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AP Statistics (POD 3) Flashcards

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6016242774Pie ChartQualitative data display that shows how a "whole" divides into categories using wedges of a circle whose area corresponds to the category proportions; avoid when there are many different categories0
6016242775OutliersIndividual observation(s) that falls outside the overall pattern of the distribution; often unusually high or low values1
6016242776Bar ChartQualitative display showing the frequency or relative frequency for each category next to the each other for easy comparison.2
6016242777Segmented Bar ChartQualitative display where sub-categories are represented by a segment of the bar which is proportional to its relative frequency; aka stacked bar chart3
6016242778Relative FrequencyProportion of a data set with a certain value (or range of values); allows meaningful comparisons between data sets even if the sample sizes differ4
6016242779Stem and Leaf PlotQuantitative display that groups similar values into class intervals while still displaying the individual data values; useful for discussing shape and outliers of relatively small data sets5
6016242782HistogramQuantitative display that groups silimar values into class intervals whose relative frequencies are represented by adjacent bars; useful for discussing shape and outliers of larger data sets6
6016242783Class intervalSpan of values of a quantitative (usually continuous) variable; used to group similar values together to identify larger patterns7
6016242784Frequency DistributionQuantitative display that shows each measurements of a sample and the number of times each measurement was observed8
6016242785Cumulative relative frequencyThe proportion of a data set that is less than or equal to a given value or interval9
6016242788ModeMost common value(s) in a data set; visually the peak of a data distribution10
6016242789unimodalHaving one mode; shape of a data distribution with a single peak11
6016242790bimodalHaving two modes; shape of a data distribution with two, approximately equal peaks12
6016242791uniformDistribution with approximately equal frequencies for all values or class intervals; shape of a distribution with very little variation in frequency13
6016242792Skewed rightDistribution where the positive tail stretches significantly farther than the negative tail14
6016242793normal curveSymmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes many distributions; most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes15
6016242794Heavy-tailedDistribution whose upper and lower tails do not decline as rapidly as a normal curve; more variability than a normal distribution16
6016242795Light-tailedDistribution whose upper and lower tails decline more rapidly than the normal curve; less variability than a normal distribution17
6016242796Sampling VariabilityThe tendency of sample results to differ between samples—something we must measure in order to effectively do inference18
6016242797ScatterplotQuantitative display which represents the values of two variables; can be used to determine the direction and strength of the relationship between the two variables19
6016242798Time series plotQuantitative display used to study patterns in the values over time; points can be connected since neither variable is independent20
6016335147Comparative Bar ChartQualitative display where sub-categories are represented by seperate bars that are grouped together into categories21
6016529185Skewed leftDistribution where the negative tail stretches significantly farther than the positive tail22

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