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| 7679324604 | four bone membrane types | cutaneous, mucous, serosa, synovial | 0 | |
| 7679324605 | gastrointestinal | process by which 3 germ layers are formed | 1 | |
| 7679324606 | ectoderm gives rise to | integumentary and nervous system | 2 | |
| 7679324607 | mesoderm gives rise to | Middle layer, gives rise to muscles, bones, kidneys, gonads, blood and vascular and major organs | 3 | |
| 7679324608 | endoderm gives rise to | inner layers, epithelium of the GI tract | 4 | |
| 7679324609 | ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm are formed from | epiblast | 5 | |
| 7679324610 | zygote-morula-blastocyte-embreonic disk | 6 | ||
| 7679324611 | 6 principal functions of the integumentary system | protection, water barrier, vitamin D synthesis, sensation, thermoregulation, nonverbal communication | 7 | |
| 7679324612 | two skin layers | epidermidis- superficial dermis-deep | 8 | |
| 7679324613 | water barrier (integ function) | tight junctions, regulated water loss | 9 | |
| 7679324614 | Vitamin D Synthesis (integ function) | light absorbtion critical for initial steps, tactile cells | 10 | |
| 7679324615 | sensation (integ function) | largest sensory organ, tactile merkle cells | 11 | |
| 7679324616 | Thermoregulation (integ function) | blood flow, sense body surface temp | 12 | |
| 7679324617 | cutaneous vasoconstriction | when cold funnles warm blood to the core | 13 | |
| 7679324618 | Cutaneous Vasodilation | when warm blood flushes the skin to lose hear to the environment | 14 | |
| 7679324619 | 5types of epidermidis (stratified sqaumous epithelium) | keratinocytes, stem cells, melanocytes, tactile (Merkel) cells, dendritic cells | 15 | |
| 7679324620 | keratinocytes (epi cell type) | majority of epidermal cells, durable cells, migrate superficially and die, new cells are made by stem cells | 16 | |
| 7679324621 | Stem cells are (epi cell type) | undifferentiated cells, produce new keratinocytes | 17 | |
| 7679324622 | Melanocytes (epi cell type) | synthesize melanin, pigment to our skin | 18 | |
| 7679324623 | tactile cells (epi cell type) | snakes population of cells, Sensory touch receptors | 19 | |
| 7679324624 | dendritic cells (epi cell type) | immune cells that infiltrate and reside within the epidermidis. found in high risk ep, vagina, nose. | 20 | |
| 7679324625 | 5 epidermal cell layers | stratum corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale | 21 | |
| 7679324626 | stratum corneum epi | 1 Superficial layer of 30 layers of deal cells keratinoxied, form forms durable derable surface | 22 | |
| 7679324627 | stratum lucidum epi | 2 deep to corneum, thinnest layer | 23 | |
| 7679324628 | stratum granulosum epi | 3deep to lucidum, 3-5 layers keratinocytes, more in thick skin | 24 | |
| 7679324629 | stratum spinosum epi | 4 deep to granulosum, thickest layer, flattening keratinocytes, contains dendratic cells | 25 | |
| 7679324630 | stratum basalis epi | 5 deepest later, simple cuboidal low columnar, tactile cells, stem cell and generates new keratinocytes for the skin | 26 | |
| 7679324631 | dermal papillae | Upward projections into epidermis, finger like projections, prevents slippage | 27 | |
| 7679324632 | dermis 2 layers | papillary, reticular | 28 | |
| 7679324633 | papillary layer of dermis | thin, areolar, allows for mobility of immune cells | 29 | |
| 7679324634 | reticular later of dermis | think, dense irregular connective tissue | 30 | |
| 7679324635 | Hypodermis | not skin, attached skin to underlying tissue, characterized by areolar and adipose | 31 | |
| 7679324636 | 5 major types of integumentary cutaneous glands | sudoriferous (sweat), apocrine, merocrine, sebaceous, ceruminois, mammary | 32 | |
| 7679324637 | apocrine glands | sent glands, think milk secretions, open into hair follicle, large lumens compared to merocrine glands | 33 | |
| 7679324638 | merocrine glands | watery salty secretions, directly into skin, tiny lumens | 34 | |
| 7679324639 | Sebaceous glands | oily secretions called sebum, into forces to retain moisture | 35 | |
| 7679324640 | cerumimous glands | earwax | 36 | |
| 7679324641 | mammary glands | modified apocrine gland producing milk | 37 | |
| 7679324642 | hair functions | sensations, insulation, visable distinction, sexuality, gaurd hairs (vibrissae), nonverbal communication | 38 | |
| 7679324643 | Cutaneous membrane | the skin, is the largest body membrane | 39 | |
| 7679324644 | 2types of cutaneous membrane | mucosa, serosa | 40 | |
| 7679324645 | mucosa membrane | 3 layers, lines passages that open to the exterior environment, goblet cells secrete mucous, absorbtion, secretion, and protection | 41 | |
| 7679324646 | serous membrane | 2 layers, lines the body cavities and covers organs, produces watery serous fluid, functions to prevent drying out of organs and lubricates | 42 | |
| 7679324647 | ectoderm gives rise to | skin and nerves | 43 | |
| 7679324648 | Gastrulation | formation of the gut, glives rise to 3germ layers, makes up epiblast | 44 | |
| 7679324649 | Mesoderm gives rise to | muscles and bones, almost everything | 45 | |
| 7679324650 | 6 principle functions of bone | support, protection, movement, electrolyte balance, acid base balance, blood formation | 46 | |
| 7679324651 | electrolyte balance in Bone | storage site for calcium and phosphate | 47 | |
| 7679324652 | acid balance base for bone | boogers blood by absorbing and releasing alkaline phosphate and carbonates | 48 | |
| 7679324653 | 4 shapes of Bones | long-femoral flat-skull short-carpals irregular-vertebral | 49 | |
| 7679324657 | 2types of bone tissue | compact-dense spongy-porous | 50 | |
| 7679324658 | 2 methods of development for bones | intramenbranous-skull, portion of clavical endochondral-all other bones | 51 | |
| 7679324659 | 4 types of bone cell | osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts | 52 | |
| 7679324660 | Osteogenic cells | Stem cells in periosteum and endosteum that give rise to osteoblasts | 53 | |
| 7679324661 | Osteoblasts | bone forming cells, non mitotic, makes stuff | 54 | |
| 7679324662 | Osteocytes | former osteoblasts that have become trapped in the matrix they deposited, pick up nutrients and get rid of waste, resorption deposition, and strain sensing | 55 | |
| 7679324663 | Osteoclasts | Bone-destroying cells, the replenishers. makes blood | 56 | |
| 7679324664 | bone minerals? | calcium, phosphate, carbonate | 57 | |
| 7679324665 | compact bone components | osteon(whole), central canal(middle), concentric lamellar(tree rings), !both inside! lacunae(spots), canaliculi(lines) | 58 | |
| 7679324666 | spongy bone components | spiculels (rods, dead ends), trabeculae (thin plates, bridging lattice ends), bone marrow (fills spaces of lattice network) | 59 | |
| 7679324667 | step 1 Mesenchyme (intermemberous ossification) | condense into membrane, differentiate into osteoblasts, new secret osteoid tissue (prebone) | 60 | |
| 7679324668 | step 2 minerlization (intermemberous ossification) | crystilization, osteoid tissue hardens, squeezed into narrower spaces, osteoblasts trapped and become osteocytes. | 61 | |
| 7679324669 | step3 periosteum forms (intermemberous ossification) | compact bone forms | 62 | |
| 7679324670 | step 4 osteoblasts at the periosteum (intermemberous ossification) | thickens new zone of compact bone, how you get sandwich like appearance | 63 | |
| 7679324671 | endochondral ossification | bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage | 64 | |
| 7679324672 | Bone growth in length occurs by mitosis of | interstital, happens within! cartilage cells in the epiphyseal side of the metaphysis. continued mitotic growth of chondryocytes, death and replacement by bone tissue | 65 | |
| 7679324673 | bone growth in diametet | appositional, happens on the surface, new intramemberous ossification | 66 | |
| 7679324674 | functions of calcium in blood 4 specific 2 general | neuron signaling, muscle contractions, blood clots, exocytosis, 2&3rd messanger in cell signaling, enzymatic cofactor | 67 | |
| 7679324675 | functions of phosphate in the blood | dna backbone, rna nucleotides, atp, blood buffering | 68 | |
| 7679324676 | mineralization | crystilization of electrolyte in Bone for storage | 69 | |
| 7679324677 | resorption | dissolving bone to release stored electrolyte | 70 | |
| 7679324678 | mineralization 1&2 | 1 osteoblasts lay down collagen fibers 2 calcuim and phosphate, high concentration from hydroxyapatite crystals along the college fibers | 71 | |
| 7679324679 | resorption 1&2 | 1 osteocladts, high concentrate of H+ into the matrix Cl follows 2 hydrochloric acid HCL pH to 4 session hydroxyapatite | 72 | |
| 7679324680 | 73 |
