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| 5250545058 | Proteins' building blocks | Amino acids | 0 | |
| 5250554703 | Amino Acid is composed of | central carbon atom, amino group, carboxyl group, a hydrogen, and an R group | 1 | |
| 5250563186 | Amino Acids are linked by | Peptide Bonds | 2 | |
| 5250567281 | Oligopeptides | a peptide whose molecules contain a relatively small number of amino-acid residues. | 3 | |
| 5250571905 | Polypeptides | many peptide bonds, longer, functional protein when 1 or more polypeptides | 4 | |
| 5250583863 | Protein functions | enzymes, defensive, hormonal, receptor, storage, structural, transport, genetic regulatory | 5 | |
| 5250588063 | Structures of Proteins | primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary | 6 | |
| 5250590726 | Primary | weaker forces, straight chain, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions | 7 | |
| 5250596676 | Secondary | alpha helix or beta plated sheets, hydrogen bonds between N-H group on one amino acid and C=O group on other. | 8 | |
| 5250603508 | Tertiary | 3-dimensional shape, hydrogen bonds between R groups, disulfide bridges, hydrophobic side chains, vanderwalls, ionic interactions | 9 | |
| 5250610347 | Quaternary | Hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bonds, ionic interaction, all held hold 4 subunits together. | 10 | |
| 5250614172 | Subunits | 2 or mor polypeptide chains | 11 | |
| 5250621776 | Glycine (special case Rs) | Fitting: single hydrogen atom so small to fit into tight corners in interior of protein molecule. | 12 | |
| 5250627142 | Proline (special case Rs) | Stabilization: modified Amino, lacks H so covalent bond with H-carbon will make a ring structure, limiting H bonding and rotation. | 13 | |
| 5250633584 | Cysteine | Folds: terminal -SH group, reacts with other cysteine R groups. Creates disulfide bridges. | 14 | |
| 5250639393 | Disulfide Bridges | -SH and -SH bond which creates -S-S- | 15 | |
| 5250644275 | Enzymes | proteins that speed up (catalyze) chemical rxns. | 16 | |
| 5250649186 | Transition State | releases free energy (Gibss free energy) | 17 | |
| 5250653564 | Activation energy | required to reach transition state to reach this. | 18 | |
| 5250655502 | Non-competitive | Stimulated. Changes structure |  | 19 |
| 5250679394 | Competitive | doesn't change structure, inhibited. |  | 20 |
| 5250687999 | Lipids building blocks | triglycerides: fatty acids and glycerol | 21 | |
| 5250706508 | Fats | solid at room temperature (20 degrees Celsius) | 22 | |
| 5250709059 | Oils | Liquid at room temperature | 23 | |
| 5250712262 | Fatty acids | long non polar hydrocarbon chains with polar carboxyl (-COOH) | 24 | |
| 5250723008 | Glycerol | Small 3 -OH groups | 25 | |
| 5250728383 | Saturated | one or more double bonds between carbons in fatty acids | 26 | |
| 5250730715 | Unsaturated | All bonds between carbon atoms are single in fatty acids | 27 | |
| 5250735646 | Functions Lipids | energy in C-C and C-H bonds structural roles in cells and body surface fat in animal bodies, thermal insulation | 28 | |
| 5250739944 | Phospholipids | triglycerides, but a phosphate containing compound replaces a fatty acid chain. | 29 | |
| 5250749230 | Head | hydrophilic part of the phospholipid, where the phosphate containing group that is negatively charged is at. | 30 | |
| 5250760057 | Tail | Hydrophobic part of the phospholipid, the 2 fatty acid chains. | 31 | |
| 5250763236 | Amphipathic | 2 opposing forces. hydrophilic from one end, hydrophobic from the other. | 32 | |
| 5250774918 | Phospholipid bilayer | two layers of phospholipids, with a hydrophobic, or water-hating, interior and a hydrophilic, or water-loving, exterior. | 33 | |
| 5250779336 | Carbohydrates building blocks | monosaccharides | 34 | |
| 5250785890 | Monosaccharides | Pentoses or Hexoses (up to 7 carbon atoms). Consists of -OH bonds and -H bonds. | 35 | |
| 5250796188 | Glycosidic linkages | form disaccharides (2), oligosaccharides (several), and polysaccharides (many). | 36 | |
| 5250804984 | Functions of Carbohydrates | stored energy, transport stored energy, structural molecules, signaling molecules. | 37 | |
| 5250813221 | Starch | plants, branched polysaccharides | 38 | |
| 5250817519 | Glycogen | Animals, highly branched | 39 | |
| 5250819526 | Cellulose | Cell wall, linear. | 40 | |
| 5250821136 | Condensation reactions | a reaction in which two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, producing a small molecule such as H2O as a byproduct. | 41 | |
| 5250827856 | Nucleic Acids | informational molecules: DNA and RNA. Polymers that store, transmit and express hereditary information (genetics). | 42 | |
| 5250832796 | DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid. stores and transmits info, recipe. | 43 | |
| 5250836435 | RNA | ribonucleic acid. info. encoded in DNA is used to specify amino acid sequences, cake. | 44 | |
| 5250886836 | Nucleic acids building blocks | Nucleotides (monomers) | 45 | |
| 5250893939 | Nucleotides components | nitrogen containing base, pentose sugar, 1 to 3 phosphate groups. In DNA, pentose is deoxyribose because absences of one oxygen atom. | 46 | |
| 5250905564 | Phosphodiester bonds | Pentose sugar in LAST nucleotides of chain and Phosphate group on NEW nucleotide link through condensation rxn. | 47 | |
| 5250920143 | Components Nitrogen containing base | Pyrimidines and Purines | 48 | |
| 5250921492 | Pyrimidines | Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil (RNA only) | 49 | |
| 5250922974 | Purines | Adenine, Guanine | 50 | |
| 5251003448 | Biochemical energy | chemical reaction: reactants ---> products. changes in energy | 51 | |
| 5251028604 | Types of energy | potential energy and kinetic energy | 52 | |
| 5251031484 | Potential Energy | energy of state or position, stored energy, can be converted to kinetic energy | 53 | |
| 5251034255 | Kinetic Energy | energy of movement, does work and change, can convert to potential energy. | 54 | |
| 5251038340 | Metabolism | total sum of all chemical rxns occurring in a biological system at a given time | 55 | |
| 5251050183 | Formation of bond | release | 56 | |
| 5251050184 | breaking bond | input | 57 | |
| 5251053224 | Anabolic Rxns | input of energy, link simple to form more complex molecules | 58 | |
| 5251097295 | Catabolic Rxns | Break down complex molecules into simple ones, release energy | 59 | |
| 5251101457 | Thermodynamics Lawys | energy is neither created or destroyed useful energy tends to decrease | 60 | |
| 5251103561 | Entropy | disorder (S) | 61 | |
| 5251103562 | Enthalpy | total energy (H) | 62 | |
| 5251105673 | Exothermic rxn | releases heat energy -ΔH | 63 | |
| 5251105674 | Endothermic rxn | absorbs heat energy +ΔH | 64 | |
| 5251106864 | Gibbs free energy change | ΔG = ΔH - TΔS. | 65 | |
| 5251119550 | Spontaneous Rxn | exergonic rxn ΔG<0 | 66 | |
| 5251122996 | Nonspontaneous rxn | endergonic rxn ΔG>0 | 67 | |
| 5251125581 | Equilibrium Rxn | ΔG=0 | 68 |
