Terms : Hide Images
| 9695635970 | endergonic reaction | reaction where energy is stored in chemical bonds |  | 0 |
| 9695635971 | exergonic reaction | reaction where energy is released from chemical bonds |  | 1 |
| 9695635972 | Prokaryotic Cells | Bacteria; no nucleus or organelles |  | 2 |
| 9695635973 | Eukaryotic cells | complex; have organelles |  | 3 |
| 9695635974 | Ribosome | 2 subunits of rRNA; responsible for protein synthesis |  | 4 |
| 9695635975 | Golgi Body | Part of the endomembrane system; cis face receives materials, so that they can be modified and packaged; trans face releases vesicles |  | 5 |
| 9695635976 | Rough ER | aids in protein synthesis by altering the structure of proteins; contains ribosomes |  | 6 |
| 9695635977 | Smooth ER | site of lipid synthesis; involved in detoxification of cells |  | 7 |
| 9695635978 | Vacuoles | storage vesicles found within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells |  | 8 |
| 9695635979 | Central Vacuole | When filled with water it maintains turgor pressure of plant cells; not found in animal cells |  | 9 |
| 9695635980 | Chloroplast | site of photosynthesis; only in plant cells; appear green due to the pigment chlorophyll which reflects green light |  | 10 |
| 9695635981 | mitochondria | found in BOTH plant and animal cells; site of cellular respiration whereby ATP is made |  | 11 |
| 9695635982 | lysosome | a vesicle that contains digestive enzymes to break down cellular food and/or waste |  | 12 |
| 9695635983 | nucleus | home of the genetic information (DNA) | 13 | |
| 9695635984 | nucleolus | site of ribosome synthesis; found in the center of the nucleus |  | 14 |
| 9695635985 | chromatin | the form in which DNA is found within the nucleus during the majority of the cell cycle |  | 15 |
| 9695635986 | nuclear envelope | surrounds the nucleus and contains pores to allow for communication with the rest of the cell, as well as, allowing for ribosomes to exit the nucleolus |  | 16 |
| 9695635987 | animals, plants, fungi, protista | eukaryotic | 17 | |
| 9695635988 | bacteria | prokaryotic | 18 | |
| 9695635989 | bacillus (plural: bacilli) | rod shaped bacteria |  | 19 |
| 9695635990 | coccus (plural: cocci) | round shaped bacteria |  | 20 |
| 9695635991 | spirillum (spirilla) | spiral shaped bacteria |  | 21 |
| 9695635992 | cell membrane | found in ALL cell types surrounding the cytoplasm and maintaining selective permeability | 22 | |
| 9695635993 | cell wall | Found in plant, fungal, bacterial, and some prostist cells; rigid wall for protection and shape; regulates the cell's volume |  | 23 |
| 9695635994 | turgor pressure | exerted onto the cell wall in order to maintain rigid, upright, and erect plant cells and leaves (maximizing photosynthesis) | 24 | |
| 9695635995 | photosynthesis | uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen (which is given off as a byproduct) |  | 25 |
| 9695635996 | cellular respiration | conversion of glucose into ATP, water, and CO2; occurs in the mitochondria |  | 26 |
| 9695635997 | cytoskeleton | composed of protein filaments and microtubules that extend throughout the cytoplasm and allow for cellular movement and structure |  | 27 |
| 9695635998 | centrioles | small structures composed of microtubules that organize the cytoskeleton during cell division |  | 28 |
| 9695635999 | flagella | long whip-like tails that allow for cell movement; found in sperm cells |  | 29 |
| 9695636000 | cilia | short hair-like extensions of the cell membrane that wave back and forth allowing for cell movement; found within cells of the respiratory system |  | 30 |
| 9695636001 | pseudopodia | "false-feet;" extensions of the cytoplasm that move the cell membrane allowing for slow movement of cells; found in amoeba (protists) |  | 31 |
| 9695636002 | catabolic reactions | chemical reaction whereby large molecules are broken down (ex: glycogen converted into many glucose monosaccharides) |  | 32 |
| 9695636003 | anabolic reactions | chemical reaction whereby small molecules come together (as water is removed) to build large molecules (ex: amino acids coming together to create a protein) |  | 33 |
| 9695636004 | Gibbs Free Energy | Available energy to use for chemical reactions | 34 | |
| 9695636005 | enthalpy | the total energy within a system | 35 | |
| 9695636006 | entropy | a measure of the disorder within a system |  | 36 |
| 9695636007 | high entropy | A great amount of disorder; low available energy as it has been released from chemical bonds | 37 | |
| 9695636008 | low entropy | a large amount of stored energy; an anabolic reaction has occurred | 38 | |
| 9695636009 | osmosis | movement of water from high to low concentration through aquaporins | 39 | |
| 9695636010 | diffusion | movement of solutes from high to low concentration across the phospholipid bilayer | 40 | |
| 9695636011 | facilitated diffusion | movement of large and/or polar solutes from high to low concentration through a channel or carrier protein within the cell membrane | 41 | |
| 9695636012 | carrier protein | allow for specific molecules to bind and cross the cell membrane |  | 42 |
| 9695636013 | channel protein | a ligand attaches to its binding site, modifying its shape allowing for the diffusion of molecules across the cell membrane |  | 43 |
| 9695636014 | ligand | chemical signals that begin the process of signal transduction | 44 | |
| 9695636015 | amphipathic | molecules containing a polar and non-polar region; example: phospholipids | 45 | |
| 9695636016 | phospholipid tails | the non-polar region of the cell membrane | 46 | |
| 9695636017 | phospholipid heads | the polar regions of the cell membrane (facing the extracellular and intracellular areas) | 47 | |
| 9695636018 | hydrophilic | polar | 48 | |
| 9695636019 | hydrophobic | nonpolar | 49 | |
| 9695636020 | cytoplasm | gel-like matrix in which organelles are suspended |  | 50 |
| 9695636021 | organelles | contain their own phospholipid bilayers within the cell | 51 | |
| 9695636022 | passive transport | movement of molecules along or with the concentration gradient (high to low) | 52 | |
| 9695636023 | active transport | movement of molecules against the concentration gradient (low to high) | 53 | |
| 9695636024 | endocytosis | a vesicle forms along the cell membrane and pinches off within the cell - allowing for substances to enter | 54 | |
| 9695636025 | phagocytosis | large, solid molecules brought into the cell via cell membrane pockets (called vesicles) |  | 55 |
| 9695636026 | pinocytosis | small, liquid molecules brought into the cell via cell membrane pockets (called vesicles) |  | 56 |
| 9695636027 | receptor-mediated endocytosis | receptors along the surface of the cell membrane allow for the binding of specific molecules, then causing a vesicle to form around them, bringing them into the cell |  | 57 |
| 9695636028 | protein kinase receptors | ligand binding causes a change in shape of the receptor protein, causing its catalytic domain to hydrolyze ATP, and then phosphorylate a target molecule. The target molecule then triggers other molecules within the cell to respond | 58 | |
| 9695636029 | Cell signaling pathway | ligand binding(Reception) - stimulation of receptor(Transduction) - cellular response |  | 59 |
| 9695636030 | Ion channels | allow movement of charged molecules to diffuse across the cell membrane following the binding of a ligand | 60 | |
| 9695636031 | ATP | Adenosine triphosphate | 61 | |
| 9695636032 | isotonic environment | solute concentrations inside and out of the cell are equal | 62 | |
| 9695636033 | hypertonic environment | solute concentration outside of the cell is higher than inside the cell | 63 | |
| 9695636034 | hypotonic environment | solute concentration outside of the cell is lower than inside the cell | 64 | |
| 9695636035 | result of a hypotonic environment | cytolysis (splitting of a cell) | 65 | |
| 9695636036 | result of a hypertonic environment | plasmolysis (release of cytoplasm; cell shrinking) | 66 | |
| 9695636037 | equilibrium | concentrations of water inside and outside of cell are equal | 67 | |
| 9695636038 | effect of a cell being in equilibrium | water flows into and out of the cell in equal amounts | 68 | |
| 9695636039 | peripheral proteins involved in cellular recognition | glycoproteins | 69 | |
| 9695636040 | cholesterol | a lipid that helps to maintain the fluidity of the cell membrane |  | 70 |
| 9695636049 | hypertonic |  | 71 | |
| 9695636050 | hypotonic |  | 72 | |
| 9695636051 | isotonic |  | 73 | |
| 9695636041 | responsible for turgor pressure | hypotonic environment | 74 | |
| 9695636042 | #2 in the picture | gap junctions; tunnels that allow for the transport of molecules between adjacent cells |  | 75 |
| 9695636043 | tight junctions | allow for NO transport of molecules between adjacent cells |  | 76 |
| 9695636044 | #3 in the picture | desmosomes; anchor adjacent cells together in order to create tissue |  | 77 |
| 9695636045 | plasmodesmata | cytoplasmic channels that allow for movement of molecules between adjacent PLANT cells |  | 78 |
| 9695636046 | autocrine signals | signals that only affect the cell from which it was released | 79 | |
| 9695636048 | paracrine signals | affect cells nearby; involved in the inflammatory response (ex. when you cut or smash your finger it gets red, due to increased blood flow to the area) | 80 |
