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| 9851756772 | Paleolithic Age | The Old Stone Age ending in 12,000 BCE; typified by use of crude stone tools and hunting and gathering for subsistence | 0 | |
| 9851756773 | Homo sapiens sapiens | The humanoid species that emerged as most successful at the end of the Paleolithic period. | 1 | |
| 9851756774 | Neolithic Age | The New Stone age between 8000 and 5000 BCE; period in which adaptation of sedentary agriculture occurred; domesticstion of plants and animals accomplished | 2 | |
| 9851756775 | Neolithic Revolution | The succession of technological innovation and changes that led to the development of agriculture. | 3 | |
| 9851756776 | hunting and gathering | The original human economy, ultimately eclipsed by agriculture; groups hunt for meat and forage for grains, nuts, and berries | 4 | |
| 9851756777 | Çatal Hüyük | Early urban culture based on sedentary agriculture; located in modern southern Turkey; larger in population that Jericho, had greater degree of social stratification | 5 | |
| 9851756778 | Bronze Age | From about 4000 BCE, when bronze tools were first introduced in the Middle East, to about 1500 BCE, when iron began to replace it | 6 | |
| 9851756779 | Nomads | Cattle and sheep herding societies normally found on the fringes of civilized societies | 7 | |
| 9851756780 | Civilization | societies distinguished by reliance on sedentary agriculture, ability to produce food surpluses, and existence of nonfarming elites, as well as merchant and manufaturing groups | 8 | |
| 9851756781 | Mesopotamia | Literally means "land between the rivers" (Iraq today) where the first civilization develops | 9 | |
| 9851756782 | Sumerians | People who migrated into Mesopotamia in about 4000 BCE by organizing region into city-states. | 10 | |
| 9851756783 | Cuneiform | A form of writing developed by the Sumerians using a wedge shaped stylus and clay tablets. | 11 | |
| 9851756784 | Ziggurats | Massive towers usually associated with Mesopotamian temple complexes. | 12 | |
| 9851756785 | City-state | A form of political organization typical of Mesopotamian civilizations; consisted of agricultural hinterlands ruled by an urban-based king | 13 | |
| 9851756786 | Babylonians | Unified all of Mesopotamia c. 1800 B.C.E.; empire collapsed due to foreign invasion c. 1600 B.C.E. | 14 | |
| 9851756787 | Hammurabi | the most important Babylonian ruler; responsible for codification of the law. | 15 | |
| 9851756788 | Pharaoh | Title of the rulers of ancient Egypt | 16 | |
| 9851756789 | Pyramids | monumental architecture typical of Old Kingdom Egypt; used as burial sites for pharaohs. | 17 | |
| 9851756790 | Kush | An African state that developed along the upper reaches of Nile around 1000 BCE.; conquered Egypt and ruled it for several centuries | 18 | |
| 9851756791 | Indus River | River Sources in Himalayas to mouth in Arabian Sea; location of Harappan civilization | 19 | |
| 9851756792 | Harappa | along with Mohenjo-Daro, one of the two largest cities of the Indus river civilization; laid out planned grid pattern | 20 | |
| 9851756793 | Aryans | Indo-European nomadic pastoralists who replaced Harappan civilization; militarized society | 21 | |
| 9851756794 | Vedas | Aryan hymns originally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century BCE | 22 | |
| 9851756795 | Mahabharata | Indian epic of war, princely honor, love, and social duty; written down in the last centuries BCE; previously handed down in oral form | 23 | |
| 9851756796 | Ramayana | One of the great epic tales from classical India; traces adventures of King Rama and his wife, Sita | 24 | |
| 9851756797 | Upanishads | later books of the Vedas; combined sophisticated and sublime philosophical ideas.; utilized by Brahmans to restore religious authority | 25 | |
| 9851756798 | Yellow River | Also known as the Huanghe; site of development of sedentary agriculture in China. | 26 | |
| 9851756799 | Ideographs | Pictographic characters grouped together to create new concepts; typical of Chinese writing | 27 | |
| 9851756800 | Shang | first Chinese Dynasty to leave written records | 28 | |
| 9851756801 | Olmecs | People of a cultural tradition that arose at San Lorenzo and La Venta in Mexico | 29 | |
| 9851756802 | Chavin de Huantar | Chavin culture appeared in highlands of Andes between 1800 and 1200 BCE; typified by ceremonial centers w/ large stone buildings; greatest ceremonial center | 30 | |
| 9851756803 | Phoenicians | Seafaring civilization in Mediterranean and Aegean Seas | 31 | |
| 9851756804 | Monotheism | The exclusive worship of a single god; introduced by the Jews into Western civilization | 32 |
