
3039315848onomatopoeiaa literary device in which the sound of a word is related to its meaning52
3039315849oxymoronjuxtaposed words with seemingly contradictory meanings53
3039315850paradoxa statement that seems untrue on the surface but is true nevertheless54
3039315851parallelisma set of similarly structured words, phrases, or clauses that appears in a sentence or a paragraph55
3039315852parodya work ridiculing the style of another work by imitating and exaggerating its elements56
3039315853pathosthe appeal of a text to the emotions or interests of the audience57
3039315854pedanticterm used to describe a person who makes an excessive or inappropriate display of learning58
3039315855periodic sentencea sentence with modifying elements included before the verb and/or compliment59
3039315856point of view/vantage pointthe perspective or source of a piece of writing60
3039315857qualifiera word or phrase that precedes an adjective or adverb, increasing or decreasing the quality signified by the modified word61
3039315858repetitionin a text, the repeated use of sounds, words, phrases, or clauses to emphasize meaning or achieve effect62
3039315859rhetorical questiona question posed by the speaker or the writer not to seek answer but instead to affirm or deny a point63
3039315860rhetorical trianglea diagram showing the relations of the writer or speaker, reader or listener, and text in a rhetorical situation64
3039315861sarcasmthe use of mockery or bitter irony65
3039315862satirea work that reveals a critical attitude towards some element of human behavior by portraying it in an extreme way66
3039315863schemean artful variation from typical formation and arrangement of words or sentences67
3039315864semanticsthe field of linguistics concerned with the study of meaning in language68
3039315865sensory languagea strategy used in descriptive writing to enhance a reader's five senses69
3039315866syllogismlogical reasoning from inarguable premises70
3039315867synesthetic image (synesthesia)a technique adopted by writers to present ideas, characters, or places in such a manner that appeals to more than one sense71
3039315868syntaxthe order of words in a sentence72
3039315869tautologya group of words that merely repeats the meaning already conveyed73
3039315870tonethe writer's or speaker's attitude towards the subject matter74
3039315871Toulmin argumentan organizational structure used in argumentative writing75
3039315872tricolonsentence consisting of 3 parts of equal importance and length76
3039315873tropean artful variation from expected modes of expression of thoughts and ideas77
3039315874understatementthe deliberate playing down of a situation to make a statement78
3039315875voicerefers to the relationship between a sentence's subject & verb, or the total "sound" of a writer's style79
3039315876warrantin argument, a plausible assertion that a reader must agree with in order to accept the claim80
3039315877zeugmaa trope in which one word, usually a noun or the main idea, governs two other words not related in the meaning81

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