States and consciousness vocabulary words.
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| 5332735889 | consciousness | our awareness of ourselves and our environment. | 0 | |
| 5332735890 | biological rhythms | periodic physiological fluctuations. | 1 | |
| 5332735891 | circadian rhythm | the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle. | 2 | |
| 5332735892 | pineal gland | small endocrine gland that produces the serotonin derivative melatonin, a hormone that affects the modulation of wake/sleep patterns and seasonal functions. | 3 | |
| 5332735893 | Stage 1 sleep | slow breathing and irregular brain waves. Very brief, may experience fantastic images resembling hallucinations, sensation of falling or floating. | 4 | |
| 5332735894 | Stage 2 sleep | appearance of sleep spindles. Clearly asleep, but still easily awoken; about 20 minutes. | 5 | |
| 5332735895 | sleep spindles | bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain activity. | 6 | |
| 5332735896 | Stage 3 sleep | transitional stage. Brain begins to emit slow delta waves. Hard to be woken. | 7 | |
| 5332735897 | Stage 4 sleep | brain increasingly emits slow delta waves. About 30 minutes, hard to be woken. Children tend to wet the bed or sleepwalk during end. | 8 | |
| 5332735898 | NREM sleep | encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep. | 9 | |
| 5332735899 | REM sleep | a recurring sleep stage during which vivid reams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleeping, because the muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active. | 10 | |
| 5332735900 | alpha waves | relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state. | 11 | |
| 5332735901 | sleep | periodic, natural loss of consciousness -- as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation. | 12 | |
| 5332735902 | hallucinations | false sensory experiences. | 13 | |
| 5332735903 | delta waves | large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep. | 14 | |
| 5332735904 | insomnia | recurring problems in falling or staying asleep. | 15 | |
| 5332735905 | narcolepsy | a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times. | 16 | |
| 5332735906 | sleep apnea | a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings. | 17 | |
| 5332735907 | night terrors | a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, these occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered. | 18 | |
| 5332735908 | dream | a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. These are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it. | 19 | |
| 5332735909 | nightmares | anxiety-arousing dreams that lead to awakening, usually from REM sleep. | 20 | |
| 5332735910 | lucid dreams | dreams in which the dreamer is aware that he or she is dreaming. | 21 | |
| 5332735911 | manifest content | according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content). | 22 | |
| 5332735912 | latent content | according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content). | 23 | |
| 5332735913 | Activation-synthesis Theory | the theory that dreams result from the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural signals that fire during sleep. | 24 | |
| 5332735914 | REM rebound | the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep). | 25 | |
| 5332735915 | hypnosis | a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors, will spontaneously occur. | 26 | |
| 5332735916 | posthypnotic amnesia | supposed inability to recall what one experienced during hypnosis; induced by the hypnotist's suggestion. | 27 | |
| 5332735917 | posthypnotic suggestion | a suggestion made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors. | 28 | |
| 5332735918 | dissociation | a split consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others. | 29 | |
| 5332735919 | hidden observer | Hilgard's term describing a hypnotized subjects awareness of experiences, such as pain, that go unreported during hypnosis. | 30 | |
| 5332735920 | psychoactive drug | a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood | 31 | |
| 5332735921 | tolerance | the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect. | 32 | |
| 5332735922 | withdrawal | the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug. | 33 | |
| 5332735923 | physical dependence | a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued. | 34 | |
| 5332735924 | psychological dependence | a psychological need to use a drug such as to relieve negate emotions. | 35 | |
| 5332735925 | depressants | drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions. | 36 | |
| 5332735926 | stimulants | drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions. | 37 | |
| 5332735927 | hallucinogens | psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input. | 38 | |
| 5332735928 | barbiturates | drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement. | 39 | |
| 5332735929 | opiates | opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety. | 40 | |
| 5332735930 | amphetamines | drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing sped-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes. | 41 | |
| 5332735931 | ecstasy (MDMA) | a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition. | 42 | |
| 5332735932 | LSD | a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide). | 43 | |
| 5332735933 | THC | the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations. | 44 | |
| 5332735934 | near-death experience | an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations. | 45 | |
| 5332735935 | dualism | the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact. | 46 | |
| 5332735936 | monism | the presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing. | 47 | |
| 5332735937 | circadian rhythms | Internally generated patterns of body functions, including hormonal signals, sleep, blood pressure, and temperature regulation, which have approximately a 24-hour cycle and occur even in the absence of normal cues about whether it is day or night | 48 | |
| 5332735938 | Disruptions to Circadian Rhythm | 1. jet lag 2. night shifts | 49 | |
| 5332735939 | Evolutionary Sleep/Dream Theory | we evolved it as part of natural selection to maximize survival. (restorative) | 50 | |
| 5332735940 | Restorative Dream Theories | 1. protein synthesis 2. maintain plasticity (memory) | 51 | |
| 5332735941 | Stage 1 Sleep | quick sleep stage with gradual loss of responsiveness to outside, drifting thoughts, and images (the hypnagogic state). EEGs show theta waves. | 52 | |
| 5332735942 | Stage 2 Sleep | A sleep deeper than that of stage 1, characterized by a slower, more regular wave pattern, along with momentary interruptions of "sleep spindles". Around 50% of sleep is Stage 2. | 53 | |
| 5332735943 | Stage 3 Sleep | usually about 30 minutes; is transitional and leads to the fourth stage; brains starts to emit some delta waves | 54 | |
| 5332735944 | Stage 4 Sleep | The deepest stage of NREM sleep, characterized by an EEG pattern of more than 50% delta waves. | 55 | |
| 5332735945 | REM Sleep | rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active. | 56 | |
| 5332735946 | lucid dreaming | controlling dreams | 57 | |
| 5332735947 | activation-synthesis theory | the theory by Robert McCarley and J. Alan Hobson that dreams result from the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural signals that fire during sleep | 58 | |
| 5332735948 | Cognitive Reason for Dreams | dreams are the interplay of the physiological triggering of brain waves and the psychological functioning of the imagination--in other words, when we're cut off from thinking about world, we think about memories | 59 | |
| 5332735949 | Psychoanalytic Reason for Dreams | dreams are the expression of the unconscious--manifest content hides the latent content | 60 | |
| 5332735950 | narcolepsy | a condition in which an awake person suddenly and uncontrollably falls into REM sleep | 61 | |
| 5332735951 | sleep apnea | when someone temporarily stops breathing during sleep--awaken the sufferer repeatedly throughout the night. cause=obstruction/collapse of air passages (obesity) cures=weight loss and sleeping on the side | 62 | |
| 5332735952 | night terrors | childhood (often) sleep disrptions from Stage 4 sleep--bloodcurling scream and intense fear | 63 | |
| 5332735953 | sleepwalking | aka somnambulism; (most frequently) a childhood sleep disruption, including trips from bed/complex activity. don't usually remember in morning. | 64 | |
| 5332735954 | hypnosis | an altered state of consciousness resulting from a narrowed focus of attention and characterized by heightened suggestibility and deep relaxation | 65 | |
| 5332735955 | dissociation theory | hypnosis=individual experiencing two or more streams of consciousness that are cut off from one another. one consciousness responds to suggestions, while the other, the "hidden observer," monitors behavior. | 66 | |
| 5332735956 | Ernest Hilgard | psychologist associated with dissociation theory | 67 | |
| 5332735957 | "hidden observer" | one of the consciousnesses of dissociation theory--monitors behavior | 68 | |
| 5332735958 | post-hypnotic amnesia | forgetting events of hypnosis by suggestion | 69 | |
| 5332735959 | meditation | a set of techniques used to focus concentration away from thoughts and feelings in order to create calmness, inner peace, and tranquility. | 70 | |
| 5332735960 | types of waves during meditation | alpha waves--like the relaxed wakefulness before sleep | 71 | |
| 5332735961 | physiological changes of meditation | 1. slowed heart rate 2. slowed breathing 3. lower blood pressure 4. warm hands--indicate activation of parasympathetic nervous system | 72 | |
| 5332735962 | psychoactive drugs | Chemicals that pass through the blood-brain barrier into the brain to affect the nervous system and alter perception | 73 | |
| 5332735963 | blood-brain barrier | what the psychoactive drug must pass through to enter the brain. It is made up of blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out | 74 | |
| 5332735964 | physiological dependence | aka addiction; when someone feels an intense desire to experience the drug even with the adverse effects | 75 | |
| 5332735965 | tolerance | decreased responsivity to a drug | 76 | |
| 5332735966 | Types of Psychoactive Drugs: | 1. depressants 2. narcotics 3. stimulants 4. hallucenogens | 77 | |
| 5332735967 | depressants | reduce CNS's activity to relax; include: sedatives barbiturates tranquilizers alcohol | 78 | |
| 5332735968 | sedatives | depressants taken to induce sleep and prevent siezures | 79 | |
| 5332735969 | barbiturates | depressants that include Seconal/secobarbital and Luminal/phenobarbital | 80 | |
| 5332735970 | tranquilizers | depressants that include benzodiazepines such as Valium, Xanax, Rohypnol ("roofies"/date rape), and quaaludes. Effects: 1. relieve anxiety 2. induce sleep 3. prevent seizures | 81 | |
| 5332735971 | alcohol | most commonly used depressant. | 82 | |
| 5332735972 | how alcohol works | increases transmission of GABA, decreases transmission of acetylcholine (excitatory neurotransmitter) | 83 | |
| 5332735973 | where alcohol works (in brain) | acts at reticular formation, spinal cord, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and many neurotransmitter systems | 84 | |
| 5332735974 | effects of alcohol | low dose=relaxation, less tension, lower inhibitions, less concetration, slower reflexes and reaction time, and poorer coordination. medium dose=slurred speech, drowsiness, and altered emotions high doses=vomiting, depression, unconsciousness, coma, or even death | 85 | |
| 5332735975 | withdrawal symptoms of alcohol | sleep problems, hallucinations, tremors, seizures | 86 | |
| 5332735976 | narcotics | analgesics/pain relievers that depress CNS or respiratory system. produce feelings of euphoria, relieve pain, and induce sleep. similar to endorphins chemically. | 87 | |
| 5332735977 | types of narcotics | include: opiates and synthetic opiates--codeine, heroin, morphine, opium, Percodan, Darvon, Talwin, Dilaudid, mathadone, and Demerol | 88 | |
| 5332735978 | stimulants | psychoactive drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that activate motivational centers of the brain, reduce activity of inhibitory centers of CNS; excite neural activity and speed up body functions; increase activity of serotonin and dopamine; used to treat narcolepsy and hyperactivity. | 89 | |
| 5332735979 | amphetamines | stimulants; include methamphetamine, benzadrine, Ritalin, ephedrine (Ephedra), and ecstasy (MDMA); stimulate sympathetic nervous system and speed up metabolism-->alert, energetic, elated, and less of an appetite | 90 | |
| 5332735980 | cocaine | powerfully addicting drugs that produce feelings of euphoria, excitement, strength, and reduce hunger. can cause neurological and behavioral problems (dizziness, headaches, movement problems, anxiety, insomnia, depression, hallucinations, high blood pressure, and stroke). overdose-->death | 91 | |
| 5332735981 | hallucenogens | aka psychedelics; diverse group of psychoactive drugs that alter moods, distort perceptions, and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input (hallucinations); include: LSD/lysergic acid diethylamide, PCP/phenocyclidine, THC/marijuana, psilocybin (from mushrooms), and Peyote/mescaline. | 92 | |
| 5332735982 | Consciousness | our awareness of ourselves and our environment | 93 | |
| 5332735983 | Circadian Rhythm | the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle | 94 | |
| 5332735984 | REM Sleep | rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active | 95 | |
| 5332735985 | Alpha Waves | the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state stage 1 | 96 | |
| 5332735986 | Sleep | periodic, natural loss of consciousness--as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation | 97 | |
| 5332735987 | Hallucinations | false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus | 98 | |
| 5332735988 | Delta Waves | the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep stages 3/4 | 99 | |
| 5332735989 | NREM Sleep | non-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep | 100 | |
| 5332735990 | Insomnia | recurring problems in falling or staying asleep | 101 | |
| 5332735991 | Narcolepsy | a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer my lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times | 102 | |
| 5332735992 | Sleep Apnea | a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings | 103 | |
| 5332735993 | Night Terrors | a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered | 104 | |
| 5332735994 | Dream | a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it | 105 | |
| 5332735995 | Manifest Content | according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream | 106 | |
| 5332735996 | Latent Content | according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream | 107 | |
| 5332735997 | REM Rebound | the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep) | 108 | |
| 5332735998 | Hypnosis | a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur | 109 | |
| 5332735999 | Posthypnotic Suggestion | a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors | 110 | |
| 5332736000 | Dissociation | a split in consciousness, which allows some thought and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others | 111 | |
| 5332736001 | Psychoactive Drug | a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods | 112 | |
| 5332736002 | Tolerance | the diminishing effect with regular use of the same does of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect | 113 | |
| 5332736003 | Withdrawal | the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug | 114 | |
| 5332736004 | Physical Dependence | a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued | 115 | |
| 5332736005 | Psychological Dependence | a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions | 116 | |
| 5332736006 | Addiction | compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences | 117 | |
| 5332736007 | Barbiturates | drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement | 118 | |
| 5332736008 | Opiates | opium and its derivatives such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety | 119 | |
| 5332736009 | Stimulants | drugs that excite neural activity and sped up body functions | 120 | |
| 5332736010 | Amphetamines | drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes | 121 | |
| 5332736011 | Methamphetamine | a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels | 122 | |
| 5332736012 | Ecstasy (MDMA) | a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood cognition | 123 | |
| 5332736013 | LSD | a powerful halucinogenic drug; also known as acid | 124 | |
| 5332736014 | Hallucinogens | psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input | 125 | |
| 5332736015 | Depressants | drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions | 126 | |
| 5332736016 | Near-Death Experience | an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug-induced hallucinations | 127 | |
| 5332736017 | THC | the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations | 128 | |
| 5332736018 | stage 1 | irregular brain activity caused by unrememberable moments: experiences fantasy images, resembles hallucinations, has twitches and lasts 10 minutes | 129 | |
| 5332736019 | stage 2 | is more relaxed but has burst of rapid brain activity called spindles. The individual is clearly asleep in this stage even though they can be woken up: sleeptalking is in this stage | 130 | |
| 5332736020 | stage 3 | the brain has slow delta waves which lasts for 30 minutes, the body begins to be unresponsive and the body's metabolism decreases | 131 | |
| 5332736021 | stage 4 | very difficult stage to be woken up from, the person doesn't remember the stage, sleeptalking, walking and wetters are in this stage | 132 | |
| 5332736022 | when do dreams occur | REM | 133 | |
| 5332736023 | 4 reasons for why we need to sleep? | protection, recuperate/restore and repair brain tissue, memory, growth | 134 | |
| 5332736024 | Preconscious | in Freud's theory, the level of consciousness in which thoughts and feelings are not conscious but are readily retrieveable to consciousness | 135 | |
| 5332736025 | Nonconscious | the level of consciousness devoted to processes completely unavailable to conscious awareness (e.g., fingernails growing, blood flow) | 136 | |
| 5332736026 | Psychodyanmic | Free association "saying anything that comes to mind" the importance of unconscious influences, early life experiences, and interpersonal relation ships explaining behavior or in treating people with psychological problems | 137 | |
| 5332736027 | Unconscious(Subconscious) | According to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware. Freud's level of mental life that consists of mental activities beyond people's normal awareness. | 138 | |
| 5332736028 | Cognitive Psychologists | are primarily interested in thinking. That want to know how reasoning, problem solving, memory, and other mental processes relate to computer game playing. Believe unconscious processes info of which you are unaware | 139 | |
| 5332736029 | Dual Processing | the principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks. | 140 | |
| 5332736030 | Unconsciousness | the condition of not being alert or aware of your surroundings | 141 | |
| 5332736031 | Consciousness | our awareness of ourselves and our environment can be altered by sleep, hypnosis, mediation, and drugs | 142 | |
| 5332736032 | Hypothalamus | A neural structure lying below the thalamus; it directs several maintenance activities (eating, drinking, body temperature), helps govern the endocrine system via the pituitary gland, and is linked to emotion and reward. controls biological clock | 143 | |
| 5332736033 | Circadian Rhythms | Internally generated patterns of body functions, including hormonal signals, sleep, blood pressure, and temperature regulation, which have approximately a 24-hour cycle and occur even in the absence of normal cues about whether it is day or night | 144 | |
| 5332736034 | Reticular Formation | A nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal. | 145 | |
| 5332736035 | Forebrain Reticular Formation Thalamus | Involved in changes in wakefulness, arousal, and attention | 146 | |
| 5332736036 | Evolutionary Psychologists | Say that humans evolved unique waking-sleep cycle as result of natural selection that maximized chance of survival | 147 | |
| 5332736037 | Sleep's restorative function | Protein synthesis throughout body maintaining plasticity of neural connections | 148 | |
| 5332736038 | Plasticity of neural connections | ability to be molded essential for storing and retrieving memory | 149 | |
| 5332736039 | Consolidation | unification; process of becoming firmer or stronger; V. consolidate: merge; strengthen putting together new memories and thoughts with old | 150 | |
| 5332736040 | Sleep Deprivation | any significant loss of sleep, resulting in problems in concentration and irritability impairs memory and immune system | 151 | |
| 5332736041 | Sleep | periodic, natural loss of consciousness--as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation complex combination of states of consciousness Amount we sleep changes as we age | 152 | |
| 5332736042 | Electroencephalogram (EEG) | reveal the brain waves change systematically throughout sleep cycles | 153 | |
| 5332736043 | Conscious (awake) | Beta waves when alert Alpha waves when relaxed | 154 | |
| 5332736044 | Beta Waves | Alertness |  | 155 |
| 5332736045 | Alpha Waves | Relaxed | | 156 |
| 5332736046 | Hypnagogic State | a brief transitional stage of sleep in which one may experience hallucinations and/or the sensation of falling (Between conscious and sleep) | 157 | |
| 5332736047 | Stage 1 Sleep | theta waves(higher in amplitude, Lower in frequency) |  | 158 |
| 5332736048 | Stage 2 Sleep | A sleep deeper than that of stage 1, characterized by a slower, more regular wave pattern, along with momentary interruptions of "sleep spindles." (high frequency bursts) and K complexes |  | 159 |
| 5332736049 | Stage 3 Sleep | Slow wave sleep; large-amplitude delta waves begin appearing; transition stage. Delta Waves, high amplitude, low frequency |  | 160 |
| 5332736050 | Stage 4 Sleep | The deepest stage of sleep, during which we are least responsive to outside stimulation. Heart rate, respiration, temperature, and blood flow to brain reduced. Secrete growth hormone | | 161 |
| 5332736051 | Non-Rem (NREM) Sleep | Sleep Stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 that involve no rapid eye movement | 162 | |
| 5332736052 | Order of Sleep Stages | 1,2,3,4,3,2,REM | 163 | |
| 5332736053 | REM Sleep | Rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active. | | 164 |
| 5332736054 | Stage 2 | 50% of sleep is in this stage | 165 | |
| 5332736055 | Deep Sleep | In support of the restorative function of sleep, many of the body's cells show increased production and reduced breakdown of proteins during ....... | 166 | |
| 5332736056 | Nightmares | Anxiety-arousing dreams that lead to awakening, usually from REM sleep. | 167 | |
| 5332736057 | Dreaming | A mental state that usually occurs during sleep that features visual imagery REM Sleep 75% occurs in REM (longer/vivid), mental experience starts to shift to dreamlike state after stage 2 | 168 | |
| 5332736058 | Lucid Dreaming | Being aware of your dreaming and being able to control the storyline. | 169 | |
| 5332736059 | Frued | Dreams showcase unconscious desires and reveal secrets of the unconscious part of the mind unknown to the conscious part of the mind. | 170 | |
| 5332736060 | Manifest Content | according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream | 171 | |
| 5332736061 | Latent Content | according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream | 172 | |
| 5332736062 | Robert Mccarley and J Alen Hobson | Activation synthesis theory | 173 | |
| 5332736063 | Activation synthesis Theroy | Theory that proposes that perhaps dreams are nothing more than the brains interpretations of what is happening physiologically during REM sleep. | 174 | |
| 5332736064 | Pons | A brain structure that relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain Generate bursts of action potential to forebrain which is activation | 175 | |
| 5332736065 | Cognitive view of Sleep | During sleep, info from external world is cut off. Only world that brain can model is the one from memories and experiences that can be activated by electrical impulses discharged from brain | 176 | |
| 5332736066 | REM rebound | the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)` | 177 | |
| 5332736067 | Insomnia | Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep. | 178 | |
| 5332736068 | Narcolepsy | A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times. | 179 | |
| 5332736069 | Sleep Apnea | a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings | 180 | |
| 5332736070 | Night Terrors | a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered | 181 | |
| 5332736071 | Sleepwalking | somnambulism A phenomenon primarily occurring in non-REM sleep in which people walk while asleep. Sleep stage 4 | 182 | |
| 5332736072 | Hypnosis | Altered state of consciousness characterized by deep relaxation and heightened suggestibility subjects can change aspects of reality and let the changes influence behavior | 183 | |
| 5332736073 | Dissociation | A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others. Hypnotized people might experience two or more streams of conscious cutoff from each other | 184 | |
| 5332736074 | Ernest hilgrad | pioneering hypnosis researcher and advocate of the divided consciousness theory of hypnosis | 185 | |
| 5332736075 | Divided Consciousness Theory of Hypnosis | a state of awareness characterized by divided attention to two or more tasks or activities performed at the same time | 186 | |
| 5332736076 | Posthypnotic Suggestion | a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors | 187 | |
| 5332736077 | Meditation | An intentional, self-produced state of consciousness induced by relaxing and systematically shifting attention away from day-to-day concerns. EEG's of meditators show alpha wave characteristics of relaxed awareness | 188 | |
| 5332736078 | Physiological Changes by Meditation | lowered blood pressure indicate activation of parasympathetic nervous system increased feeling of wellbeing | 189 | |
| 5332736079 | Psychoactive Drugs | chemicals that affect the central nervous system and alter activity in the brain can pass through the blood brain barrier to alter perception can inhibit or stimulate different regions of brain by interacting with neurotransmitters | 190 | |
| 5332736080 | Blood Brain Barrier | The brain is protected from harmful chemicals in the blood stream by thicker walls surrounding the brains blood vessels. | 191 | |
| 5332736081 | Tolerance | A progressive decrease in a person's responsiveness to a drug. partly depends on environmental stimuli | 192 | |
| 5332736082 | Withdrawal Symptoms | The Reaction experienced when a substance abuser stops using a drug with dependence properties intense craving for drug and effects opposite to those the drug usually induces | 193 | |
| 5332736083 | Physiological Dependence or Addiction | a condition in which the user has a chemical need for the drug develops when changes in brain chemistry from taking the drug necessitate taking the drug again to prevent withdrawal symptoms | 194 | |
| 5332736084 | Drug categories | Depressants Narcotics Stimulants Hallucinogens | 195 | |
| 5332736085 | Depressants | Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions and induce relaxation | 196 | |
| 5332736086 | Barbiturates (depressant) | drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment Secobarbital (Seconal) and phenobarbital(Luminal) sedatives taken to induce sleep and prevent seizures | 197 | |
| 5332736087 | Tranquilizers (depressant) | Benzodiazepines Valine, Xanax, and Rohypnol(roofies DATE RAPE DRUGS) and quaaludes relieve anxiety induce sleep prevent seizure | 198 | |
| 5332736088 | Alcohol (depressant) | most studies psychoactive drug acts at reticular formation, spinal cord cerebellum, and cerebral cortex and neurotransmitter systems increases transmission of GABA decreases Acetylcholine increases beta endorphins depresses activity of frontal lobe Withdrawal symptoms: tremors, seizures, sleep issues, nausea, hallucinations | 199 | |
| 5332736089 | Narcotics | Specific drugs that are obtainable only by prescription and are used to relieve pain analgesics (pain reducers) depress central nervous system and respiratory system Include: Opiates and synthetic opiates like codeine, heroin, morphine, opium percodan, Darvon, talwian, demerol induces feelings of euphoria, relieve pain and induce sleep similar to endorphins | 200 | |
| 5332736090 | Opiates | opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety physically and psychologically addictive | 201 | |
| 5332736091 | Stimulants | Psychoactive drugs that activate motivational centers and reduce activity in inhibitory centers for central nervous system by increase activity of serotonin dopamine and norepinephrine Include: caffeine, cocaine , amphetamines, and nicotine treat hyperactivity and narcolepsy | 202 | |
| 5332736092 | Amphetamines (stimulants) | methamphetamine benzedrine ritalin ephedra ecstacy (MDMA) stimulate the sympathetic nervous system and speed up metabolism reduce appetite | 203 | |
| 5332736093 | Hallucinogens | psychedelics alter moods distort perceptions evoke sensory images in absence of sensory input Include LSD, PCP, THC, shrooms, and peyote | 204 |
