Study guide for AP World Test
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| 8484062032 | Muhammed | Born in Mecca, married Kadija, "called" to be prophet of Allah, preached in Mecca, converted most of people on Arabian coast | 0 | |
| 8484062033 | Quran (Koran) | Islam's Religious text | 1 | |
| 8484062034 | Shariah | Islamic moral codes | 2 | |
| 8484062035 | 5 Pillars of Islam | Faith, prayer, alms, fasting, pilgrimage (Haj) | 3 | |
| 8484062036 | 622 AD | Muhammed flees from Mecca to Medina with his followers | 4 | |
| 8484062037 | 1st Caliph | Abu Bakr - jihad - "Holy War" | 5 | |
| 8484062038 | Abu Bakr | Formed first Caliph after death of Muhammed, confirmed Muhammed's practices | 6 | |
| 8484062039 | Creation of New Empire After Muhammed | Fought Sassanids and Byzantines - defeated Sassanids, conquered ALL of Persia, super tolerant | 7 | |
| 8484062040 | Ummayyads | In Spain, stayed there until 1492, took over barbarians with visigoths | 8 | |
| 8484062041 | Visigoths | Germanic tribe who settled primarily in Spain | 9 | |
| 8484062042 | Abbasids | A dynasty that ruled much of the Muslim Empire- took over Umayyads - MUSLIMS GOLDEN AGE, intermarried with Umayyads, capital at Baghdad, lots of TRADE, AGE OF LEARNING (Astronomy, translating Greek texts), economic prosperity - trade all over world, Caliphs more regal and wealthy | 10 | |
| 8484062043 | Seljuk Turks | Hired mercenaries, took over Baghdad, STARTED CRUSADES with Mongols- Mongols won | 11 | |
| 8484062044 | Andalusia | SPAIN; built Mosques, schools, courts, etc, wealthy, lot of trade, all educated, super tolerant | 12 | |
| 8484062045 | Moor | Muslim in Spain | 13 | |
| 8484062046 | 756 AD | Muslims conquered Visigoths - settled | 14 | |
| 8484062047 | 1492 AD | Isabella and Ferdinand conquer Spain | 15 | |
| 8484062048 | Islamic Civilization | Control through Quran, 1st Caliphate= Muhammad's followers- Umma, trade ALL over, gold and slaves from Africa, silk and porcelain from China | 16 | |
| 8484062049 | Islamic Society and Culture | Slavery, women could own/inherit land, polygamy, ASTROLABE, ARCHITECTURE - Alhambra, Dome of Rock | 17 | |
| 8484062050 | Battle of Milvian Bridge | Vision from God - cross on shield to win | 18 | |
| 8484062051 | Constantine | Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith on deathbed, builds wall, Battle of Milvian | 19 | |
| 8484062052 | Justinian | Falls in love with Theodora (prostitute, actress), both crowned at same time (big deal- gender diff), reconquers City of Rome | 20 | |
| 8484062053 | Justinian's Code | Law code published by the Byzantine emperor Justinian - even used as modern law in Europe today | 21 | |
| 8484062054 | Hagia Sophia | New church constructed in Constantinople during reign of Justinian - Biggest church in world | 22 | |
| 8484062055 | Justinian's Plague | Deadly disease that affected the Byzantine empire - Justinian almost died of it | 23 | |
| 8484062056 | 1453 AD | Byzantine Empire falls due to Justinian's Plague | 24 | |
| 8484062057 | Clovis | 1st King of France - 1st Catholic Germanic Ruler | 25 | |
| 8484062058 | Charles Martel and Pepin the Short | Wanted Muslims out of France - Christian and Catholic | 26 | |
| 8484062059 | Vikings | Plundered, killed monks, good on sea - couldn't be stopped | 27 | |
| 8484062060 | Fiefs | Land given in exchange for protection after fighting | 28 | |
| 8484062061 | Pope | Roman Catholic leader- Masses in Latin | 29 | |
| 8484062062 | Sui Dynasty | Daoism, Emperors, Father/ Son Dynasty, built Grand Canal, extensive trade | 30 | |
| 8484062063 | Tang Dynasty | EXPANSION, built road across China, lots of taxation, tributary system, Confucianism, arts and philosophy- founded by Li Yuan | 31 | |
| 8484062064 | Song Dynasty | Invention Dynasty, Civil Service Exam, Confucianism, gun powder/steel, reallocated China's capital, weak political system, widespread trade | 32 | |
| 8484062065 | China's Economy | Invent paper money, trade Inventions, SILK ROAD | 33 | |
| 8484062066 | Genghis Khan | Temujin, married Borte, united nomadic tribes, MONGOL LEADER, very strong | 34 | |
| 8484062067 | Mongols | TRY to conquer Japan, religious toleration, trade = good, slaughtered thousands | 35 | |
| 8484062068 | Marco Polo | Wrote "Travels", from Venice and wrote about Mongols | 36 | |
| 8484062069 | Ming Dynasty | POWERHOUSE, expanded into Mongolia, tributary system, Emperor Yongle, Great Wall= stronger, Confucian institutions | 37 | |
| 8484062070 | ZhengHe | Led all of the voyages along the Indian Ocean- 28,000 sailors on Junks, EXPLORED a ton, LEARNED a ton, brought new things back to China, Yongle dies - no more voyages - economic crash | 38 | |
| 8484062071 | "New Confucianism" | Starts under Tang - big in Song, had Yin-Yang principles | 39 | |
| 8484062072 | Apogee of Chinese Culture | Literature, paper - clothes, armor, toilet paper, arts, sports, PORCELAIN | 40 | |
| 8484062073 | Japan | Not very good agriculture, homogeneity, FEUDAL PYRAMID | 41 | |
| 8484062074 | Bushido | Japanese code of chivalry | 42 | |
| 8484062075 | Nubian Kingdoms | Depend on Nile, copy Egyptians, turns into KUSH, declines due to lack of trade, conquered by Ethiopia | 43 | |
| 8484062076 | Aksum Empire | Part of Ethiopia, CHRISTIAN, first written African religion, MUSLIMS COME | 44 | |
| 8484062077 | Ethiopia | CHRISTIANS, descendants of King Solomon, kick out Jews | 45 | |
| 8484062078 | Ghana | GOLD, camel caravans, trade salt, taxes, trade | 46 | |
| 8484062079 | Mansa Musa | RICH, expands, MUSLIM, ruled over 40 million people, goes to Mecca, built schools, hospitals, drops money - caused inflation and economic crash Mansa Musa Muslim Mecca | 47 | |
| 8484062080 | Delhi Sultanate | Took over India, Muslims in India - Muslims and Hindus DON'T get along | 48 | |
| 8484062081 | Monsoon Mariners | Target Swahili Coast, Dhows | 49 | |
| 8484062082 | Africa, Arabia, India, Southeast Asia | Connected by Indian Ocean Trade - lots of money, lots of trade | 50 | |
| 8484062083 | Armenia | One of the earliest Christian Kingdoms - in East Anatolia | 51 | |
| 8484062084 | Sassanid Empire | Iranian Empire - Zoroastrianism, military power, sugar cane, rice, egg plant, persecuted Christians, Jews, and Buddhists- overthrew Parthians - rivals with Rome | 52 | |
| 8484062085 | Manichaeism | New religion in Mesopotamia - widely spread | 53 | |
| 8484062086 | Mecca | City in West Arabia, birthplace of Muhammed, ritual center of Islamic Religion | 54 | |
| 8484062087 | Umma | Community of Muslims | 55 | |
| 8484062088 | Shi'ites | Muslims- state religion of Iran | 56 | |
| 8484062089 | Sunnis | People who supported 3 caliphs | 57 | |
| 8484062090 | Mamluks | Turkic military slaves | 58 | |
| 8484062091 | Ulama | Muslim religious scholars - interpreters of Islamic Law | 59 | |
| 8484062092 | Hadith | Traditions relating to Muhammed - important to Islamic law | 60 | |
| 8484062093 | Byzantine Empire | Established Christianity as official religion, Imperial Rule, Constantinople | 61 | |
| 8484062094 | Schism | Formal split within a religious community | 62 | |
| 8484062095 | Serfs | Agricultural laborer- legally bound to lord's property- had to perform duties | 63 | |
| 8484062096 | Vassal | Person who had to be committed to performing specific military service | 64 | |
| 8484062097 | Papacy | Central admission of Roman Catholic Church - pope = head of church | 65 | |
| 8484062098 | Holy Roman Empire | Loose federation of mostly German states, headed by Emperor | 66 | |
| 8484062099 | Investiture Controversy | Dispute between Pope and secular rulers over appointment of bishops | 67 | |
| 8484062100 | Monasticism | The practice of living the life of a monk - secluded | 68 | |
| 8484062101 | Horse Collar | Harnessing technique, increased efficiency of horses - in Kievan Russia | 69 | |
| 8484062102 | Crusades | Armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land by Christians determined to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule. | 70 | |
| 8484062103 | Pilgrimage | Journey to sacred shrine by Christians - showing piety, to fulfill vows. Muslims to Mecca | 71 | |
| 8484062104 | Grand Canal | Waterway linking the yellow and Yangzhou rivers. Han Period - Sui Empire - IRRIGATION | 72 | |
| 8484062105 | Li Shimin | Founder of Tang Empire, 2nd Emperor, led expansion of the empire into Central Asia | 73 | |
| 8484062106 | Junk | Sailing ship produced by Tang, Song, and Ming Empires | 74 | |
| 8484062107 | Gunpowder | Brought into China - thought to keep away insects/evil spirits, explosives/ bullets, etc. | 75 | |
| 8484062108 | Zho Xi | Most important Neoconfucian thinker | 76 | |
| 8484062109 | Zen | Japanese - disciplined meditation | 77 | |
| 8484062110 | Shamanism | "Interact" with spirits for the benefit of the community | 78 | |
| 8484062111 | Koryo | Korean kingdom founded in 918 and destroyed by a Mongol invasion in 1259. | 79 | |
| 8484062112 | Kamakura Shogunate | 1st of Japan's decentralized military governments | 80 | |
| 8484062113 | Golden Horde | Mongol Khanate founded by Genghis Khan's grandson, Batu. In South Russia | 81 | |
| 8484062114 | Nasir al - Din Tusi | Persian mathematician/cosmologist | 82 | |
| 8484062115 | Ottoman Empire | Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia. | 83 | |
| 8484062116 | Kublai Khan | Last of Mongol Great Khans- founded of Yuan Empire | 84 | |
| 8484062117 | Lama | Tibetan Buddhist teacher | 85 | |
| 8484062118 | Beijing | China's first Imperial capital | 86 | |
| 8484062119 | Mali | Empire created by indigenous Muslims- famous for gold trade | 87 | |
| 8484062120 | Gujarat | Region of western India famous for trade and manufacturing. | 88 | |
| 8484062121 | Dhows | Cargo and passenger ships of Arabian Sea | 89 | |
| 8484062122 | Swahili Coast | On African Shores, good for trade- ivory, wood, gold | 90 | |
| 8484062123 | Great Zimbabwe | Trading center in Southeast Africa and large state | 91 | |
| 8484062124 | Aden | Port city in the modern south Arabian country of Yemen | 92 | |
| 8484062125 | Malacca | Port city for Malaysia- trading center | 93 | |
| 8484062126 | Urdu | Persian-influenced literary form of Hindi written in Arabic characters | 94 | |
| 8484062127 | Timbuktu | City on Niger River in Mali. Became trans Saharan trade center of Islamic Learning- over 150 schools teaching Quran | 95 | |
| 8484062128 | King Richard | Part of the 3rd Crusade | 96 | |
| 8484062129 | 3rd Crusade | Fight between Richard the Lion-Hearted and Saladin- wanted to reconquer Holy Land | 97 | |
| 8484062130 | Magna Carta | A document that promised barons certain rights- important even today | 98 | |
| 8484062131 | Eleanor of Aquitane | Duchess at 15 years old, married many times, ACCOMPANIED HUSBAND ON 2ND CRUSADE, active in ruling empire | 99 | |
| 8484062132 | Imam | Islamic religious leader | 100 | |
| 8484062133 | Dome of the Rock | Islamic site in Jerusalem, commemorates Muhammad's flight to heaven | 101 | |
| 8484062134 | Umayyad Caliphate | 1st Islamic caliphate | 102 | |
| 8484062135 | Ibn Sina | Muslim scientist during Abassid Caliphate | 103 | |
| 8484062136 | Charlemagne | Holy Roman emperor - empire fell after his death | 104 | |
| 8484062137 | Feudalism | Medieval social structure - kings, nobles, knights, serfs | 105 | |
| 8484062138 | Civil Service Exam | Based on Confucianism - determines government position, began in Song Dynasty | 106 | |
| 8484062139 | Emperor Yongle | Authorized the exploration of ZhengHe | 107 | |
| 8484062140 | Footbinding | Began in Song Dynasty- used on girls at a young age through adulthood | 108 | |
| 8484062141 | Samurai | Japanese warriors | 109 | |
| 8484062142 | Tamerlane | Muslim descendent of Mongols, founded Timurid Dynasty in Persia | 110 |
