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AP World History Exam Flashcards

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6685180450DemocracyType of government ruled by the people.0
6685182230Direct DemocracyAll citizens decide , works better in small populations.1
6685185826Representative DemocracyCitizens vote for representatives to make decisions for them.2
6685189298Parliamentary DemocracyExecutive and legislative functions both reside in the elected assembly.3
6685189299AutocracyA system of government by one person with absolute power.4
6685191676DictatorshipWhen power is seized by or granted to an individual member of society.5
6685194147Totalitarian DictatorshipA political system in which the state recognizes no limits to its authority.6
6685195672Absolute MonarchyA form of monarchy in which one ruler has supreme authority and no restrictions.7
6685198041Constitutional MonarchyA form of monarchy following a constitution.8
6685198042TheocracyRuled by a single leader usually claims to be chosen by God.9
6685199813OligarchyA small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.10
6685199814AnarchyNo government11
6685199833ReligionA particular system of having faith or worshipping12
6685202318Abrahamic Religion- Christianity, Judaism, Islam - All monotheistic - Abraham was a prophet13
6685204990Christianity100 CE; Christians were the minorities of many civilizations until 324 CE; In the Roman Empire Christians were persecuted; Emperor Constantine(Rome) eventually makes it the official religion of Rome and rebuilt churches14
6685204991JudaismAbraham was the first Jew to speak to God Started in the Middle East Torah - Jewish Holy Book15
6685204992Islam700 CE in Saudi Arabia; By 800 CE it spreads to Africa, Asia, and Europe through trade; Muslim book of law = Quran/Kuran16
6685207304BuddhismNot an Abrahamic religion 2,500 years ago in Nepal Siddhartha Gotama = Buddha, No god17
6685207305Hinduism900 million followers today; 150 BCE, began in India; Henothesitic - One god presented in many - Main god is Brahman18
6685209939Mesopotamia- Began to live here as early as 10,000 BCE - Land between two rivers (Tigris & Euphrates) - Fertile Crescent19
6685209940Ancient Greece- 800 BCE to 500 BCE - Created Democracy - Art, poetry, sports - City State20
6685212289Ancient Rome- 753 BCE to 476 CE - Italy - Tiber River - Representative Democracy - Military - Laws21
6685212290Han Empire- Located in China - 206 BCE - 200 CE - Fought with the Romans and lost - Pacific Ocean22
6685216112Mauryan Empire- Located in India - 321 BCE to 185 BCE - Ganges River - Largest standing army - Buddhism23
6685219956Abbasid EmpireSecond of the two greatest dynasties of the Muslim Empire of the caliphate 750-1258 CE Overthrew the Umayyad caliphate in 75024
6714534859Middle Ages400's - 1400's Starts with the fall of rome (476) Ends at the renaissance25
6714534860Christian CrusadesCrusade = Religious war Began around 1095 Christians vs. Muslims26
6714536457Byzantine EmpireByzantine = Eastern half of Roman Empire 285 - 1453 CE First christian state27
6714539222Chinese CivilizationsSui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, Song Dynasty28
6714539672Fall of Han DynastyFell around 220 CE, Battle of Red Cliffs Jin Dynasty took over next 589 CE - Sui Dynasty takes over29
6714542012Sui DynastyGolden Age of China 589 - 618 Goals: Build Great Wall of China, Expand China's territory, Build the Grand Canal Defeated by their own military30
6714542013Tang DynastyLowered taxes Had female ruler Increased Trade31
6714543960Song DynastyRaises taxes Trade increase Valued poetry32
6714545547ConfucianismConfucius was the leader, way of life Values: education, respect, hard work, hierarchy33
6714548929FeudalismSocial System in Europe during the middle ages Monarchies were popular34
6714550427MesoamericaMexico and Central America Indigenous cultures35
6714551742Mayan Empire1800 CE to 250 AD Agriculture, pottery, hieroglyph writing, calendar making and mathematics36
6714551743Inca Empire1400 CE to 1533 CE Agriculture and roadway systems, centralized religion and language37
6714553649Aztec Empire1345 CE to 1521 CE Nomadic tribe Social, political, religious and commercial organization38
6714720738Bubonic PlagueSpread through contact with infected fleas, carried on rats Symptoms: Swollen body parts, bloody, contagious39
6726266611Tradethe transfer of goods or services from one person to another in exchange for other goods or services40
6726271534Marketwhere trade occurs41
6726271535Barteringtrade without money42
6726274927Trade routesthe paths people follow commonly to purchase and sell goods43
6726274928Exportsend goods to another country44
6726276901Importbring goods to the country45
6726276902Silk Road206 BCE - 1453 CE; Used by - China, India, Middle East, Europe Traded - Gold, Chinese silk, cloth, gunpowder, religion, precious stones46
6726280488Trans-Saharan Trade700-1600; Sahara (north and south) to reach sub-Saharan Africa from the North African coast, Europe, to the Levant47
6726285971Indian Ocean Trade500 C.E. - 1500 C.E; East-West Trading;48
6737137267ImperialismTake over their land with military forces49
6737137268ColonialismMove into an area and take their resources50
6738081109Ottoman EmpireAt it's largest during the 16th-17th century; Spanned across 3 continents (Asia, Europe, Africa); Controlled all of the trade going through this region; Converted many to Islam; Capital City: Constantinople51
6744131588Sultan Mehmet IILeader 1451-1481 Rule in Turkey - Ottoman Empire52
6738091602RenaissanceA time of rebirth of culture in Europe53
673808830812th Century Renaissance"Medieval Renaissance" 1100-1200; High Middle Ages Religious - Churches, Cathedrals, and schools built for students; "Beauty brought people closer to God"54
673808830915th Century Renaissance"Italian Renaissance" 1400-1500; Art, architecture, literature, music, philosophy and other arts; God and religion was not the focus of art55
6744214288HumanismArt and focus on realistic forms and nature56
6738104821Medici FamilyLast Medici ruler died in 1737 Florence, Italy Power through banking and commerce57
6743833628Roman Catholic ChurchLargest Christian Church; Powerful58
6738140814Age of Exploration15th century - 18th century Start of globalization and Power of European culture59
6743914495NationalismA desire by a large group of people to form a separate and independent nation of their own60
6744197827Reformation16th century Religious movement , reform Roman Catholic Church61
6744451466Spanish ConquestColonial expansion were trade and the spread of the Catholic faith to the indigenous62
6744453120Atlantic Slave Trade15th century - 19th century Middle passages Slaves sold in trade63
6744454511Columbian Exchange15th - 16th century Transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, technology, and ideas64
6803304374WWl1914-1918 Allies: Great Britain, France, Russia Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy65
6803310021M.A.I.N. Causes of WWlMilitarism: The policy of building up or creating a large military. (Have a better military) Alliances: An agreement between two or more countries to help each other out and defend each other. Imperialism: A country attempts to extend its power and influence over other countries, through diplomacy or military force. Nationalism: Pride in one's country66
6803362044Treaty of VersaillesGermany renounces what they have, demilitarize, and pay reparations as well as take the blame.67
68033645181920's Great DepressionIn debt because of war, loss of jobs, economic depression68
6803364519WW2Ends in 1945, Hitler invades Poland in the start69
6803458350BlitzbergLightning war which uses fast moving planes and tanks followed by infantry to take the enemy by surprise70
6803364658HolocaustGenocide, 1933-1938 under Hitler's power, Minorities targeted71
6803428986GenocideThe intentional killing of a large group of people72
6803369393Rise of communismRussia spreads communism73
6803791312Modern WarThe use of technology and new strategies pushes conflict further74
6816954529Marshall Plan"European Recovery Program" Plan to channel $13 billion to help Europe recover from WW1. Planned by U.S. Secretary of state, George Marshall, 194775
6816954530USSRNow Russia, wants to spread communism. Defeated Germany in WW1 causing them to surrender.76
6816956535Yalta Conference1945: A decision was made to split the German empire into 4 sections after WW1. Germany would then belong to the U.S., Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union77
6816956536Truman DoctrineU.S. president, Harry Truman, 1947, promises to provide political and military help to all democratic and capitalist nations to fight off communism78
6816958091CommunismMost equal, get what you need from the government. Control by government, focus on ownership.79
6816958092SocialismGovernment has control over manufacturing, focus on economy80
6816959948CapitalismPeople become wealthy on their own accords. People control their own wealth81
6816959949Warsaw PactNATO and Warsaw Pact compete for members and weapons. Rivalry between communist and capitalists.82
6816959950NATO TreatyNorth Atlantic Alliance founded in the aftermath of WW2. Treaty signed in Washington in 1949. Commits Allies to democracy, individual liberty and the rule of law, and peaceful resolution to disputes.83
6816962526Iron CurtainThe divide to stop communism. British prime minister, Winston Churchill, 1946, wanted to established a strong alliance with the U.S.84
6816962527Cold War1947 - 1991 . Causes: American fear of communism, USSR fear of America's atomic bomb and capitalism.85
6816964974Cuban Missile Crisis1959 - Cuba becomes communist under Fidel Castro. In October of 1962, USSR had established nuclear-armed missiles in Cuba, United States perceived this as a threat. People in fear of nuclear war.86
6816964975Vietnam War1955 - 1975 Northern (Led by Viet Cong) vs. Southern Vietnam (Led by U.S.) U.S. invested to stop communism.87
6816977075Viet CongCommunist, Lead Northern Vietnam88

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